한강변 응급센터에 내원한 익수환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

양진홍,박규남,최승필,김영민,김세경 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Background: There are approximately 2,400 drowning deaths reported every year in Korea, but there are few good reports about submerged patients visiting the emergency room, so this study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of submerged patients treated at an emergency medical center near the Han river. Methods: A retrospective review of 123 cases of submerged patients admitted to our emergency medical center over a 5 year period from 1996 to 2000 was conducted. Results: Among the 123 submerged patients, there were 66 males and 57 females, and their mean age was 33.18. The common cause of submersions was a suicide attempt, followed by lack of attention, unknown etiology, and water sports such as swimming. Most of the patients were transported to ER by 119 ambulance. In-hospital CPR was performed on 27(22%) cases. At initial ECG rhythm of these cases, asystole was noted if 25 patients; VF and pulseless electrical activity, respectively, were noted in two others. Prehospital CPR had been performed on all in-hospital CPR cases except 2. Prolonged ROSC after succesful CPR was noted in 13 cases, The mean duration of CPR was 26 minutes. Five patients survived after CPR. Their neurologic outcomes were assessed on CPC(cerebral performance category). Three patients were categorized in CPC1, the other two patients were categorized in CPC3 and CPC4. Conclusion: Submerged patient's visits to emergency medical center near the Han river were most frequent in summer for suicide purposes. Drowned patients were more hypothermic than other cardiac arrest cases, and resulted in better outcome even with prolonged arrest time, if they were given appropriate prehospital CPR and aggreissive in-hospital resuscitation.

뇌 해마의 복측 또는 배측 부분이 제거된 흰쥐 중격핵의 신경전달물질

양훈모,김종규,한영길,민영기 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.1

This study was planned to analyze amino acids in the septal nucleus of dorsal and ventral hippocampectomized rats by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Male albino rats were used. Under chloral hydrate anesthesia (20%, 2 ml/kg body weight), a hole was made in each parietal bone about 4 mm lateral to the sagittal suture, and 4 mm rostral to the lambda suture. The cortical tissue on each side was removed and, through this opening, the hippocampal tissue anterodorsal and posteroventral to the hippocampal flexures on both sides was removed by aspiration. This preparation served as the dorsal and the ventral hippocampal animals, respectively. The cortical control animal received the same surgery short of hippocampectomy. The normal rats served as normal control animal. One day later, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation in the cold room. Two to three milligrams of tissue was obtained form the septal nucleus in one side of the brain. The tissue samples were homogenized and centrifuged. Then content of each amino acid was measured by HPLC form the brain tissue. The contents of aspartate and glutamate were decreased significantly more in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal groups than in the normal and the cortical control groups. The contents of glutamate were decreased significantly more in the ventral hippocampal group than in the dorsal hippocampal, while there were no significant differences between the two control groups. It is inferred form the above mentioned results that glutamate and aspartate may be used as excitatory transmitters in septal nucleus, and that the dorsal hippocampus may be facilitatory to the septal nucleus, but the ventral hippocampus would be inhibitory/facilitatory to the cortex.

임종통고여부에 대한 의료진과 학생군의 태도

양규봉,김영현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

As the modern medicine advances with time, the chronic debilitating disease has become the leading cause of death, and the terminally ill and dying patients have been increased. So the management of dying patients has become an important problem in the medical practices and it is difficult for doctors to tell the patient that he or she is on dying. Whether to tell the truth or not truth or not, has been a major problem for the dying patients. The author conducted a research to investigate the attitudes of 222 medical staffs(93 medical doctors, 13 herb doctors and 116 hospital nurses) and 237 students (86 medical students, 50 herb medical students and 101 nursing students) toward the dying patients. Questionaire method was used for this study. The results were as follows. 1. The medical staffs (43% of medical doctors, 54% of herb doctors and 72% of hospital nurses) and students (49% of medical students, 42% of herb medical students and 58% of nursing students) replied that they preferred to tell the truth of the actual course of the terminal illness depending on the cases and circumstances. X²test showed that the difference of attitudes between the medical staffs and students (p<0.01), medical doctors and hospital nurses (p<0.01), medical students and nursing students (p<0.05), and between herb medical students and nursing students (p<0.05) were statistically significant. But the difference between other subgroups were not statistically significant. The most common reason for telling the truth between medical staffs(42%) and students(69%) was that the patient should prepare for death psychologically. X²test about the reason for telling the truth showed that the difference between the medical staffs and students was not statistically significnat, but the difference between the medical doctors and hospital nurses was statistially significant (p<0.01). The most common reason for not to tell the truth between medical staffs(67%) and students(67%) was that the patients must be helped to continue treatment without giving up the hope for recovery. X²test showed that the difference between the medical staffs and students and among the othe other subgroups were not statistically significant. 2. As for who should be the first informer to the patient in case of telling the truth, medical staffs(60% of medical doctors, 30% of herb doctors and 58% of hospital nurses) and students(62% of medical students, 46% of herb medical students and 50% of nursing students) replied that attending physician should be the first. But the herb doctors(54%) replied that the relatives should be the first. X²test showed the difference between medical staffs and students was not statistically significant. The difference between medical doctors and herb doctors (p<0.05), and between medical students and herb medical students (p<0.05) were statistically significant, but the differences between other subgroups were not statistically significant. 63% of medical staffs and 71% of students replied that the method of telling the truth was "to take several days with step by step", but the herb doctors(77%) replied that the patient should be suggested that the condition is "just serious", x²test showed that the differences between the medical staffs and students (p<0.01), medical doctors and hospital nurses (p<0.01). herb doctors and hospital nurses (p<0.01), and between herb medical students and nursing students (p<0.05) were statistically significant, but the difference between other subgroups were not statistically significant. 3. As for the place of dying, both medical staffs (63% of medical doctors, 69% of herb doctors and 73% of hospital nurses) and students(74% of medical students, 84% of herb medical students and 79% of nursing students) most frequently chosed the house of the patients. X²test showed that the differences between the medical staffs and students(p<0.05), medical doctors and hospital nurses (p<0.01) were statistically significant. The most common reason for the selection between medical staffs(96%) and students(96%) was that house is more comfortable psychologically for the dying patients. X² test showed that the differences between medical staffs and students was not statistically significant. But the differences between medical students and herb medical students(p<0.05), and between herb medical students and nursing students(p<0.01) were statistically significant. 4. In the questionaire of "Whether they have learned about the dying patient problem", 36% of the medical staffs and 39% of the students replied that they have learned about the dying patient problem. X²test showed that attitudes of the hospital nurses and students seemed to be affected by their learning experience (hospital nurses, p<0.01; students, p<0.05); but not seemed to be affected in the other subgroups. 5. In the questionaire of "If they are process of dying, whether they want to know or not the truth of impending death", both medical staffs(56% of medical doctors, 42% of herb doctors and 62% of hospital nurses) and students (72% of medical students, 73% of herb medical students and 73% of nursing students) most frequently replied that they want to know the truth. X²test showed that the difference between medical staffs and students was statistically significant. 6. The attitudes of the medical staffs and students seemed not to be affected by their age.

Face-Mask를 이용한 골격성 III급 부정교합 환아의 치험례

양규호,이영준 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

The conventional treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion has been focused on application of orthopedic force primarily to the mandible. However, In Class Ⅲ malocclusion with retrograde position or underdevelopment of Maxilla, this approach is not suitable treatment. These patients need an application of orthopedic forces via face-mask to the Maxilla to stimulate its growth and to change the direction of growth. In skeletal Class Ⅲ patients who were treated by Face-Mask, the following results were obtained. 1. Forward growth of Maxilla was enhanced. 2. Labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors were observed. 3. Mandible was rotated to clockwise direction and remodeling of B point was observed. 4. Anterior crossbite was corrected by combining of the above results.

韓國在來式 된장의 맛 成分 分布

梁成鎬,鄭永健,金鍾奎 대구산업정보대학 1987 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The present study was to investigate the distribution of taste components in 40 samples of the ordinary Korean soybean paste. We separated the taste components of free amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by ion-exchange chromatography. Free sugar, organic acid and free amino acid were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and amino acid autoanalysis respectively. The taste of soybean paste was investigated by sensory evaluation. The results obtained were as follows: The color of the soybean paste was most brown gold, yellow ochre and cinnamon. The taste component of soybean paste has amino acid(l8kinds), organic acid(4 kinds), free sugar(4 kinds) and they was consisted of sweet taste, palatable taste, saline taste, bitter taste and sour taste. In the amino acids of palatable taste were contained aspartic acid 67.96±52.12mg%, glutamic acid 324.39±53.95mg% and cysteine 66.99±55.83mg%. In the amino acids of sweet taste were contained threonine 47.33±36.24mg%, serine 54.99±48.06mg%, proline 187.45±219.43mg%, glycine 93.90±62.11mg%, alanine 270.73±156.49mg% and lycine 168.92±92.29mg%. In the amino acids of bitter taste were contained isoleucine 166.26±84.00mg%, methionine 16.16±14.37mg%, valine 170.82±70.55mg% leucine 244.87±112.98mg%, tyrosine 41.41±25.16mg%, tryptophan 66.55±133.24mg%, arginine 6.66±21.60mg%, histidine 164.16±188.51mg% and phenylalanine 146.50±77.63mg%. In the organic acids of sour taste were contained oxalic acid 25.03±17.61mg%, succinic-fumaric-citric 7.65±6.67mg%. Abundant the free sugars of sweet tasts were fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose in order. A taste panel of 37 trained people evaluated the soybean paste, using a scale from 9 to 1, the highest score was 258 and the lowest score was 99.

차세대 레진개발을 위한 광중합형 복합레진의 마모와 화학적 분해

양규호,최남기,육근영 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

복합레진은 치질과 우수한 결합력을 가지며 심미적인 이유로 치과의 대표적 수복재로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 저작력에 따른 마모와 구강내 환경에서의 수분흡수에 따른 가수분해가 복합레진의 강도약화를 야기하고 있다. 실험에 사용된 복합레진은 현재 임상에서 많이 사용되고 있는 Point4, Tetric flow, Heliomolar flow, FiItek supreme 이다. 각 제품의 화학적 분해와 마모도를 평가하기 위해 각각 10개의 시편을 제작하여 그 중 5개는 37℃의 수중하에 1Kg의 하중을 가하여 10,000 cycle동안의 마모도를 측정하였다. 나머지 5개 시편은 무게 측정을 한 후, 0.1N NaOH 용액, 3ml에 저장하여 60℃에서 보관한 후 2주 후 제거하여 1.23% HCI로 2시간 동안 중화하고 증류수로 세척한 후 60℃에서 건조하였다. 무게 손실, 분해층 깊이 및 시편내의 Si의 농도 변화, 최대 마모 깊이를 근거로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각 제품의 무게 손실량은 Heliomolar flow, Filtek supreme, Point4, Tetric flow 순이었으며 Heliomolar flow, Filtek supreme을 제외한 다른 제품간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 2. 각 제품의 표면하 분해층 깊이는 Filtek supreme, Heliomolar flow, Tetric flow, Point4 순이었으며 Heliomolar flow, Tetric flow을 제외한 다른 제품간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 3. 각 제품으로부터 용출된 Si은 Filtek supreme, Heliomolar flow, Point4, Tetric flow 순이었으며 Point4, Tetric flow을 제외한 다른 제품간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 4. 최대마모깊이 측정시 Heliomolar flow, Point4, Filtek supreme, Tetric flow 순이며 0.1 N NaOH 용액에 보관한 레진의 마모깊이가 물에 보관한 레진에 비해 증가한 양상을 보였다. 5. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 NaOH 용액에 보관한 후 레진 기질과 충전제 사이의 결합의 파괴를 관찰 수 있었으며, 공촛점 레이저 현미경 관찰시 NaOH 용액에 보관한 후 수복재의 기질과 충전제 사이의 파괴양상인 분해층 깊이를 관찰할 수 있었다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation and to compare the wear resistance characteristics of four composite resins in an alkaline solution. The resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of mass loss(%), degradation depth(㎛). Si loss(ppm) and wear depth. The brands studied were Heliomolar flow, Filtek supreme. Point4, Tetric flow. The results were as follows: 1. The sequence of the mass loss was in descending order by Heliomolar flow, Filtek supreme, Point4, Tetric flow. There was significant differences among the materials except Heliomolar flow and Filtek supreme. 2. The sequence of the degree of degradation layer depth was in descending order by Filtek supreme, Heliomolar flow, Tetric flow, Point4. There were significant differences among the materials except Heliomolar flow and Tetric flow. 3. The sequence of Si loss was in descending order by Filtek supreme, Heliomolar flow, Point4, Tetric flow. There were significant differences among the materials except Point 4 and Tetric flow. 4. The sequence of maximum wear depth was in descending order by Heliomolar flow, Point4, Filtek supreme, Tetric flow and there was increasing wear depth on soaking in 0.1N NaOH solution. 5. When observed with SEM, destruction of bonding between matrix and filler was observed and when observed with CLSM, the depth of degradation layer of specimen surface was observed. There results indicate that wear and hydrolytic degradation could be considered to be evaluation factors of composite resins.

산성 불소가 복합레진 표면에 미치는 영향

양규호,육근영,최남기,김선미 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

복합레진 수복은 치아우식 및 치아우식 예방치료를 위한 대표적인 술식으로 소아치과 영역에서 널리 시행되고 있으며 불소도포는 치아우식 예방을 위한 대표적인 술식으로 1년에 2번 정도 실시되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 이점에도 불구하고 Acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF)가 복합 레진의 표면을 거칠게 한다는 부작용에 대한 논란이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 불소도포가 복합레진의 표면에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 시판용 레진인 Solitaire 2^(®)(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), Metafil CX^(®)(Sun medical, Japan), Composan LCM^(®)(Promedica, Germany), Charmseal^(®)(DenKist, Korea)을 이용하여 시편을 제작하고, 불소젤은 Topex^(®)(Sultan Dental Products, Canada)를 각각 1분과 4분동안 도포시킨 후 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 불소젤을 도포시키지 않은 대조군에서 가장 평활한 표면을 보였으며 1분군, 4분군 순으로 표면 거칠기가 증가하였다. 그리고 Composan LCM^(®)을 제외한 모든 제품에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 국소도포용 불소젤을 도포한 각 레진 시편의 무게 차이를 비교한 결과 대조군, 1분군, 4분군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 불소젤을 도포시킨 실험군은 대조군에 비해 거친 표면을 나타내었다. Composite resin restorations are widely used to restore decayed teeth or preventive restoration in children. Children often receive topical fluoride treatments on a semiannual basis. However there is concern that topical acidulated phosphate fluorides (APF) may cause deterioration of composite resins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface changes in composite resins due to topical fluoride application. Composite resins(Solitaire 2^(®), Metafil CX^(®), Composan LCM^(®), Charmseal^(®)) in topical fluoride agents were immersed and their surface roughness, weight loss and SEM findings were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The 4 minutes-immersion group showed more roughened surface than 1 minute-immersion group and the control group showed the smoothest surface among all the materials, and there was statistically significant difference between the groups except the Composan LCM^(®)(P<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between the 1 minute-immersion group and 4 minutes-immersion group in weight loss (P>0.05). 3. The experimental group treated with topical fluoride gel showed generally more roughened surface than control group in the SEM findings.

Sagittal appliance를 이용한 부정교합의 치료에 관한 증례

양규호,김지영,오희수 大韓小兒齒科學會 1991 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Sagittal appliance is an active plate with expansion screws in the anteroposterior direction.It is used to advance the maxillary incisors and to distalize the maxillary molars,thereby to increase arch length. Sagittal appliance produces changes of tooth position in the surrounding bone by converting mechanical pressure into biological energy as the screws are activated regularly. We treated anterior crossbite,severe crowding,and submerged tooth with sagittal appliance. The results were as follows: 1. Dental crowding was relieved by some advancement of incisors and most of distalization of molar after extraction of second molars. 2. Anterior cross bite caused by immaturity of premaxilla was corrected by advancement of maxillary incisors and premaxilla and then facial profile was improved. 3. Irregular tooth arrangement and labial inclination of incisors occured during treatment will be corrected by fixed appliance. 4. Mesially titled first molar caused by submerged second primary molar was uprighted and lost space of secondprimary molar was regained by lower unilateral sagittal appliance.

데페록사민 전처치가 토끼 심근경색 크기의 감소에 미치는 효과

양관모,오동렬,박승현,박규남,이원재,김형국,황두영,최승필,채장성 대한응급의학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been postulated to result in a specific oxygen radical mediated tissue injury. Iron may liberate during ischemia and we hypothesized that administration of the iron chelator, deferoxamine during ischemia would result in improved recovery after postischemic reperfusion. Purpose: To test whether iron-catalyzed processes contribute to myocardial necrosis during ischemia and reperfusion, deferoxamine was administered to block iron catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation in rabbits. Methods: Eleven rabbits were divided into two groups : control group (n=5) and deferoxamine pretreatment group (n=6). The left circumflex coronay artery was ligated for 30 minutes and reperfused for 180 minutes. Area at risk (AR) was measured by non-stained area with methylene blue injection into left atrium after left circumflex coronary artery ligation. Infarct size was measured by weighing after triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Heart rate was measured using electrocardiographic recording and systemic blood pressure was monitored by pressure transducer connected to the catheter in the left ventricle. Results: 1. There was no significant difference of heart rate and blood pressure in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group. 2. There was significant decrease of serum iron concentration after continuous infusion of deferoxamine compared with serum iron concentration before ligation of coronary artery(P<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference of area at risk between control and deferoxamine pretreatment group. 4. Area at necrosis to area at risk was significantly reduced in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that deferoxamine infusion prior to coronary artery occlusion has a significant benefit in reducing infarct size in this model.

정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 경추골성숙도에 관한 연구

양규호,최남기,최봉선,이영준,류선열,김선미 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자간의 성장 정도에 차이가 있는지를 평가하기 위해 8-12세 여자를 대상으로 하여 진단 석고 모형과 측모두부방사선사진을 기준으로 정상교합자 172명 , 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자 191명 총 363명을 분류하여 연구를 시행하였다. 경추의 하연의 만곡도와 수직·수평 길이의 비를 측정해서 연령이 증가함에 따른 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 연령이 증가함에 따라 제2~6경추의 하연의 만곡도는 정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자 모두에서 일정하게 증가하였다. 2. 연령이 증가함에 따라 제3~6경추의 수직·수평 길이의 비도 정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자 모두에서 일정하게 증가하였다. 3. 제2~6경추의 하연의 만곡도와 제3~6경추의 수직·수평 길이의 비에서 정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자간의 경추골성숙도 차이를 조사한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 정상교합자와 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자간의 경추골성숙도를 비교했을 때 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으므로 성장에 차이가 없음을 시사하였다. This study was to evaluate and compare differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of normal occlusion and skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion. Normal occlusion (172 girls) and skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion(191 girls) were classified according to diagnosis stone model and lateral cephalogram of Korean girls aging from 8 to 12 years. The concavity of inferior border, vertico-horizontal ratio of cervical vertebrae were observed and measured according to age. Differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. The concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae of normal occlusion and skeletal Class Ⅲ had uniformly increased with age. 2. The vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae of girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class Ⅲ had uniformly increased with age. 3. There was no significant difference in cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between normal occlusion and skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion in the concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae and in the vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae. The results in the study indicate that there is no significant difference of cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion.