Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells

Songhee Jeon(Songhee Jeon),Jeong-Eun Park(Jeong-Eun Park),Young Ho Do(Young Ho Do),Renata Santos(Renata Santos ),Seong Mi Lee(Seong Mi Lee),Bung-Nyun Kim(Bung-Nyun Kim),Jae Hoon Cheong(Jae Hoon Cheong 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3

Objective Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. Methods Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. Results Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.

Proteomic analysis of the neuroprotective mechanisms of acupuncture treatment in a Parkinson's disease mouse model

Jeon, Songhee,Kim, Youn Jung,Kim, Seung-Tae,Moon, Woongjoon,Chae, Younbyoung,Kang, Minjeong,Chung, Mi-Young,Lee, Hyangsook,Hong, Mi-Sook,Chung, Joo-Ho,Joh, Tong H.,Lee, Hyejung,Park, Hi-Joon WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Proteomics Vol.8 No.22

<P>Acupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), and it attenuates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) in PD animal models. Using proteomic analysis, we investigated whether acupuncture alters protein expression in the SN to favor attenuation of neuronal degeneration. In C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days, 2 or 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the effective and specific acupoint, GB34, once a day for 12 consecutive days from the first MPTP treatment. Both treatments in MPTP mice led to restoration of behavioral impairment and rescued tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurodegeneration. Using peptide fingerprinting MS, we identified changes in 22 proteins in the SN following MPTP treatment, and nine of these proteins were normalized by EA. They were involved in cell death regulation, inflammation, or restoration from damage. The levels of cyclophilin A (CypA), which is a neuroprotective agent, were unchanged by MPTP treatment but were increased in MPTP-EA mice. These results suggest that acupoint GB34-specific EA changes protein expression profiles in the SN in favor of DA neuronal survival in MPTP-treated mice, and that EA treatment may be an effective therapy for PD patients.</P>

Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells

Jeon Songhee,Park Jeong-Eun,Do Young Ho,Santos Renata,Lee Seong Mi,Kim Byung-Nyun,Cheong Jae Hoon,Kim Yeni 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.4

Objective Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus.Methods Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures.Results Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30–60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation.Conclusion These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.

DHEA Alleviates Oxidative Stress of Muscle Cells via Activation of Nrf2 Pathway.

Jeon, Songhee,Hur, Jinyoung,Kim, Jongpil Humana Press 2015 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.176 No.1

<P>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been proposed to regulate muscle dystrophy, while the underlying mechanisms for its protection against muscle atrophy are unknown. The present study was carried out to improve our understanding of the mechanism of DHEA's protective effect on muscle cells. We observed that DHEA significantly decreased the loss of cell death associated with H2O2-induced toxicity. Pretreating the muscle cells with DHEA led to a reduction of the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to H2O2. In addition, DHEA reduced the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DHEA stimulated the activation of Nrf2, which led to the expression of an antioxidant response gene, HO-1. These results suggest that both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties mediate DHEA's effects for protection against muscle atrophy.</P>

Bee venom stimulates human melanocyte proliferation,melanogenesis, dendricity and migration

Songhee Jeon/Nan-Hyung Kim,Byung-Soo Koo,Hyun-Joo Lee,이애영 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.5

Pigmentation may result from melanocyte proliferation, melanogenesis, migration or increases in dendricity. Recently, it has been reported that secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) known as a component of bee venom (BV), stimulates melanocyte dendricity and pigmentation. BV has been used clinically to control rheumatoid arthritis and to ameliorate pain via its anti- inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Moreover, after treatment with BV, pigmentation around the injection sites was occasionally observed and the pigmentation lasted a few months. However, no study has been done about the effect of BV on melanocytes. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effect of BV on the proliferation, melanogenesis, dendricity and migration in normal human melanocytes and its signal transduction. BV increased the number of melanocytes dose and time dependently through PKA, ERK, and PI3K/Akt activation. The level of cAMP was also increased by BV treatment. Moreover, BV induced melanogenesis through increased tyrosinase expression. Furthermore, BV induced melanocyte dendricity and migration through PLA2 activation. Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that BV may have an effect on the melanocyte proliferation, melanogenesis, dendricity and migration through complex signaling pathways in vitro, responsible for the pigmentation. Thus, our study suggests a possibility that BV may be developed as a therapeutic drug for inducing repigmentation in vitiligo skin.

Lotus (Nelumbo nuficera) flower essential oil increased melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes

Songhee Jeon,Nan-Hyung Kim,Byung-Soo Koo,Ji-Young Kim,이애영 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.7

In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents. In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents.

포로서사 독법에 대한 小考

전송희(Jeon, Songhee) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2017 동양한문학연구 Vol.48 No.-

이 논문은 금계일기를 단순한 포로 실기가 아니라 문명 세계의 중심을 향한 욕망을 실현한 한 개인의 기록으로 읽는 것을 목표로 한다. 임진왜란 당시 포로가 되었다가 돌아온 사람들 중 자신의 포로체험을 기록으로 남긴 경우는 극히 드물었다. 기록으로 남겨진 몇몇의 포로 수기들은 대부분 자신들의 귀환 과정을 미처 완수하지 못한 충절을 실현하기 위한 어쩔 수 없는 선택으로 그리고 있는데, 이는 포로들에게 씌워질 ‘훼절’의 혐의를 벗기 위한 몸부림이기도 했다. 그러나 일본에서 자력으로 탈출한 뒤 중국 남방지방을 경유해 조선으로 돌아온 노인의 금계일기는 포로 귀환 서사가 지닌 문법을 충실히 따르면서도, ‘자기변호의 수사학’으로 설명될 수 없는 특이점들을 지니고 있다. 중국을 경유하여 일본을 탈출하고자 하는 노인의 기획은 ‘明’이라는 문명 세계의 중심을 향한 강렬한 충동 의 발현이기도 한데, 중국에 도착한 뒤 목도하게 되는 새로운 세계에 대 한 驚異와 중국 지식인들과의 직접적인 교류에서 오는 경험의 우월감은 자기변호를 위한 서사를 중단하는 힘으로 텍스트 전반을 가로지른다. 금계일기는 자신의 귀환과정을 ‘忠’과 ‘孝’의 맥락에서 재구성함으로써 ‘훼절’의 혐의를 벗고자하는 강력한 목적을 띄고 있는 것은 분명하지만, 그와 동시에 전쟁이라는 사건이 열어놓은 틈을 통해 차단된 세계로 나아가려 했던 욕망의 흔적을 담고 있다는 점에서 역사적 운동으로 환원되지 않는 텍스트성(textuality)을 담지하고 있다. 임진왜란이라는 문명사적인 사건 과 조선사회를 지탱하던 관념적 질서의 붕괴, 그리고 균열된 체제의 틈으로 삐져나온 한 개인의 다층적인 욕망 사이에 금계일기가 놓여 있는 것이다. This paper’s goal is not to read Geumgyeilgi(錦溪日記) as just a prisoner’s documentation, and instead to read it as a record of an individual who accomplished his desires towards a civilized world. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, out of the people who came back from being a captive, there were very few who left a record of their captive life. Most of these POW records depict their journey returning home as a way to fulfill their unexercised loyalty, and this was an act to prove one’s innocence against the charge of ‘selling one’s integrity’ which was put on the captives. However, in the case of Geumgyeilgi where the old man escapes on his own and returns to Chosun through China’s southern regions, the descriptive follows the grammatical norm of a prisoner documentation, but there are also some distinctive characteristics that cannot be explained through the ‘self-defending rhetoric mechanism’ that most prisoner documentations possess. The old man’s plan of escaping Japan via China is the realization of a strong impulse towards the center of civilized life, which was the ‘Ming dynasty’. The wonder(驚 異) from witnessing of the new world and the sense of superiority that came from the experience of directly interacting with Chinese intellects fills the whole text cutting out the narrative for self-defense. Geumgyeilgi is certainly a record with a strong motive for proving the writer’s innocence against the charge of ‘selling one’s integrity’ in the war by recomposing his journey returning home under the context of ‘loyalty’ and ‘filial duty’, but also it contains traces of desire towards a shut-off world through a gap that was opened by war. This indicates ‘textuality’ that wasn’t reclaimed through historical movements.

Novel mutations in patients with X-linked Alport syndrome : Two case reports

Oh, Songhee,Kim, Jieun,Kim, Hyoungnae,Jeon, Jin Seok,Noh, Hyunjin,Han, Dong Cheol,Jin, So-Young,Kwon, Soon Hyo Williams & Wilkins Co 2019 Medicine Vol.98 No.20

적층 가공에서 적용 가능한 PLA-PEG 복합재료의 MD Simulation

함송희 ( Songhee Ham ),전영준 ( Youngjoon Jeon ) 한국공업화학회 2023 공업화학 Vol.34 No.3

폴리젖산(poly-lactic acid, PLA)은 옥수수 분말이나 sugar beets와 같은 천연 재료로부터 얻어지는 생분해성 및 생체적 합성을 가진 친환경적인 재료로 각광받고 있으며, 특히 적층가공에서 흔히 사용되는 석유로부터 추출된 ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)의 대체재로 주목받고 있다. 그러나, PLA의 유리 전이 온도는 60 ℃로 비교적 낮아 열저항성이 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 PLA는 취성이 강해 충격이 가해졌을 때 부러지는 현상이 발생한다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 PLA의 결정화도 및 연성을 증가시켜 단점을 보완하기 위해 젖산에 조핵제 또는 가소제 등을 첨가하는 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. PEG (polyethylene glycol)은 PLA 사슬에 유동성을 주기 위해 가장 많이 연구된 가소제이나, PLA와 혼화되었을 때 자체적인 결정화가 진행되어 상온에서도 혼화물이 불안정해지며 상분리가 일어나게 된다. 따라서 PLA-PEG의 최적의 혼화 비율을 찾는 것이 필수적이다. 이번 연구에서는 가소제인 PEG를 첨가하였을 때 예측되는 두 물질 간의 혼화도를 Materials Studio 프로그램의 Molecular Dynamics를 이용하여 분석하였다. 특히, 젖산과 PEG의 함량 변화에 따른 혼화도와 젖산의 거울상 이성질체인 L-lactic acid 및 D-lactic acid의 함량에 따른 혼화도를 거시적인 관점에서 예측하였다. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is the most promising polymer in additive manufacturing as an alternative to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Since it is produced from renewable resources such as corn starch and sugar beets, it is also biocompatible and biodegradable. However, PLA has a couple of issues that limit its use. First, it has a comparatively low glass transition temperature of around 60 ℃, such that it exhibits low thermal resistance. Second, PLA has low impact strength because it is brittle. Due to these problems, scientists have found methods to improve the crystallinity and ductility of PLA. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most studied plasticizers for PLA to give it chain mobility. However, the blend of PLA and PEG becomes unstable, and phase separation occurs even at room temperature as PEG is self-crystallized. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the optimal mixing ratio of PLA-PEG at the molecular scale. In this study, molecular dynamics will be conducted with various ratios of L-type PLA (PLLA) or DL-type PLA-PEG (PDLA-PEG) systems by using BIOVIA Materials Studio.

2019년 민간 LNG 발전사 실적분석

한송희(Songhee Han),전지수(Jisoo Jeon),김은환(Eunhwan Kim),문경섭(Kyungseup Moon) 대한전기학회 2020 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10