An Explainable Deep Learning Approach for Oral Cancer Detection

Babu P. Ashok,Rai Anjani Kumar,Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga,Nithyasri A.,Sangeetha S.,Kshirsagar Pravin R.,Rajendran A.,Rajaram A.,Dilipkumar S. 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

With a high death rate, oral cancer is a major worldwide health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Timely detection and diagnosis are crucial for efective prevention and treatment. To address this challenge, there is a growing need for automated detection systems to aid healthcare professionals. Regular dental examinations play a vital role in early detection. Transfer learning, which leverages knowledge from related domains, can enhance performance in target categories. This study presents a unique approach to the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer that makes use of the exceptional sensory capabilities of the mouth. Deep neural networks, particularly those based on automated systems, are employed to identify intricate patterns associated with the disease. By combining various transfer learning approaches and conducting comparative analyses, an optimal learning rate is achieved. The categorization analysis of the reference results is presented in detail. Our preliminary fndings demonstrate that deep learning efectively addresses this challenging problem, with the Inception-V3 algorithm exhibiting superior accuracy compared to other algorithms.

Iodine Supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala Diet for Goats. II. Effects on Blood Metabolites and Thyroid Hormones

Rajendran, D.,Pattanaik, A.K.,Khan, S.A.,Bedi, S.P.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.6

Twelve adult male goats, comprising of six castrated and six intacts, (2.5-3 years; $24.4{\pm}0.62kg$) were randomly but evenly divided into two groups ($I_0$ and $I_{100}$) and fed conventional concentrate mixture along with Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (100 g/head approx.), the latter to supply 50 per cent of the crude protein (CP) requirements. The $I_{100}$ group was provided with supplemental iodine as potassium iodide solution at 0.1 mg/day/animal. Wheat straw was provided ad libitum as sole source of roughage during the experimental period of 105 d. Blood samples were collected at the begining (0 d) and thereafter at 30, 60 and 90 d of experimental feeding. The study revealed that the serum glucose level was significantly higher (p<0.01) in $I_{100}$ group as compared to $I_0$. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase did not show significant differences as a result of iodine supplementation. Though the serum levels of triiodothyronine ($T_3$) were comparable between the two groups, that of thyroxine ($T_4$) increased significantly (p<0.001) in the $I_{100}$ group. The $T_3:T_4$ ratio was also similar between both the groups. The study indicated that the adverse effect of Leucaena feeding on thyroid gland could possibly be alleviated by provision of extra iodine. However, this needs further confirmation using long duration studies.

Effect of Si Nanoparticles on the Corrosion Protection Performance of Organic Coating on Carbon Steel in Chloride Environment

A. Madhankumar,S. Nagarajan,N. Rajendran,T. Nishimura 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.6

This work examines the effect of silicon (Si) nanoparticles on the corrosion protection performance of epoxy coating over carbon steel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The EIS was performed in a 0.1 M NaCl solution after a wet/dry cyclic corrosion and continuous immersion test. The addition of Si nanoparticles increased the film resistance (Rf) and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the coated steel. The surface analysis showed that uniform and fine Si-Fe complex oxides layers were formed acting as barrier layers that enhanced the corrosion protection of the coated steel in the wet/dry cyclic corrosion test. The results of the EIS of the coated steel with Si nanoparticles suggested that Si nanoparticles play a beneficial role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of organic coated steel.

Iodine Supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala Diet for Goats. I. Effects on Nutrient Utilization

Rajendran, D.,Pattanaik, A.K.,Khan, S.A.,Bedi, S.P.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.6

Twelve indigenous male goats, comprising of six intact and six castrated (2.5-3 years; $24.4{\pm}0.62kg$) were assigned evenly into two dietary treatments, viz. $I_0$ and $I_{100}$ and were used to study the effect of supplementation of iodine on the nutrient utilization when their diet contained Leucaena leaf meal. They were offered a conventional concentrate mixture along with Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, the latter to meet 50% of their crude protein (CP) requirements, and supplemented with either no iodine ($I_0$) or 0.1 mg of iodine ($I_{100}$)/day/animal as potassium iodide for a period of 105 days. Wheat straw given ad libitum was the sole source of roughage. A metabolism trial of 8 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. It was observed that the overall dry matter (DM) intake during experimental period was higher (p<0.05) in $I_{100}$ group as compared to $I_0$ group (508.6 vs. $443.7g\;d^{-1}$). The intake of CP, digestible crude protein (DCP) and metabolisable energy (ME), although non-significant, tended to be higher in the iodine supplemented group, $I_{100}$. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract and crude fiber (CF) did not differ (p>0.05) between the treatments. However, nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.01) in $I_{100}$ than $I_0$ with the values being 2.63 and $1.70g\;d^{-1}$, respectively. No difference (p>0.05) was evident in the retention of calcium and phosphorus between the two groups. The castrated animal exhibited lower DM intake concurrent with higher digestibility of DM and crude fibre (p<0.05), and organic matter and total carbohydrates (p<0.01) when compared to intact ones. It was concluded that supplementation of iodine to leucaena based ration may help in improving the DM intake and nitrogen utilization by goats.

Rambutan peels promoted biomimetic synthesis of bioinspired zinc oxide nanochains for biomedical applications

Yuvakkumar, R.,Suresh, J.,Saravanakumar, B.,Joseph Nathanael, A.,Hong, S.I.,Rajendran, V. Pergamon 2015 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.137 No.-

A naturally occurring rambutan peel waste was employed to synthesis bioinspired zinc oxide nanochains. Rambutan peels has the ability of ligating zinc ions as a natural ligation agent resulting in zinc oxide nanochains formation due to its extended polyphenolic system over incubation period. Successful formation of zinc oxide nanochains was confirmed employing transmission electron microscopy studies. About 60% and ~40% cell viability was lost and 50% and 10% morphological change was observed in 7 and 4days incubated ZnO treated cells compared with control. Moreover, 50% and 55% of cell death was observed at 24 and 48h incubation with 7days treated ZnO cells and hence alters and disturbs the growth of cancer cells and could be used for liver cancer cell treatment.

In-situ growth of 3D Cu-MOF on 1D halloysite nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for simultaneous sensing of dopamine and paracetamol

Devaraj Manoj,Saravanan Rajendran,Tuan K.A. Hoang,Sabah Ansar,주상우,Yasser Vasseghian,Matias Soto-Moscoso 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.112 No.-

Three-dimensional (3D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) a class of porous materials with tunablestructure and surface functionality has arisen as electrode materials especially, for electrochemical sensingof analytes. However, MOFs possess intrinsic drawbacks such as poor conductivity with an agglomerationof particles, which restricted the electrochemical signal response in terms of sensitivity anddetection limits. In this regard, the present work aims to develop conducting Cu-MOF on HNTs, a goodsubstate for in-situ growth of MOF nanostructures due to the existence of abundant negatively chargedSi-OH that can help the growth of nanosized MOFs. The negatively charged siloxane (Si-O-Si) groupson the surface of HNTs can be attracted by positive charged Cu2+ ions present in the reaction mixturethrough strong electrostatic attraction. When subjected to hydrothermal treatment, the Cu2+ ions canform nano-sized Cu-MOF particles with assistance from 2-methylimidazole. Moreover, the presence ofgraphene oxide (GO) can improve the electrical conductivity, large surface area, and thus resulting inthe formation of conducting Cu-MOF/HNTs/rGO nanocomposite. Owing to the synergetic desirable propertiesof active metal sites and high porosity offered by Cu-MOF, the high conductivity of rGO, and thelarge surface area of HNTs, the resultant Cu-MOF/HNTs/rGO modified GC electrode demonstrates superiorelectrochemical signal response towards dopamine and paracetamol. Moreover, the developed sensorexhibits wide linear ranges of 0.1 lM–130 lM and 0.5–250 lM, with a low detection limit of 0.03 lMand 0.15 lM for dopamine and paracetamol, respectively.

Effects of prematuration culture with a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor on oocyte morphology and embryo quality in in vitro maturation

Mohammed Ashraf Cheruveetil,Prasanna Kumar Shetty,Arya Rajendran,Kamini A Rao,Muhammed Asif 대한생식의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.48 No.4

Objective: The study assessed the developmental potential of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) after prematuration culture with cilostamide (a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor) and the impact of cilostamide exposure on the morphology of meiosis II (MII) oocytes and subsequent embryo quality. Methods: In total, 994 oocytes were collected from 63 patients. Among 307 GV oocytes, 140 oocytes were selected for the experimental group and 130 oocytes for the control group. The denuded GV-stage oocytes were cultured for 6 hours with cilostamide in the experimental group and without cilostamide in the control group. After 6 hours, the oocytes in the experimental group were washed and transferred to fresh IVM medium. The maturational status of the oocytes in both groups was examined at 26, 36, and 48 hours. Fertilization was assessed at 18 hours post-intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Embryo quality was assessed on days 3 and 5.Results: In total, 92.1% of the oocytes remained in the GV stage, while 6.4% converted to the MI stage (p<0.01) after cilostamide exposure. In both groups, more MII oocytes were observed at 36 hours (25.8% vs. 21.5%) than at 26 hours (10.8% vs. 14.6%) and 48 hours (13% vs. 7.9%) (p>0.05). With the advenet of cilostamide, blastocyst quality was better in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cilostamide effectively blocked nuclear maturation and promoted cytoplasmic growth. Prematuration culture with cilostamide enabled synchronization between cytoplasmic and nuclear maturity, resulting in better blastocyst outcomes.

Simple and rapid synthesis of polyaniline microrods and its electrical properties

D. Ragupathy,이수출,Salem S Al-Deyab,A. Rajendran 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4

We report a facile and surfactant assisted synthesis of polyaniline microrods (PANI-MR) by ‘‘single-step chemical oxidative polymerization’’ method. The morphology of the PANI-MR was investigated by fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The average diameter of single PANI-MR was calculated to be 1.3 mm. The physiochemical characterization was examined using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrical conducting property of the PANI-MR was analyzed using four-probe measurement method.

Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation

Kumar K. Sambath,Rajendran A. 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.5

Glioma is one of the primary brain tumors, and it grows within the brain substance. The manual segmentation of gliomas takes more time and may involve human mistakes. This study proposes automatic segmentation based on a deep neural network (DNN). It reduces computational time and extends the survival rate due to prior treatment plans. The proposed Double ConvNet (DCN) architecture segments gliomas from 2D multi-modal images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It contains two different U-Net architectures. Net-1 provides easier optimization than plain deep networks and eliminates degradation issues. Net-2 compiles multi-scale contextual information and generates more detailed information. The proposed model improves performance compared to state-of-the-art models.

Rice husk ash nanosilica to inhibit human breast cancer cell line (3T3)

Yuvakkumar, R.,Nathanael, A. Joseph,Rajendran, V.,Hong, S. I. Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of sol-gel science and technology Vol.72 No.1