Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

오 기억을 산출하는 단어 목록 규준

박영신,박희경,김기중 가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Roediger와 McDermott(1995)는 목록 내 제시되지 않은 단어들에 대해 오 회상하거나 오 재인하는 현상을 연구하기 위한 목록을 만들었다. 실험 참가자들은 결정적 유인단어(Critical lure 혹은 결정적 타켓 Critical target)라 불리는 목록 내 제시되지 않는 단어와 의미적으로 연합되어 있는 15개 단어들로 구성된 24개 목록을 학습했다. 참가자들은 이 목록들의 결정적 타켓에 대한 오 회상과 오 재인 반응을 빈번히 산출해 냈다. 오 기억 현상을 연구하기 위한, Deese, Roediger와 McDermott(DRM) 과제 패러다임을 적용할 수 있는 한글 목록이 개발되었다. 총 24개의 단어 목록은 의미적으로 연합된 10개의 단어 항목들로 구성된 의미 목록 12개와 모양적으로 연합된 단어 항목들로 구성된 모양 목록 12개였다. 본 연구의 목적은 DRM 패러다임에 적용할 수 있는 한글 목록에 대한 규준 자료를 제공하는 것이다. 개발된 24개 목록의 결정적 타켓에 대한 오 회상율과 오 재인율을 조사한 결과, 의미 목록의 전화와 모양 목록의 단소에 대해서는 24% 이상의 오 회상율이 나타났고, 의미 목록 군대와 모양 목록 문장에 대해서는 70% 이상의 오 재인율이 보고 되었다. 그러나, 의미 목록 노래와 모양 목록의 경고는 2%정도의 오 회상율과 20%의 오 재인율을 나타냈다. 목록들 간의 오 기억 산출 효과성 차이에 대해 논의되었다. 이 규준 자료는 국내 후속 오 회상과 오 재인에 관한 실험 연구 설계에 유용한 기준 자료를 제공할 것이다. Roediger and McDermott(1995) developed a set of lists inducing false recall and false recognition for words that were not presented in lists, which was intended to study false memory phenomenon. The subjects study 24 lists of 15 words that were associates of a word(called the critical lure or critical target) that was not presented in the list. The subjects frequently produced false recall and false recognition of the critical target in response to these lists. Applying Deese, Roediger, & McDermott(DRM) paradigm, Korean 24-word lists to study false memory were developed. 12-word lists were consisted of semantically associated 10 word items, and the other 12-word lists were consisted of orthographic associates. The purpose of the present study was to provide normative data for Korean word lists which were developed to apply DRM paradigm. The results of the test for the critical target were as follows: 24% of more of subjects falsely recalled phone in semantic lists and danso(Korean flute) in orthographic lists, and more than 70% falsely recognized army and sentence in each of both list types. However, the song in semantic lists and the warn in orthographic lists generated 2% false recall and 20% false recognition. The possible explanations of differences in effectiveness of the lists was discussed. These norms serve as a useful benchmark for designing experiments about false recall and false recognition in future.

한국인 안검의 생체계측지

박동만,송중원,한기환,강진성 大韓成形外科學會 1990 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.17 No.5

Plastic surgeons who frequently deal with trauma and deformity of the eyelids and orbits, need have an abundant knowledge of the accurate anatomical morphology and acceptable proportion of them. The normal value of the anatomical morphology and function of the eyelid has not yet been standardized in Korea. The authors measured anthropometry of normal Korean eyelids and statistically analysed in 2,151 individuals including 1,078 male and 1,073 female. Statistical analysis of these measurements offers valuable information about the chronological growth, size, and shape of healthy Korean eyelids. The results are as follows : 1. There was no significant statistical difference between the right and left sides in all measurements. 2. The growth of the eyelid reached the adult level at about 20 years of age and then the growth can be divided into 3 patterns, the first one slowly increased, the seconded one was a stationary, and the last one slowly decreased. 3. The following statistics were recorded for males and females. The cornea-lateral canthal distance was 7.9mm and 7.3mm, the diameter of the cornea was 13.8mm and 13.6mm cornea-medial canthal distance was 7.8mm and 7.5mm the horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure was 29.7mm and 28.4mm, the vertical dimension of the palperbral fissure was 7.9mm and 8.0mm, the slant of the palperbral fissure was 9.5 degrees an 10.6 degrees, the intercanthal distance was 36.5mm and 37.2mm, the width of the glabella was 24.4mm,. and 24.1mm, the interpupillary distance was 66.1mm and 63.9mm, the ectocanthion-superior margin of the palpebral fissure distance was 14.9mm and 14.2mm, the endocanthion-superior margin of the palpebral fissure distance was 14.9mm and 14.2mm, the height of the opened upper eyelid was 10.3mm and 10.0mm, the height of the closed upper eyelid was 18.2mm and 18.1mm, levator function by the Berke's method was 16.2mm and 15.6mm, MLD was 7.2mm and 7.1mm, and MRD1, was 2.7mm and 2.6mm respectively. 4. The vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure, slant of the palpebral fissure, and height of the double eyelid fold were greater in females than males. The intercanthal distance and width of the glabella was nearly the same in males and females and other measurements were greater in males than females. 5. A double eyelid fold was seen in about 36% of males and 50% of females. The average height of the double eyelid fold with the eye closed in 20 year old females was 5.2mm and 30 to 50 year old females was 5.5mm. The most frequent shape of the double eyelid fold was type 5. 6. The epicanthus was present in 58.1% in this series and existed in over 90% under age 10, but disappeared in about 90% of the people over 50. The most frequent shape of the epicanthus was tarsalis type.

인라인 스케이트 T300m 출발동작 분석

박기범,양정옥,이중숙 한국운동역학회 2003 한국운동역학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Park, K-B, Yang, J-O and Lee, J-S. An Analysis of Starting Motions in Time 300m Inline Skating. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 123-137. This study is to present more effective starting skills through analysis of kinematic characteristics of starting motions in 300m Time Trials of Inline Skating. To achieve this goal, 6 athletes, 3 in the national team and 3 in business teams were chosen and their starting motions were examined with three-dimensional image analyses. The results of analyses in regard of positions and speed of the bodily center and angles, angular velocity, and linear velocity of articulations of lower limbs by sections of starting motions are as follows; In case of the central position, though it is effective to reduce the air resistance by lowering the upper part of the body maximumly, it is reasonable to accelerate by raising the upper part of the body to some degree for the running posture at the lower speed in the starting section. In the starting section, it is efficient to minimize the period of time in touching the ground. For this, it is necessary to train for taking motions without slippage while touching the ground. While 3 athletes in business teams kicked the ground as running right after the starting, the others in the national team slid on the ground. As the number of steps increased, the movable speed changed quickly. Thus he movable speed of athletes in the national team indicated big differences in two to three steps. If these factors are well supported, the push-away starting method might be better than the running starting method in terms of improvement of records.

포스트-텐션 프리캐스트 외부 넓은 보-기둥 접합부의 비탄성 거동

박상욱,최윤철,김영찬,김대중,임재형,권기혁,문정호,이리형 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

Experimental results from the cycle lateral load tests for post-tensioned precast wide beam-column connections were presented. Six exterior beam-column assemblages of half scale were tested in the laboratory. The specimens consist of U-shaped precast wide beams and concrete columns. The continuity at the beam-column joint is achieved with the topping concrete and post-tensioning. The specimens were designed with parameters of the beam-to-column depth ration and the number of tendons within column core. The test results showed that the post-tensioned precast wide beam-column connection satisfied the provisional standard by ACI of acceptance criteria for concrete special moment frames.

한국인 인슐린의존형 당뇨병 및 혈관합병증의 발생 양상

박중열,이기업 울산대학교 의과대학 1993 울산의대학술지 Vol.2 No.2

오 재인과 실제 재인에 미치는 정서의 효과

박영신,박희경,김기중 가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

제시되지 않은 단어에 대한 오 재인 현상에서 정서의 효과를 알아보기 위해, 의미 목록과 모양 목록을 가지고 DRM 패러다임에 따라 두 개의 실험이 진행되었다. 의미 목록과 모양 목록 모두는 부정ㅈ거인 정서가를 갖는 결정적 유인 단어들과 관련된 단어 항목들과 중성적인 정서가를 갖는 결정적 유인 단어와 관련된 항목들로 구성되었다. 실험 1에서 피험자들은 의미 목록을 학습 한 후, 재인 검사를 받았고, 실험 2의 피험자들은 모양 목록을 학습 한 후, 재인 검사를 받았다. 분석 결과, 의미 목록 실험에서 피험자들은 학습 목록보다 높은 오 기억율을 보인 반면, 모양 목록에서는 학습 목록보다 더 낮은 오 기억율을 보였다. 또 의미와 모양 목록 두 실험에서 피험자들은 정서 목록에 대해 높은 기억율을 보였다. 그러나, 정서는 오 기억과 실제 기억에 상이한 영향을 미쳤는데, 오 기억에 있어서 정서 목록과 중성 목록간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 실제 기억에서는 두 실험 모두에서 정서 목록에 대해 높은 수행율이 관찰되었다. 의미적으로 뿐만 아니라 모양적(혹은 음운적)으로 활성화된 정서는 오 기억과 실제 기억에 상이한 효과를 일으켰다. 본 실험 결과들은 오 기억 현상에 대한 fuzzy trace 이론을 지지한다. 실험 결과의 시사점이 논의되었다. The effect of emotion on true and false recognition was investigated in two experiments. The issue of false memory, or memory for events that never happened, or recollections of words that never occurred in the study phase of the experiment(Roediger & McDermott, 1995) has reported much findings of its inevitability. To investigate the effect of emotion with respect to false recognition, two experiments with semantic lists(experiment 1) and orthographic lists(experiment 2) using DRM paradigm were designed. Both experiments consisted of study session and recognition test session. In the study phase, the participants studied 80 words in 8 lists which were consisted with semantically associated or orthographically associated items. Then participants were asked to recognize if each of the presenting 160 stimuli contained 8 critical lure items(not presented in the study phase) and list items was old or new during recognition test. Both semantic lists and orthographic lists included word items associated with negative emotionally charged critical lures and non-emotional critical lures half and half. False recognition occurred at a higher rate than true recognition in Semantic lists experiment. By contrast, in orthographic lists experiment, false recognition showed a lower rate than the true recognition. The participants showed higher memory rates on emotionally charged lure items. However, emotional valence had different effect on false recognition and true recognition. There was no-emotion related difference between emotional lure items and non-emotional lure items in false recognition. On the contrary, emotional list items yielded higher levels of true recognition than non-emotional list items. Not only semantically activated emotion but orthographically(or phonologically) activated one had different effects on false and true memories. In short, emotion enhanced true memory but had no effect on false memory, which seems to suggest that these findings serve as a support of fuzzy trace theory for the explanation of false memory phenomena. A further implication was discussed as well.

해수에서 분리한 Vibrio sp. M-96 균주의 열감수성 alkaline phosphatase 성질

박문경,진덕희,김중균,공인수,김광현,홍용기 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

A thermolabile alkaline phosphatase has been purified through steps of osmotic shock, ammonium sulfate salting-out, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography from the cultured broth of the marine Vibrio sp. M-96 strain. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity was 35℃. The optimal pH was pH 11.0, and the range of pH stability was pH 10.4 to 12.0. Thermal inactivation occured within 6 minutes at 60℃. The enzyme was considerably inactivated by 0.1mM concentrations of Hg^2+, Ni^2+ and Zn^2+, whereas activated up to 234% by 1mM of Mn^2+. The activation energy and deactivation energy by the Arrhenius equation were 4.02 Kcal/mol and 9.09 Kcal/mol, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for p-nitrophenylphosphate were found to be 0.0465mM and 0.001335mM/min. respectively. Active from of the enzyme had a molecular weight of 57,000 dalton determined by the Sephadex G-200 gel filtration method.

중금속오염을 고려한 온산만 조간대 및 아조대의 무척추동물 군집분석

박중기,이인숙,박경숙,송준임,최병래,노분조 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

한국 동해연안의 하나인 온산만 지역의 해양오염 실태를 파악하기 위해 저서동물 군집구조에 대한 정성, 정량적 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 조사지역별 습중량-개체수의 누적 κ-dominance curve 변화양상을 근거로 판단해 분석한 결과, 온산만의 내만에 위치한 춘도는 여름, 겨울 오후에 ()어서 오염지역으로, 대조군인 당사는 비오염지역,()각각 판정되었다. 이외에도 조사지역별 출현() () 있어서 대조구인 당사지역에 비해 춘도의 생물상이 ()대적으로 빈약하였으며 연체류중 패각만 채집된 ()에 있어서도 각각 춘도에서 16종, 당사에서는 (0로 커다란 차이를 나타내었다. 온산만에 대한 이러한 저서동물 군집결과는 이 주변의 비철금속 및 석유화학 공업단지로부터 ()입된 중금속으로 인하여 해수 및 생물농축량이 누적됨으로써 나타나는 중금속의 높은 농도와 관련이 있을 것으로 추측된다. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of macrozoobenthic communities sampled from Onsan bay of the eastern coast of Korea were conducted, in this study, to investigate the status of marine pollution. In each survey site, judging from the results of the combined κ-dominance curve for species biomass and individual numbers, it may be assessed that Chundo island, located in innerside of Onsan bay, was in the state of polluted condition both in the summar and winter seasons; on the other hand, Tangsa, the control site of this study, was in the state of unpolluted condition. The species composition of the Chundo island, in addition, was rather lower than that of the Tangsa in richness and showed critical differences with the control site in the number of molluscan species collected as dead shell(16 spp. from Chundo island; 2spp. from Tangsa respectively) It is inferred that the resultant macrozoobenthic community structure of the Onsan bay was related to the high concentration of heavy metals in seawater and bioaccumulation, attributed to the influx of the heavy metals from the surroundings, the nonferrous and the petrochemical industrial complex.

PC12 세포에서 Sertraline을 위시한 항우울제에 의한 칼슘길항 유사효과

박기창,공인덕,정해숙,한준규,박규상,이중우,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

본 실험에서는 PC12 세포를 신경세포 모델로 형광물질인 fura-2 및 bisoxonol을 이용하여 세포내 유리 칼슘이온 농도 및 막전압을 각각 측정하여 화학구조가 서로 다른 몇몇 항우울제가 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로의 활성화 및 ATP를 통한 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로의 활성화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제의 하나인 sertraline은 60mM KCI 자극 및 100μM ATP 자극에 의한 [Ca²+]i의 증가를 억제하였으며 이때 IC50 값은 각각 2.5μM과 5.3μM이었다. 2) 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로 및 ATP에 의한 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로의 억제효과는 sertraline을 비롯한 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제나 삼환계 항우울제인 경우 크나, 비전형 항우울제인 trazodone 이나 MAO 억제제인 moclobemide의 경우에는 효과가 미미했다. 3) Sertraline 자체는 농도 의존적으로 지속적인 막전압의 탈분극을 유발하였으며 이에 따라 안정시의 세포내 유리 칼슘이온 농도를 일부 증가시켰다. 4) Sertraline에 의한 칼슘이온 농도 증가효과는 일부 세포내 Ca²+ 저장소로부터 동원이 관여하나 주로 세포막을 통한 칼슘유입에 의해 일어난다. 5) 여러 항우울제 중 sertraline에 의한 탈분극 효과가 가장 컸으며 그 외의 선택적 serotonin 재섭취 억제제, 삼환계 항우울제들은 탈분극 효과가 있었으나 비전형 항우울제인 trazodone은 일부의 효과를 그리로 MAO 억제제인 moclobemide는 막전압에 전혀 영향을 주지 않았다. 6) ATP는 일시적인 탈분극을 유발하였는데 sertraline 전처지로 탈분극 효과가 억제되었으며 이때 IC50는 30μM이었다. 7) ATP에 의한 세포내 칼슘이온 농도의 증가는 nimodipine에 의해 일부만 억제되었으나 sertraline을 함께 투여한 경우에는 그 억제 효과가 훨씬 더 증가하였다. 이상의 실험결과로 미루어 보아 항우울제 중에서 sertraline을 비롯한 선택적 serotonin 재흡수 억제제나 삼환계 항우울제들은 신경세포를 지속적으로 탈분극 시키고 세포내 유리 칼슘농도를 증가시키는 한편 막전압 의존성 칼슘통로와 수용체 의존성 칼슘통로를 차단하여 그 효과가 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. It has been known that antidepressants have calcium antagonist-like action in neuronal tissues. However, their mechanisms are still obscure. For the study of neurochemical mechanism of antidepressants, the authors examined the effects of antidepressants(1-100μM) on the intracellular Ca²+ concentration ([Ca²+]i) and the membrane potential in PC12 cells using fluorescent dyes, fura-2/AM and bisoxonol, respectively. The results were as follows : 1) Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI), inhibited the increment of [Ca²+]i induced by high 60 mM KCl and 100μM ATP with an IC50 value of 2.5μM and 5.4μM, respectively. 2) SSRIs(sertraline, paroxetine and fluoxetine) and tricyclic antidepressants(imipramine and amitriptyline) had strong effects on the inhibition of both voltage-dependent Ca²+ channel and receptor-dependent Ca²+channel, whereas atypical antidepressant(trazodone) and MAO inhibitor(moclobemide) had little effects. 3) Sertraline itself depolarized the membrane potential in a sustained manner depending on its own concentration and it also increased the basal level of [Ca²+]i. 4) The increment of [Ca²+]i might be induced partly by the release from the intracellular calcium store, but mostly induced by the calcium transport through membrane. 5) Among those antidepressants tested, sertraline was the most potent one, Other SSRIs(paroxetine and fluoxetine) and tricyclic antidepressants(imipramine and amitriptyline) were moderately potent. Atypical antidepressant(trazodone) had little effects, and MAO inhibitor(moclobemide) had no effect on the depolarization. 6) External application of ATP induced temporary depolarization. This effect was blocked by prior treatment with sertraline with an IC50 value of 30μM. 7) The increment of [Ca²+]i through voltage-dependent Ca²+ channel was almost inhibited by a selective calcium channel blocker(nimodipine). However, the ATP-induced increment of [Ca²+]i was partially inhibited by nimodipine. These inhibitor effects were potentiated by the addition of sertraline. In the light of these results, it is likely that SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants could show the blocking effects on both voltage-dependent and receptor-dependent calcium channel by depolarizing neuronal cell membrane potential in a sustained manner and by increasing intracellular free calcium level.