獨逸法上의 計劃確定決定의 集中效

朴鍾局 한국공법학회 2003 公法硏究 Vol.32 No.1

Sowohl zu den Planungsinstrumenten als auch zu den Instrumenten der direkten Verhaltenssteuerung la¨ßt sich die Planfeststellung rechnen. Die Rechtsprechung hat sie wiederholt dem Bereich der Planung zugeordnet. Das Ziel der Beurteilung der Zula¨ssigkeit eines einzelnen Vorhabens ru¨ckt die Planfeststellung indes in die Na¨he der Genehmigung. Die Durchfu¨hrung eines Planfeststellungsverfahrens (§§72ff. VwVfG) und dessen Abschluß durch Planfeststellungsbeschluß oder Plangenehmigung ist nicht nur ha¨ufig bei der Ero¨ffnungskontrolle von umweltrelevanten Großvorhanben gesetzlich angeordnet. Mittlerweile gibt es auch eine Reihe von Planfeststellungen mit umweltschutzspezifischem Charakter (Vgl.§31 Abs. 2 u. 3 KrW-/AbfG;§31 Abs. 2 u. 3WHG; §9b Atomgesets). Unterschiede zur Genehmigung liegen vor allem in der Weite der ejeweiligen Entscheidungsspielra¨ume und in der Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens. Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨sse und Plangenehmigungen zeichnen sich ferner durch ihre Konzentrationswirkung aus (§§67 Abs. 1; 74 Abs. 6 S.2 VwVfG). Jeder Erlaubnis kommt Gestattungswirkung zu. Daneben kann sie aber entsprechend den einschla¨gigen Vorschriften privatrechtsgestaltende Wirkung (Ausschlußwirkung) und Konzentrationswirkung haben. Privatrechtsgestaltende Wirkung hat eine Erlaubnis etwa, wenn sie den Betrieb der Anlage nicht nur o¨ffentlich-rechtlich zula¨ßt, sondern auch privatrechtliche Anspru¨che Dritter gegen den Betrieb abschneidet (vgl.§14 BlmSchG;7 Abs. 6 Atomgesetz;§11 WHG). Eine Konzentratioinswirkung kann in den Fa¨llen gesetzlich angeordnet werden, in denen ein bestimmtes Verhalten mehrere Erlaubnisse bedarf. Nach außen ist dann nur eine einzige Erlaubnis notwendig, welche die anderen Entscheidungen mit einschließt. Das setzt verwaltungsintern wechselseitige Beteiligungen und die Herstellung von Einvernehmen unter den zusta¨ndigen Beho¨rden voraus. In speziellen Fachgesetzen ist z. T. vorgesehen, daß es neben der Erteilung anderer Erlaubnisse und Genehmigungen einer gesonderten Erteilung der Baugenehmigung nicht mehr bedarf und diese Erlaubnisse und Genehmigungen damit eine Konzent-rationswirkung besitzen. So schließt gem.§13 BImSchG eine nach Maßgabe der §§4ff. BIm SchG I. V. mit der 4. Verordnung zur Durchfu¨hrung des BImSchG vom 14. 3. 1997 (BGBI. I, S.504) notwendige immissionsschutzrechtliche Genehmigung die Baugenehmigung ein. Fu?r eine Genehmigung nach §7 AtG gilt dies nur dann, wenn entweder die anzunehmende Landesbauordnung die Konzentrationswirkung anordnet (z. B.§48 Ⅲ 1 BW LBO) oder gem.§8 Ⅱ 1 AtG, wenn die atomrechtliche Genehmigung zugleich einer Genehmigung nach§4 BImSchG bedarf. Entsprechendes ist fu¨r Erlaubnisse nach den aufgrund des§11 Gera¨tesicherheitsgesetz erlassenen Vorschriften z. B. in§48 Ⅲ 1 BW LBO angeordnet. Eine Konzentrationswirkung kommt gem.§§75 I 1, 74 VI 2 VwVfG auch Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨ssen und Plangenehmigungen zu. Die Entbehrlichkeit einer Baugenehmigung bedeutet dabei nicht, daß die bauordnungsrechtlichen Bestimmungen fu¨r die Erteilung der aufgrund anderer Gesetze mit Konzentrationswirkung ausgestatteten Erlaubnisse und Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨sse irrelevant sind. Vielmehr sind sie grundsa¨tzlich auch beim Erlaß der in den Fachgesetzen geregelten Erlaubnisse, Genehmigungsverfahren sowie bei Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨ssen zu beachten. Das Ziel des streng formalisiert ausgestalteten Verwaltungsverfahrens, das mit dem Planfeststellungsbeschluß endet, besteht darin darin, die durch den Bau einer Straße vielfa¨ltig beru¨hrten, oftmals kollidierenden Belange einander verha¨ltnisma¨ßig zuzuordnen und auszugleichen. Ausgehend von dieser Vorgabe wird das Planfeststellungsverfahren in haltlich insbesondere von den Grundsa¨tzen der Problembewa¨ltigung und ger gerechten Abwa¨gung beherrscht, vgl.§17 Abs. S.2 FStrG. Der Grundsatz der Problembewa?ltigung begru¨ndet die Verpflichtung, im Rahmen eines Planfeststellungsbeschlusses eine einheitliche Planungsentscheidung zu treffen. Ein Vorbehalt spa¨terer Planerga¨nzung ist als Ausnahme von diesem Gebot nur dann zula¨ssig, wenn der Vorbehalt ausdru¨cklich im Planfeststellungsbeschluß enthalten ist und seinerseits die Grenzen planerischer Gestaltungsfreiheit, insbesondere das Abwa¨gungsgebot, beachtet,§74 Abs. 3 VwVfG. Eine enteignungsrechtliche Planfeststellung ist subsidia¨r gegenu¨ber anderen Planfeststellungsverfahren, die zwingend vorgeschrieben oder in das Ermessen der Planfeststellungsbeho¨rde gestellt sind. Auch der enteignungsrechtliche Planfeststellungsbeschluß ist ein Verwaltungsakt, gegen, den die Betroffenen die gleichen Rechtsschutzmo¨glichkeiten wie gegen einen straßenrechtlichen Planfeststellungsbeschluß haben. Im Gegensatz zu diesem entfaltet er jedoch keine Genehmigungs und Konzentrationswirkung. Folgendermaßen ist der Inhalt der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG; Ⅰ. Einleitung Ⅱ. Rechtsgrund der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsverfahren im VwVfG. Ⅲ. Gegenstand der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG. Ⅳ. Grad der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG. Ⅴ. Schlußbemerkung.

현역 군인 발생을 중심으로 본 2000년도 국내 삼일열 말라리아 발생 현황

박재원,김영아,염준섭,유정식,양병국,채종일 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Since 1997, the annual case occurrence of vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea have exceeded 1,000 cases since 1997. The military is thought to be an important source of the current outbreak. We collected various informations about malaria cases (soldiers, veterans and civilians) which occurred in 2000, and analyzed the characteristics of the current outbreak. Methods : Informations about malaria cases of soldiers, veterans and civilians, including name, age, sex, day of onset, region, etc., were collected through the National Institute of Health. Results : Out of total 4,141 cases, 1,288 (31.1%) occurred in the military, 1,273 (30.7%) occurred among the veterans, and 1,580 (38.2%) occurred among civilians. The monthly case occurrence reached its peak in early August. Areas such as Cheolwon, Yeoncheon and Paju showed the highest prevalence. Conclusion : It is considered that the current malaria outbreak has escaped from the exponential growth phase, however, more attention should be paid to prevent further spreading of malaria infection. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:280∼284, 2001)

급성 신부전증을 초래한 Wegener씨 육아종증 1례

박일,임영국,최성도,임현성,정종훈,문철웅 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

호흡기 증상과 급성신부전증이 발생된 환자에서 혈액검사, 혈청학적 검사, 방사선학적 검사, ANCA test 및 신생검을 통하여 Wegener씨 육아종증을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 본질환이 재발하는 경우는 cyclophosphamide에서 azathioprine으로 치료약을 바꾸었을때나 특히 ANCA 반응이 양성으로 지속시 발생한다. Godman과 Churg는 상기도의 괴사성 육아성 병변, 하기도의 괴사성 혈관염, 국한성 신사구체염을 진단의 지표로 삼았다. 특히 상기도 점막의 생검 소견상 괴사성 육아성 혈관염이 보이면 일단 본 증을 의심하고 폐 생검과 신 생검이 필요로 한다. Wegener's Granulomatosis is an uncommon disease which is characterized by granulomatous vasculitis of both lung and kidney. Although the cause is unknown, it's suggesting that disordered immunity with both antibody and cell-mediated tissue damage occurs. The disease affects patients of any age. Characteristic clinical manifestations are diverse but in clude saddle nose deformity, sinusitis, productive coughing, myalgia, fever etc. Characteristic laboratory abnormalities include elevated ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia and positive test for ANCA test. Renal biopsy is important for diagnosis. The treatment of choice is a combination of corticosteroid and cytotoxic agent. A53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of productive coughing, short of breathing, oliguria, nausea, and vomiting. Three months ago, she was suffered from general weakness, poor appetite, tingling sensation on extremity, and loosely stool. Twenty days ago, above symptoms were aggravated, she admitted local clinic. Six days ago, because of CBC showed anemia , she was done transfusion. During transfusion, she was developed urticaha then productive coughing, dyspnea, increased serum BUN and creatinine levels. She was transferred to our hospital under the impression of ARF. On the admission, she was chronic ill-looking appearance with pale conjunctiva, tachypnea, dyspnea, and cold sweating. We have checked the patient by CBC, serum and serologic test, X-ray, ANCA test, renal biopsy. With renal biopsy microscopic examination study revealed necrotizing vasculitis, We treated a combination therapy with methyl-PDS and cyclophosphamide. She had a good response. So we report wegener's granulomatosis with the review of relevant literature.

내용기반 이미지 검색을 위한 문자-에지 맵의 특징을 이용한 자연이미지에서의 텍스트 영역 추출

박종천,황동국,이우람,권교현,전병민 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.2

자연이미지에 포함된 텍스트는 많은 중요한 정보를 포함하고 있다. 그러므로 자연이미지에서 텍스트를 추출할 수 있다면 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 문자-에지 맵 패턴 히스토그램을 분석함으로서 텍스트 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계로, Canny 에지 검출기로 에지를 추출하여 16가지 에지 맵을 생성하고, 두 번째 단계로 16가지 에지 맵을 조합하여 문자 특징을 갖는 8가지 문자-에지 맵을 생성한다. 세 번째 단계로 8가지 문자-에지 맵과 16가지 에지 맵을 이용하여 텍스트 후보 영역을 추출 하고, 마지막으로 텍스트 후보 영역에 대한 검증은 문자-에지 맵의 패턴 히스토그램 및 텍스트 영역의 구조적 특징을 이용하여 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 방법은 복잡한 배경, 다양한 글꼴, 다양한 텍스트 컬러로 구성된 자연이미지에서 텍스트 영역을 효과적으로 추출하였다. The text to be included in the natural images has many important information. Therefore, if we can extract the text in natural images, it can be applied to many important applications. In this paper, we propose a text region extraction method using pattern histogram of character-edge maps. In the first step, we extract edges with the Canny edge detector and create 16 kinds of edge maps from the extracted edges. In the second step, we make 8 kinds of character-edge maps that has a character features with combination of edge maps. In the third step, we extract a text regions using 8 kinds of character-edge maps and 16 kinds of edge maps. Finally, verification about candidate of the text regions uses pattern histogram of character-edge maps and structural features of text regions. The proposed method is experimented with various kinds of natural images. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts a text regions composed of complex background, various letters, various text colors effectively.

원자력발전소 PSI/ISI 데이터 관리를 위한 지능형 데이터베이스 프로그램 개발(제2보)

박은수,박익근,엄병국,이종포,한치현 한국비파괴검사학회 2000 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.20 No.3

제 1보에서 Windows 환경 하에서 PSI/ISI 데이터의 효율적 관리 및 다원적평가와 분석이 가능한 고리 원전 PSI/ISI 데이터베이스 구축과 프로그램 개발(IDPIN)에 대해 소개하였다. 제 2보에서는 월성 원자력발전소 PSI/ISI 자료 관리를 위한 지능형 데이터베이스 프로그램(WS-IDPIN)을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램에는 월성 원전 PSI/ISI 관련 자료 분석 기능, PSI/ISI UT 검사 보고서 양식의 표준화와 전산 시스템화, PSI/ISI 비파괴검사 결과의 통계적 신뢰도 평가 프로그램(depth and length sizing performance 등) 등을 개발하여 원전 PSI/ISI 데이터 관리 전문가시스템(expert system)화에 한 단계 접근하였다. In a previous paper, we have discussed the intelligent Windows 95-based data management program(IDPIN) which was developed for (effective) and efficient management of large amounts of pre-/in-service inspection(PSI/ISI) data of Kori nuclear power plants. The IDPIN program enables the prompt extraction of previously conducted PSI/ISI conditions and results so that the time-consuming data management, painstaking data processing and analysis of the past are avoided. In this study, the intelligent Windows based data management program(WS-IDPIN) has been developed as an effective data management of PSI/ISI data for the Wolsong nuclear power plants. The WS-IDPIN program includes the modules of comprehensive management and analysis of PSI/ISI results, statistical reliability assessment program of PSI/ISI results(depth and length sizing performance etc), standardization of UT report form and computerization of UT results. In addition, the program can be further developed as a unique PSI/ISI data management expert system which can be part of the PSI/ISI total support system for Korean nuclear power plants.

말뚝이 매입된 연약지반의 변형거동

裵鍾淳,權正烈,鄭晳允,朴卿局 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

When embankment is constructed on soft ground, lateral displacements and consolidation settlements develops. When load work on the soft clay ground, we can earn the following result through model test that is the lateral displacement by the piles embedded distance(L) and the piles spacing rate(s/D). 1. As increasing L and s/D, the maximum heaving height(HH Max) of the ground was also increasing, and the maximum heaving distance(HL Max) became far from the end of the load. 2. As L and s/D was increasing, the maximum of the lateral displacement(SL Max) became increasing, and The location of the maximum lateral displacement(SL Max) occurred in the -0.17~-0.28B spot regardless L and s/D. 3. HH Maxof the ground is proportional to SL Max

버팀지지대의 선행하중에 따른 흙막이벽의 거동특성

裵鐘淳,權正烈,權敏載,朴卿局 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Urban excavation require highly reliable prediction technique for the design and construction of earth retaining structures in order to protect adjacent structures around deep excavation. Application of the pre-loading of bracing for deep excavation has been reported and known beneficial in reducing settlement behind the retaining wall. But this beneficial effects are net fully understood and recognized by many practitioners. Model tests have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of pre-loading system in reducing ground settlement as well as adjacent structural damages around excavation in sand. The test results revealed that the applied pre-loading of approximately 50% showed effective reduction in the maximum lateral wall displacement and the maximum magnitude of ground surface settlements, Also, bracing forces and earth-pressure distribution behind the wal1 have been monitored during pre-loading at various excavation swages.

음향방출기술에 의한 밸브누설평가 연구(1)

이상국,이선기,이준신,박종혁 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The objective of this study is to estimate the feasibility of acoustic emission method for the internal leak from the valves. In this study, valve leak tests using various types of specimen simulated seat damage were performed in order to analyzer acoustic emission properties when leaks arise in valve seat. As a result of leak test for specimens simulated valve seat, we conformed that leak sound level increased in proportion to the increase of hole diameter and leak velocity, and decreased in proportion to the increase of leak depth. And also, leak sound level has hysteresis for leak velocity. From the experimental results, it was suggested that the acoustic emission method for monitoring of leak was feasible.

Gumbel-Chow 法에 의한 確率渴水量의 誘導 및 比較 分析

李淳赫,朴鐘國 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1992 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was carried out far getting reasonable design drought flows which can be contributed to the hydrologic design criterion of various hydraulic structures by comparative analysis between the results of Gumbel-Chew method and those of Weibull distribution which was studied by author already. Annual drought flows were used for the analysis of drought flows frequency at the three watersheds of Geum, Nag Dong and Yeong San river basins. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Basic statistics were calculated for the analysis of Gumbel-Chow methed. 2. The frequency factors according to the return periods were evaluated to get probable drought flows for the research watersheds. 3. Probalble drought flows were derivated by the Gumbel-Chow method. 4. Comparing Gumbel-Chow method with Weibull distribution, it was found out that the former haute larger values than these of the latter within five years of return periods, and vice versa over the years of return periods at the research watersheds. 5. In comparison with the observed and the two kinds of results, probable drought flows by Weibull method were shown to be closer to the observed than

모터 제어ㆍ감시를 위한 Monitoring Device 개발

정도영,박영록,심낙순,박종국,허규환 삼척대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

A motor used as power source by factory has a relay panels up to recently. But they have the problems of operating and maintenance, such as mechanical contracts, etc. They also need some additional relays to check the over load, over currents and ground faults. But in the development of computers the relay panels to control motor are changed by electrical motor controllers with microprocessor or DSP. They can check the event, the over load, over currents and ground faults and also supervise the trend and state of operating. In this paper, a monitoring devices for the control and supervision of motor has been presented and developed.