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Raziq Fazal,Hussain Jibran,Ahmad Sohail,Asif Hussain Muhammad,Khan Muhammad Tahir,Ullah Assad,Qumar Muhammad,Wadood Fazal,Gull-e-Faran 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.3
Objective: Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. Methods: With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. Results: In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors—aside from catalase—were extremely significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group.
Muhammad Naeem,전미연,Obaid Ur Rahman,Fazal Rahim,Muhammad Naeem,강창수 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.10
Retinitis punctata albescens (RPA) is an ocular disease characterized by decreased visual acuity, night blindness, atropic maculopathy, and pigmentary retinopathy. Multiple genes have been linked to the etiology of RPA. In this study, we investigated the genetic causes of RPA in a consanguineous Pakistani family with multiple affected individuals. We performed whole-exome sequencing of seven family members, and screened variants co-segregating with RPA in recessive fashion. Bioinformatic and in silico analyses revealed that all affected individuals were homozygous for a novel mutation that substitutes glycine with arginine at position 66 (c.196 G[C) in exon 2 of the lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) that converts all-trans retinol to 11-cis retinal in the retinal pigment epithelium. This mutation was not present in 217 unrelated Pakistani control subjects nor in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database containing exome data from 60,638 individuals worldwide. Mutations in the LRAT gene were previously found from the patients with Leber congenital amaurosis and retinal dystrophy, however, we report first time that disruptions in this gene are also associated with RPA.
Muhammad Amir,Tahir Fazal,Javed Iqbal,Aamir Alaud Din,Ashfaq Ahmed,Asim Ali,Abdul Razzaq,Zulfiqar Ali,Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman,박영권 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-
The expensive carbonaceous substrates including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubeshave been coupled with ZnO to improve the properties and photocatalytic performance of carbon basedZnO photocatalysts. To replace these expensive materials, biochar offers as a low-cost alternative to preparebiochar-based photocatalysts. In this study, Calotropis gigantea leaves derived biochar-ZnO (BC-ZnO)composites were synthesized to overcome the ZnO related problems (charge recombination, wider bandgap, and poor visible light absorption). Different BC-ZnO (BCZ-1–3) composites were characterized toevaluate their intrinsic properties and composites were employed to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). BCZ-3composite exhibited slower recombination of electron-hole pairs, lower band gap (2.97 eV), and betterlight absorption in visible region than ZnO. The enhanced adsorptive-photocatalytic degradation efficiencywas attained up to 98.5% using BCZ-3 than BC (46.2%) and ZnO (41.4%). The O2 and OH radicalswithin BCZ-3 are dominant reactive species indulged in CIP photocatalytic degradation. BCZ-3 photocatalystexhibits 80% degradation of CIP after four regeneration cycles. The maximum adsorption capacitywas achieved 54.18 mg g1 for BCZ-3 than BC (46.20 mg g1) and ZnO (15.55 mg g1). The results showthat BCZ-X composites can be used as stable, efficient, economical, and sustainable composite for therecovery of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Evaluation of Humic Acid Application Methods for Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean
Waqas, Muhammad,Ahmad, Bashir,Arif, Muhammad,Munsif, Fazal,Latif Khan, Abdul,Amin, Muhammad,Kang, Sang-Mo,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Lee, In-Jung 'Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.' 2014 American journal of plant sciences Vol.5 No.15
Chlorodifluoromethane (R22) Gas and Its Mixtures with CO2/N2/Air as an Alternative to SF6
Saleem Muhammad Zaheer,Kamran Muhammad,Amin Salman,Ullah Rahmat,Abbas Kharal Hafiz Shafqat,Nasimullah,Muhammad Fazal,Rahman Taqi ur 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3
SF 6 has been extensively deployed in high voltage gas insulated equipment to be used as a dielectric medium since 1960 because of its excellent dielectric strength and arc interruption performance. This research proposes promising substitute of SF 6 , by investigating a refrigerant gas such as Chlorodifl uoromethane (CHClF 2 ) with a mixture of CO 2 /N 2 /Air to mitigate environmental hazards of SF 6 . R 22 has less atmospheric life and low cost as compared to SF 6 . It has less GWP (1,810) as compared to SF 6 (23,900). In this research, the AC and DC breakdown properties of R 22 mixtures along with varying ratios of CO 2 , N 2, and Air were investigated. The best alternative to SF 6 has been found to be a mixture of R 22 + N 2 which is close to 81% of SF 6 dielectric strength. The dielectric strength of diff erent optimal mixtures was found in the order of SF 6 > R 22 + N 2 > R 22 + Air > R 22 + CO 2 under AC voltage at 0.4 MPa. Moreover, the boiling point and GWP were further reduced by adding the buff er gases such as N 2, , CO 2 , and Air. R 22 also has acceptable insulation self-recoverability and liquefaction temperature. The results of this study are promising in terms of low cost and environment-friendly alternative to SF 6 .
Shah Iftikhar Hussain,Manzoor Muhammad Aamir,Sabir Irfan Ali,Ashraf Muhammad,Haq Fazal,Arif Samiah,Abdullah Muhammad,Niu Qingliang,Zhang Yidong 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.4
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family includes a primeval gene family of secondary transporters that export toxins, extrude metabolites, and participate in plant defense mechanisms. However, lack of information regarding the MATE gene family in Cucurbitaceae, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the MATE family was carried out in four Cucurbitaceae species (Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, and Lagenaria siceraria), and 174 MATE genes were identified. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed that the Cucurbitaceae MATE transporters family could be further classified into seven subgroups (A–G). GO annotation-based subcellular localization analysis predicted that most of the MATE gene family members localized on the plasma membrane. Moreover, conserved motifs and gene structure (intron/exon) analysis revealed the functional divergence between clades. Transposed duplication events have played a key role in the expansion and evolution of the MATE gene family in Cucumis melo. Cis-acting elements analysis of MATE family genes revealed that these could be targeted by a diverse set of trans-acting factors involving the MATE gene family to manage diverse stress conditions. The Chromosomal localization and molecular characteristics (weight, length, and pI) were performed using numerous bioinformatics tools. Intraspecies microsynteny analysis demonstrated that maximum orthologous genes were found between A. thaliana, C. pepo, C. lanatus, and L. siceraria. Further, functional analysis of microRNAs demonstrated miRNAs are involved in the growth and regulation of MATE genes. Finally, eleven candidates MATE genes were selected randomly, and their expression analysis was carried out via qRT-PCR at 0 h and after 24 h of salt stress. Furthermore, transient CmMATE expression in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts showed that protein localized on the plasma membrane. This study provides insights into the functional analysis of the MATE gene family in Cucurbitaceae species and laid down the basic knowledge to explore the role and mechanism of the MATE gene family to cope with severe salt stress conditions.
Fazal Haq,Haojie Yu,Li Wang,Lisong Teng,Sahid Mehmood,Muhammad Haroon,Bilal-Ul-Amin,Shah Fahad,Md Alim Uddin,Di Shen 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.5
Cigarette industry plays an important role in the economy of the advanced countries. But the cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals such as phenol which causes various kind of diseases and affect human life. In this paper, we synthesized carboxymethyl starch grafted poly vinyl imidazole (CMS-g-PVIs) by reacting carboxymehtyl starch (CMS) with vinyl imidazole (VI). The structures of the CMS-g-PVIs were investigated by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The crystalline properties of the CMS and CMS-g-PVIs were checked by XRD. The thermal properties of the original CMS and CMS-g-PVIs were investigated by TGA analysis. It was found that the modified starches had high thermal stability due to aromatic imidazole ring. The modified starches also showed more rough and distorted morphology as compared to native CMS. The CMS-g-PVIs were subjected for phenol adsorption and showed adsorption efficiencies of 0.170 g/g, 0.190 g/g, 0.192 g/g and 0.199 g/g for CMS, CMS-g-PVI 1, CMS-g-PVI 2 and CMS-g-PVI 3, respectively. Due to higher grafting ratio, CMS-g-PVI 3 showed good adsorption efficiency of 0.199 g/g for phenol. The obtained results showed that the grafting of vinyl imidazole on CMS can increase the adsorption efficiency of native CMS towards phenol.