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조현덕,윤문철,박기서 한국공작기계학회 1997 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.6 No.1
Electrostatic precipitator is the equipment that separates dust particles from the gas in which they are suspended. Specially, for the construction of industrial electrostatic precipitator, the corporations would send the layout design to a customer to accept an order. Therefore, it is mae a detail drawing after accept ance. Since the layout design of electrostatic precipitator is very complex, it takes time and design errors are included. Thus, for competitiveness in these industries, the development of software for the layout design of electrostatic precipitator is important. In this study, the developed software deals with technical concept and layout design of industrial electrostatic precipitator. By using the software, design time was very short, design errors reduced largely, and the standardization of design could be carried out.
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김기은,조문구 又石大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.17 No.-
Five photosynthetic bacteria were finally isolated from nature. They showed higher degrading abilily of major organic acids in distillery wastewater such as acetic acid, propionicacid, and butyric acid under anaerobic light corditions(5,000lux, 30℃). Acetic and propionic acids were degraded in first, and then butylic acid was followed with the increasement of pH up to 8.5, All of the organic acids were completely degraded within 60 hours, and the highest value of the specific growth rate(μmax) was 0.29h^-1.
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곽재균,조은기,김행훈,윤문섭,석순종,김창영 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.2
1. Uzbekistan은 전통적인 농업국가로서 농업이 경제의 축이며 농촌인구가 60%,농업부문 종사자가 전 산업에서 차지하는 비율이 44%이고 농업생산이 GNP에서 차지하는 비중이 33%로서 비교적 높은 편이다. 2. 이 나라의 농업은 강우량이 적고 건조한 기후조건 때문에 주로 관개에 의존하고 있으며 안공수로와 저수지의 건설로 관개가능 면적은 430만㏊ 이고 충분한 수량만 확보된다면 700만㏊ 까지 경작이 가능하다. 농업생산은 목화, 밀, 벼, 포도, 채소, 멜론재배가 주종을 이루고 있으며 특히 일조시수가 3,000시간으로 매우 길고 일사량도 많아 목화, 고품질의 포도와 멜론 생산이 유명하다. 3. 축산업도 농업에서 중요한 부문으로 주로 유목에 의존하고 있으며 염소, 고기소, 젖소, 면양이 주된 가축이고 양잠업도 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 4. Uzbekistan은 맥류, 목화, 포도, 사과, 양파 등의 원산지 일 뿐만 아니라 박과 작물의 2차원산지로서 유전적 다양성이 풍부하고 특히 멜론은 많은 재래종 품종들이 분화되어 재배되고 있다. 5. Uzbekistan는 1995년 한·우즈벡 농업기술협력 가능성 조사 이후 1996년부터 양국간 유전자원 공동연구가 활발히 추진되고 있다 금후 인근 중앙아시아 각국과의 유전자원 또는 농업관련 공동연구를 수행함에 있어 우즈베키스탄을 전진기지로 활용하는 방안이 적극 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the central part of the middle Asia. The area of the Republic makes up 447.4 thousands ㎢ and about 60% of the country is semi-desert or desert with only 4.5 million hectares of the area cropped. The average temperature in July on the plains' territory varies from 26℃ in the North to 30℃ in the South, and the average temperature in January falls to as low as 0℃ in the South and to -8℃ in the North. Precipitation primarily occurs during the winter-spring period. Annual precipitation amounts to 80-200 ㎜ on the plains, 300-400 ㎜ in the foothills area and 600-800 ㎜ on the eastern and south-eastern slopes of the mountain ridges. Natural pastures occupy 50.1% of the total area of Uzbekistan, and 9.7%(4.3 Min. ha) of irrigated lands. Irrigated land is mainly cultivated for cotton, spiked cereals, rice and potato. Cotton plants occupy 36.5% of the cultivated areas and grain crops 39.5%. Given the abundance of solar radiation and heat, the major factor limiting the use of agroclimatic and land resources is a deficit of water. Agriculture in Uzbekistan was and still is the largest sector in Uzbekistan's economy. Agriculture and it's related industries account for approximately 33% of GDP, and 55% of the hard currency revenues of the country is related to Agriculture. Approximately 60% of the population resides in rural areas, and 44% of the work force is engaged in agricultural production. Uzbekistan is the world's fifth largest cotton producer and the second largest exporter. Cotton has been center to the economy because it accounts for about 50% of the country's export earnings. At the same time, however, cotton production has depended on vast amounts of irrigation, and this has had a possibly significant irreversible negative impact on the Aral Sea. The development strategy in the agricultural sector in the country is targeted at ensuring food and environmental security, while increasing the efficiency and export-potential of domestic production. According to the macroeconomic forecast, the agrarian sector will maintain its leading role in the economy (at 25% of GDP). To meet the strategic development goals by 2010, annual growth in agricultural output must be at least 5-6%.
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연약점토층 위에서 선행하중의 제거-재압축에 따른 점토지반의 거동
정성교,이남기,조기영,김문규 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.2
Little has been known about the characteristics of short-term and long-term resettlements on soft clay, such as elastic behaviour and secondary compression due to partial removal of preloading. In this study, different types of oedometer tests on a natural soft clay were peformed for examining such characteristics. As the results of the experiments, the characteristics of short-term and long-term resettlements such as rebound ratio, resettlement point and rate of secondary compression depends on the overconsolidation ratio(OCR) and preloading time. It is showed that resettlement point increased with increasing preloading, but such is not for rebound ratio and rate of secondary compression. This reason would be due to rearrangement of clay particles. And rebound ratio and resettlement point increased with increasing the OCR, but such is not for rate of secondary compression. The correlations between them is showed all the linear relations in a semi-logarithem or log-log plots, and then can be used for settlement prediction in field, as well its results can be compared with those of conventional method. from the comparative results of settlement prediction, it is found as follows : The amount of rebound due to partial removal of preloading and resettlement due to reloading are similar for both methods. But the amount of secondary compression due to partial removal of preloading by this correlation is rather overestimated than that of conventional method, because it would be underestimated the duration of primary consolidation. And for different loading histories, the compression is affected by strain rate(ε_(v)), that is, the compression increases with decreasing strain rate.
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Cho, Moon Gi,Seo, Sun-Kyoung,Lee, Hyuck Mo The Japan Institute of Metals 2009 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.50 No.9
<P>The undercooling, microstructures and hardness of Sn-rich Pb-free solders changed by a reaction with Cu-<I>x</I>Zn alloy under bump metallurgy (UBM) were investigated and compared to those of solders with Cu UBM. The investigation was based on four types of Sn-rich solders (pure Sn, Sn-0.7Cu, Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu, where the numbers are all in mass percent unless specified otherwise) and three types of UBMs (pure Cu, Cu-10Zn and Cu-20Zn). The undercooling of the Sn-rich solders was reduced significantly by the reaction with the Cu-<I>x</I>Zn UBMs. A decrease of 21–27°C in the undercooling was obtained, whereas a decrease of only 10–16°C was obtained by the reaction with Cu UBMs. In the Sn-rich solders after the reactions with the Cu-<I>x</I>Zn UBMs, there was a barely perceptible large growth of primary intermetallic compound phases, such as Cu<SUB>6</SUB>Sn<SUB>5</SUB> and Ag<SUB>3</SUB>Sn; moreover, there were a large increase in the volume fraction of the eutectic phases and a coarsening of β-Sn dendrites. In addition, the Sn-rich solders with Cu-<I>x</I>Zn UBMs showed a large increase in hardness. These changes in the undercooling, microstructures and hardness are discussed in terms of the compositions of Sn-rich solders changed by the interfacial reactions with Cu-<I>x</I>Zn UBMs.</P>
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Cho, Moon Gi,Kang, Sung K.,Seo, Sun-Kyoung,Shih, Da-Yuan,Lee, Hyuck Mo Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2009 Journal of materials research Vol.24 No.2
<P>A significant reduction of the undercooling of Sn-based solder alloys was previously reported when they were reacted with various under bump metallurgies (UBMs). In the present study, new experiments have been designed and carried out to understand the undercooling behavior of various Cu- and Ni-doped solders on Ni UBM. Two competing mechanisms were further investigated that include the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at solder/UBM interface and the change of solder composition because of the dissolution of Ni UBM into solder. Two types of IMCs, including both Ni3Sn4 and Cu6Sn5 that were formed at the interface, were correlated with the undercooling of Sn-0.2Cu and Sn-3.8Ag-0.2Cu solders. In addition, the compositional changes of various Sn-based solders after reactions with Ni UBM were analyzed. On the basis of the experimental results, it was found that the significant reduction in undercooling is primarily caused by dissolved Ni atoms from Ni UBM and the concurrent formation of Ni3Sn4 IMC in the solder matrix. Finally, the beneficial effect of Ni dissolution is thermodynamically favorable as confirmed by the thermodynamic calculations and differential scanning calorimetry measurements with various Ni-doped solder alloys.</P>
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신문수,최문철,조기홍,김한규,조경기 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.3
A clinical analysis and follow-up study were performed with 35 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology among 217 cases of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage who were diagnosed by cerebral pan-angiography and brain C-T scan and treated at department of neurosurgery, Chonju Presbyterian Medical Center from 1977 to 1982. The duration of follow-up study was 6 months to 8 years (mean 4.4 years). The author obtained the following results. 1) Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology was 16% of 217 cases of spontaneous hemorrhage. 2) The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology was high in 5th decade and higher in women. 3) Manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology were similar to those of ruptured aneurysm. 4) When primary cerebral pan-angiography was normal, the secondary cerebral pan-angiography was not so meaningful. 5) The overall prognosis of the cases of unknown etiology was good in 30 among 35 cases (86%) who were able to return to their previous occupation. 6) Age and blood pressure were probably major prognostic factor.
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