수종의 광독성 약물투여 후 시간에 따른 피부농도 및 최소 광독량에 관한 연구

박윤기,조무연,한승경,임성빈 ( Yoon Kee Park,Moo Yon Cho,Seung Kyung Hann,Sung Bin Im ) 대한피부과학회 1991 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.29 No.5

N/A The Skin Concentration and Minimal Phototoxic Dose Following Administration of Phototoxic Drugs as a Function of Time Yoon-Kee Park, M.D., Moo Yon Cho, M.D., Saung Kyung Hann, M.D., Sungbin im, M.D. Department of Dermatology Yonsei Univeraity College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Psoralen photochemotherapy(PUVA) is defined as a treatment that depends on the interaction of a photosensitizing substance, psoralen, and long wave jltraviolet(UVA) radiation that results in therapeutically beneficial effects. The rationale of its use is to clear skin disease by repeated controlled phototoxic reactions. The efficacy of PUVA depends on the drug, the UVA dose and wave length, the individual sensitivity to the phototoxic reaction and on the disease to be treated. However, the major factor is the amount of psoralen at the site of photochemical reaction in skin. Daspite the extensive experiences which have now accumulated in the use of PUVA, the relationship between the therapeutic response and phototoxicity as it occurs in normal skin is not established. Comparative data on different psoralen molecules and their skin sensitizing ability are required. From studies on the skin concentration using HPLC and minimal phototoxic dose following oral administration, intraperitoneal administration, a bath of phototoxic drugs as a function of time in guinea pigs, the following results are obtained. 1. The skin concentration of phototoxic drugs after oral administration peaked at 1.5 hours, and the concentration of 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP) was 3.7 times greater than that of 5-methoxypsoralen(5-MOP). The skin concetration of 4,5,8-trimethylpsoralen(TMP) was not detected in this study(limit of sensitivity 5ng/g). 2. The skin conentration of phototoxic drugs after intraperitoneal administration peaked at 30 minutes, and the concentration of 8-MOP was slightly greater than that of 5-MOP. The skin concentration of TMP was not detected in this study(limit of sensitivity 5ng/g). 3. The skin concentration of phototoxic drugs after bathing peaked immediately after bathing, and the skin concentrations of phototoxic drugs after bathing decreased in the order of 5-MOP, TMP, and 8-MOP. 4. The minimal phototoxic dose of phototoxic drugs after oral administration was lowest at 1.5 hours, and the minimal phototoxic dose of 8-MOP was 8 times less than 5-MOP, 24 times less than TMP. The phototoxicity of 8-Mop after oral administration was strongest. The time of lowest phototoxic dose and highest skin concentration was the same. 5. The minimal phototoxic dose of phototoxic drugs after intraperitoneal administration was lowest at 30 minutes, and the minimal phototoxic dose of 8-MOP was 1.3 times less than 5-MOP, 5.7 times less than TMP. The phototoxicity of 8-MOP after intraperitoneal administration was strongest. The time of lowest phototoxic dose and highest skin concentration was same. 6. The minimal phototoxic dose of phototoxic drugs after bathing was lowest at 15 minutes. The minimal phototoxic dose of 8-MOP was not significantly different but was significantly greater than that of 5-MOP.

C3H 생쥐에서 자외선 B의 집중조사와 분할조사가 표피내 랑게르한스 세포의 회복에 미치는 영향

구상완,한승경,박윤기,조무연 ( Sang Wahn Koo,Seung Kyung Hann,Yoon Kee Park,Moo Yon Cho ) 대한피부과학회 1991 대한피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

N/A The Effect on the Recovery of Epidermal Langerhans Cells in C3H Mice after Single and Fractionated Exposure of Ultraviolet B Irradiation Sang-Wahn Koo, M.D., Seung Kyung Hann, M.D., Yoon-Kee Park, M.D., Moo Yon Cho, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea The study was undertaken to see the recovery in epidermal Langerhans cells in relation to time after UVB irradiation through different amounts and ways of exposure in C3H mice. We irradiated the ears of C3H mice with UVB 200mJ/㎤ and 400mJ/㎤ in a single dose at one time and 5 fractionated doses for 5 days and 10 fractionated doses for 10 days and performed biopsies on the ears of the control and experimental groups after, 2, 7, 14, 21 days of irradiation and stained them by the immunoperoxidase method. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A more significant decrease in the number of Ia-positive epidermal Langerhans cells was observed in single-dose-exposed group than fractionated-dose-exposed groups on the second day of irradiation. 2. On the seventh day of exposure, the number of the Ia-positive epidermal cells in single-dose-exposed group returned to normal, but in fractionated-dose-exposed groups the number of Langerhans cells decreased most remarkably. 3. In fractionated-dose-exposed groups, the number of Langerhans cells returned to normal on the 14th or 21st day of expposure. (Kor J Dermatol 29(4) : 459-465, 1991)

DEA 첨가 금속 Alkoxide를 사용한 PZT 박막의 제조 및 특성 평가

윤화중,임무열,구경완,최명진 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.1

Lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium iso-propoxide and titanium iso-propoxide used for the starting material to fabricate PZT coating solution. Iso-metoxy-ethanol used for the solvent of the starting material. Adding diethanolamine formed the chelate compound and prevented the hydrosis of coating solution. The coating sol solution is changed to M-O-M structure polymer gel by adding H_2O, and the polymer gel has the more strong bonding force. The cross-sectional SEM micrograph of PZT thin film showed that the metal of lower electrode was silicated with SiO_2 of buffer layer. The SIMS depth profile for PZT thin film indicated that the metal of lower electrode and silicon was diffused up to the upper part of PZT thin film. For the X-RD data of PZT thin film, the thin film on Pt substrate and with Ti buffer layer had strong perovskite phase. The PZT thin films measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit showed feroelectric characteristic representating D-E hysterisis curve. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film was 1.92 C/㎠ and 33.3kV/㎝. I-V characteristic curve showed that the leakage currents and break down voltages of PZT thin films on Ni/SiO_2/Si, Ti/SiO_2/Si, Pt/SiO_2/Si substrate was 1.43 × 10 exp (-10) A/㎠, 1.19×10 exp (-10) A/㎠, 2.28×10 exp (-10) A/㎠ and 0.334 MV/㎝, 0.33 MV/㎝, 0.11 MV/㎝ each. C-V curve indicated dielectric constant 57 The resistance antiresonance frequency of PZT film was 612 ㎒, and the resistance was 14 ㏀ at that frequency.

베이지안 강건성에 대한 고찰

윤용화,김경무,송필준 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1993 과학교육 Vol.6 No.-

진동 센서용 압전 박막의 제조 및 그 특성 분석

윤화중,서일환,구경환,임무열,이진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1993 연차보고서 Vol.1993 No.-

졸-겔 spin-coating법을 이용하여 PZT 압전 박막을 제작하고 그 물리적 및 전기적 성질을 평가하여 진동 측정용 센서로서의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. PZT의 원료로는 Pb-acetate, Zr-propoxide 그리고 Ti-propoxide를 사용하였다 SEM 단면사진의 결과 하부전극 금속이 silicate화 하였고, SIMS 분석결과 Si와 하부전극의 금속이 PZT 박막의 상층부까지 확산된 것을 알 수 있었다. X-RD로 박막의 결정성을 조사한 결과 하부전극을 Pt로 한 박막과 buffer 층으로 Ti를 증착한 박막에서 강한 perovskite 상이 나타났다. D-E Hysterisis 곡선을 관찰한 결과 강유전성을 나타내며, 항전계는 33.3 ㎸/㎝, 잔유분극은 1.92 C/℃ 이었다. 박막의 비유전율은 57이었다. 박막의 resistance와 impedance의 반공진 주파수는 612 ㎒이고, 이때의 resistance 값은 14 ㏀이었다. 박막의 진동에 대한 주파수 응답 곡선을 측정 결과 12000 ㎐ 이하 저주파 영역에서는 응답 특성이 떨어지고 12000 ㎐ 이상의 어느 정도 높은 주파수 영역에서 응답 특성이 양호하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 20000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V)의 진동에 대해 151.4 ㎶의 응답을 나타내었다. PZT thin film was prepared by Sol-Gel spin-coating method and it's physical and electrical caracteristics were appreciated. Pb acetate, Zr propoxide and Ti propoxide used for the starting material to fabricate PZT coating solution. The cross-sectional SEM micrograph showed that the metals of lower electrode was silicated. The SIMS depth profile indicated that the metal of lower electrode and silicon diffused up to the upper part of PZT thin film. For the X-RD data of PZT thin film, the thin film on Pt substrate and with Ti buffer layer had strong perovskite phase. The PZT thin films measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit showed feroelectric characteristic representating D-E hysterisis curve. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film was 1.92 C/㎠ and 33.3kV/㎝. Dielectric constant of Film is 57. The resistance and impedance antiresonance frequency was 612 ㎒, and the resistance was 14 ㏀ at that frequency. The frequency response curve of PZT film showed that the PZT film responded sensitively at the high frequency, and response voltage of PZT film was 151.4 ㎶ at 20,000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V) frequency.

진동 센서용 3성분계 압전 박막의 제조 및 그 특성 분석(Ⅱ)

윤화중,서일환,구경완,임무열,이진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

3성분계 PZT 압전박막의 출발물질로는 Pb acetate, Zr propoxide, Ti propoxide, Ni acetate, Nb ethoxide를 사용하였고, 용매로는 iso metoxy ethanol을 사용하였다. 가수분해를 방지하기 위해 coating 용액에 diethanolamine을 첨가하여 chelate화합물을 형성하였고, coating 전에 H_2O를 첨가하여 M-O-M 구조의 polymer gel이 형성되도록 하여 내구성이 강한 박막을 제작하였다. Coating 용액의 열중량 분석 결과, 건조 온도는 90℃∼120℃, 예비소결 온도는 300℃∼400℃가 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 박막의 SEM 단면 촬영 결과, 하부기판과 하부전극 사이의 TiN-Ti-TiN buffer층이 박막과 하부 기판과의 반응을 막아주어 막이 잘 형성되었으며, 각 계면에서도 별다른 이상이 발견되지 않았다. X-RD로 박막의 결정성을 조사한 결과 Pt 기판과 Pt/TiN-Ti-TiN/Si 기판 공히 550℃의 소결에서 결정성이 가장 양호하며 600℃ 이상에서는 과소결 되는 것으로 판단된다. D-E Hysterisis 곡선을 관찰한 결과 이 박막은 강유전체임을 확인했으며, 항전계는 28.8 ㎸/㎝, 잔유분극은 18.3 μC/㎠ 이었다. 박막의 I-V 특성 결과는 다음과 같다. ◁표 삽입▷(원본을 참조하세요) 3성분계 PZT 박막의 C-V 특성곡선을 측정한 결과 각 조성비에 대한 비유전율은①(50:40:10)은 406, ②(50:30:20)은 1084, ③(45:35:20)은 723, ④(40:40:20)은 316이었다. In order to make the three compound piezoelectric thin film, the Pb acetate, Zr propoxide, Ti propoxide, Ni acetate, Nb ethoxide are used as starting materials, and iso metoxyethanol was used as a solvent. After DEA (diethanolamine) is added in to the solution, the coating solution and chelate compound are made in order to the phenomenon of hydrosys was prevented. Before coating, H2O was added in to the solution, the polymer gel which is M-O-M structure was formed, and then the strong durable film was made. As a result of the analysis by TGA, dry temperature was between 90℃ and 120℃, presintering temperature was indicated between 300℃ and 400℃. As a result of observing the SEM cross section of the film in the pictures were taken, the reaction of membrane and substrate caused by TiN-Ti-TiN buffer layers, and the abnormality was not detected in the boundary surfaces. As a result of checking of the X-RD film crystallization, the crystallization is best at 550℃ sintering and at 600℃ upper the over sintering is made on the both of Pt substrate and Pt/TiN-Ti-TiN/Si substrate. As a result of observing the D-E hysterisis curve, in the thin film the strong dielectricity was found and coercive field was 28.8 ㎸/㎝, the remanent polariztion was 18.3 μC/㎠. Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic chart is as following ◁표 삽입▷(원본을 참조하세요) As a result of measuring the C-V characteristic curve of the three compound piezoelectric thin film, the relative dielectric constant was ①(50:40:10)→406, ②(50:30:20)→1084, ③(45:35:20)→723, ④(40:40:20)→316.

Cadmium Sulfate가 肝組織에 미치는 影響에 관한 形態學的 硏究

윤강호,박경란,김수일,노승무,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Cadmium is well known toxic heavy metal which has been related with various pathologic conditions of liver, kindney, testis, cardiovascular system and central nervous system etc.. In this experiment, cadmium sulfate (1.2mg/100gm b.w.) was given intravenously into the mouse (Balb - C, b. w. 20 - 25gm) via tail vein for the study on morphological changes of liver. On the 8hours, 16hours and 24hours after administration, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, liver was removed, then, a part of liver was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, processed routinely, stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and observed under light microscope. Otherwise, the remainder portion of liver tissue was prefixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution, postfixed in the 1% osmium tetraoxide solution, embedded with Epon 840, and observed under transmission electron microscope(H-7000, Hitachi Co.). The results obtained were as followings ; 1. On light microscopic observation, hemorrhagic necrosis at the zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ with congestion of hepatic lobules were found. 2. On transmission electron microscopic observation, cisternal dilation of RER & SER, autophagic vacuoles, myelin figures, and certain electron dense materials within the hepatocytes were found. Although this observations were limited in mice, the above findings of its acute effects on liver morphology will serve morphological basis for the better understanding of toxic effects on liver after chronic exposure or multiple interactions with other toxic substances.

Paraquat 중독환자의 초기검사로서 sodium dithionite를 이용한 소변내 paraquat검출의 임상적 의의

윤갑준,임경수,이진웅,김영식,이부수,박덕우,김선만,이강현,황성오,안무업 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background : Mortality from paraquat intoxication depends upon plasma paraquat concentration. To know the severity of paraquat intoxication is important for directing therapeutic modality and predicting prognosis. Sodium dithionite test for urinary paraquat provides an easy and simple method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department. purpose : To determine whether the result urinary paraquat test by sodium dithionite can predict outcome in patients with paraquat intoxication in emergency department. Subjects : 48 patients(male 31, female 17, mean age 37 years) who had exposure to paraquat and presented within 24 hours after exposure. Result : Thirty five patients were positive in paraquat urine test and thirteen patients were negative. Clinical manifestations were more severe in positive patients than in negatives. Complication was much more in positives than in negatives. 28 of 35 patients(80%) in positives and 2 of 13 patients(15%) in negatives died. Conclusion : Positive test for urinary paraquat is associated with high mortality and morbidity from paraquat intoxication, and qualitative test for urinary paraquat by sodium dithionite is an useful method to determine the severity of paraquat intoxication in emergency department.

3成分界 壓電薄膜을 이용한 超高主波用 素子의 開發 및 그 特性 分析

尹和重,徐日煥,丘庚完,林武悅,李珍昊 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

유기금속을 사용한 졸-겔 스핀 코팅법으로 PZT-PNN 박막을 제조하였으며, diethanolamine을 안정화물질로 사용하였다. PT:PZ:PNN의 코팅 용액의 mol%는 각각 #1 (50:40:10), #2(50:30:20), #3(45:35:20), #4(40:40:20), #5(40:50:10), #6(35:45:20) 그리고 #7(30:50:20)으로 제조하였다 스핀 코팅된 박막의 잔류 유기물을 제거하기 위해 350℃에서 예비소결을 하였고, 박막의 결정화를 위해 450℃ ∼ 700℃에서 소결하였다. 백금 기판과 Pt/TiN/Ti/TiN/Si 기판 위에 박막을 성장하였으며, 500℃의 소결에서도 perovskite 상이 출현하였다. 결정성이 가장 양호한 소결온도는 700℃이었다. Sawyer-Tawer 회로를 이용하여 박막의 P-E 이력곡선을 관찰하였다. 박막의 항전계와 잔류분극은 각각 28.8 ㎸/㎝과 18.3 μC/㎠이었다. 유전상수 K는 128 ∼ 1120의 값을 나타내었고, 상경계(40:40:20 mol%)에서 최대값을 보여주었다. 박막의 진성파괴전압은 27.0 ∼ 60.0 MV/m이었으며, 소결온도가 올라갈수록 파괴전압은 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 결정성과 전기적 특성을 고려하면 550℃의 소결온도에서 박막의 특성이 가장 양호하다고 생각된다. #4 40:40:20 mol%의 박막을 이용하여 초고주파 필터를 제작하였다. ring-dot 분할전극형 필터의 경우 공진주파수는 435.26 ㎒이고 투과손실은 -0.20 ㏈이며, 반공진주파수는 1905.11 ㎒ 투과손실은 -34.30 ㏈이었다. 두께진동을 이용한 필터의 경우 공진주파수는 1035.17 ㎒ 투과손실은 -0.86 ㏈, 반공진주파수는 2310.07 ㎒ 투과손실은 -29.11 ㏈이며, 탄성표면파 필터의 경우 공진주파수는 228.28 ㎒ 투과손실은 -0.62 ㏈, 반공진주파수는 1352.86 ㎒ 투과손실은 -35.68 ㏈이었다. PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3-Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3)(PZT-PNN) thin films were been prepared from corresponding metal organics partially stabilized with diethanolamine by the sol-gel spin coating method. The each mol rates of PT:PZ:PNN solutions were #1(50:40:10), #2(50:30:20), #3(45:35:20), #4(40:40:20), #5(40:50:10), #6(35:45:20) and #7(30:50:20) respectively. The spin-coated PZT-PNN films were heat-treated at 350℃ for decomposition of residual organics, and were heat-treated at temperature between 450 ℃ and 750 ℃ for crystallization. The substrates, such as Pt and Pt/TiN/Ti/TiN/Si were used for the spin coating of PZT-PNN films. The perovskite phase was observed in the PZT-PNN films which were heat-treated at 500 ℃. The crystallization of the PZT-PNN films was optimized at 700 ℃ of sintering temperature. The P-E hysteresis curve was drawn by Sawyer- Tower circuit with PZT-PNN film. The coercive field and the remanent polarization of PZT-PNN film was 28.8 ㎸/㎝ and 18.3 μC/cm2 respectively. Its dielectric constants were shown between 128 and 1120, and become maximum value in MPB. The break down voltages of PZT-PNN films were shown between 27.0 and 60.0 MV/m. Crystalline and electrical characteristics of thin film indicate that characteristics of film is optimised at 550 ℃ sintering temperature. S.H.F. filter was made of #4 40:40:20 mol% thin film. For the case of ring-dot electrode type filter, resonance frequency and transmission loss were 435.26 ㎒ and -0.20 ㏈, and antiresonance frequency and transmission loss were 1905.11 ㎒ and -34.30 ㏈. For the case of thickness vibration filter, resonance frequency and transmission loss were 1035.17 ㎒ and -0.86 ㏈, and antiresonance frequency and transmission loss were 2310.07 ㎒ and -29.11 ㏈. For the case of SAW filter, resonance frequency and transmission loss were 228.28 ㎒ and -0.62 ㏈, and antiresonance frequency and transmission loss were 1352.86 ㎒ and -35.68 ㏈.

졸겔법으로 제작한 PZT-PNN 박막의 전기적 특성

윤화중,임무열,구경완 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.2

PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3-PbNi_1/3Nb_2/3O_3(PZT-PNN) thin films have been prepared from corresponding metal organics partially stabilized with diethanolamine through the sol-gel spin coating process. The each mol rates of PT:PZ:PNN sol solutions were #1(50:40:10), #2(50:30:20), #3(45:35:20) and #4(40:40:20). The spin-coated PZT-PNN films were heat-treated at 350℃ for decomposition of residual organics, and were heat-treated at temperature between 450℃ and 750℃ for crystallization. The substrates, such as Pt and Pt/TiN/Ti/TiN/Si were used for the spin coating of PZT-PNN films. The perovskite phase was observed in the PZT-PNN films which were heat-treated at 500℃. The crystallization of the PZT-PNN films was optimized at 700℃ of sintering temperature. The P-E hysteresis curve was drawn by Sawyer-Tower circuit with PZT-PNN film. The coercive field and the remanent polarization of PZT-PNN film was 28.8 kV/㎝ and 18.3 μC/㎠ respectively. Its dielectric constants K were shown between 128 and 1120, and become maximum value in MBP. The Curie pont of PZT-PNN film indicated 330℃ according to the measurement of dielectric constant. The break down voltages of PZT-PNN films were shown between 27.0 and 60.0 MV/m.