Retinoic acid induces expression of Ig germ line α transcript, an IgA isotype switching indicative, through retinoic acid receptor

Mi-Hee Park,박석래,Mi-Ra Lee,Young-Ha Kim,Pyeung-Hyeun Kim 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.1

Retinoic acid (RA) is considered to possess an activity of IgA isotype switching. Thus far, TGF-β1 is known to be the most powerful IgA isotype switch factor. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the Ig germ line (GL) α transcriptional regulation by RA, we constructed three different sizes of mouse GLα promoter reporters; short-GLα(-130/+14), middle-GLα(-448/+72) and long-GLα(-3028/+72). Based on luciferase assay, RA increased the activity of all three GLα promoter reporters by approximately 2-fold and the effect was further enhanced by TGF-β1. Overexpression of Smad3/4 increased TGF-β1-induced GLα promoter activities but had no effect on RA-induced GLα promoter activities. In order to analyze the characteristics of the RA-inducible GLα promoter region,we also constructed two mutant reporters: Smad3 binding elements (SBEs)-substituted short-GLα (short-GLα mSBE)and Runx3 binding elements (RBEs)-substituted short-GLα(short-GLα mRBE) promoter reporters. Promoter activities of the two mutant reporters to RA were comparable to that of wild type reporter, while those of the two mutant reporters to TGF-β1 were markedly diminished as compared to that of WT short-GLα. Finally, RA-induced GLα transcription was virtually disappeared by LE540, an antagonist of RA receptor (RAR). Taken together, these results suggest that RA induces GLα transcription mainly through RAR pathway, where neither Smad3/4 nor Runx3 is involved.

류마티스관절염 환자의 인슐린 저항성 결정인자

이정욱 ( Joung Wook Lee ),박영은 ( Young Eun Park ),조미라 ( Mi Ra Cho ),백승훈 ( Seung Hoon Baek ),김근태 ( Geun Tae Kim ),이준희 ( Jun Hee Lee ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2009 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased cardiovascular events. These may be related to insulin resistance (IR). We evaluated status of IR and analyzed the relationship between IR and clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with RA. Methods: We examined 52 RA patients (43 females) and 52 age and sex matched healthy controls. We measured Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) IR, calculated according to fasting serum glucose and insulin. Results: In patients, age was 50.8±10.2 years old, disease duration was 42.1±30.9 months. In controls, HOMA IR was 0.62±0.30 and in patients, it was 1.28±0.50. This difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Patients with early RA (disease duration is less than 36 months) were 28, and established RA (more than 36 months) were 24. HOMA IR was significantly higher in patients with established RA (1.42±0.45) than those with early RA (1.16±0.45) (p=0.03), and significantly correlated with disease duration (r=0.36, p=0.01), BMI (r=0.36, p<0.001), total cumulative prednisolon dose (r=0.34, p=0.01). Disease duration and BMI were independent predictors for HOMA IR (p<0.01, p=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with RA, IR measured by HOMA IR was more significantly increased than that of healthy control and significantly correlated with disease duration, BMI, and total cumulative prednisolon dose; however, the determinants of HOMA IR in RA patients were disease duration and BMI.

류마티스관절염과 만성 호산구성 폐렴에 동반된 호산구성 흉막삼출

지용관 ( Yong Gwan Jee ),라상호 ( Sang Ho Ra ),박유미 ( Yu Mi Park ),차재황 ( Jae Whang Cha ),강용석 ( Yong Seok Kang ),박정하 ( Jeong Ha Park ),강태영 ( Tae Young Kang ) 대한류마티스학회 2013 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.20 No.5

We describe a 48-year-old man with family history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affected by chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) with severe peripheral eosinophilia. CEP might develop as a complication of longstanding active RA. The patient with 5 months history of seropositive RA and chronic respiratory symptoms, alveolar and blood eosinophilia, peripheral pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusion on chest imaging. The lung may be involved as an extraarticular manifestation of RA. However, CEP is not recognized as a typical lung manifestation of RA, and the two diseases rarely coexist. The effusion was an eosinophil predominant exudates and was characterized by low pH, and glucose level and high lactic dehydrogenase. The patient responded rapidly to combination of steroids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

3′‐Sialyllactose as an inhibitor of p65 phosphorylation ameliorates the progression of experimental rheumatoid arthritis

Kang, Li‐,Jung,Kwon, Eun‐,Soo,Lee, Kwang Min,Cho, Chanmi,Lee, Jae‐,In,Ryu, Young Bae,Youm, Tae Hyun,Jeon, Jimin,Cho, Mi Ra,Jeong, Seon‐,Yong,Lee, Sang‐,Rae,Kim, Wook,Yang John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 British journal of pharmacology Vol.175 No.23

<P><B>Background and Purpose</B></P><P>3′‐Sialyllactose (3′‐SL) is a safe compound that is present in high levels in human milk. Although it has anti‐inflammatory properties and supports immune homeostasis, its effect on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of 3′‐SL on the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> models.</P><P><B>Experimental Approach</B></P><P>The anti‐arthritic effect of 3′‐SL was analysed with fibroblast‐like synoviocytes <I>in vitro</I> and an <I>in vivo</I> mouse model of CIA. RT‐PCR, Western blotting and ELISA were performed to evaluate its effects <I>in vitro</I>. Histological analysis of ankle and knee joints of mice with CIA was performed using immunohistochemistry, as well as safranin‐O and haematoxylin staining.</P><P><B>Key Results</B></P><P>3′‐SL markedly alleviated the severity of CIA in the mice by reducing paw swelling, clinical scores, incidence rate, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and autoantibody production. Moreover, 3′‐SL reduced synovitis and pannus formation and suppressed cartilage destruction by blocking secretion of chemokines, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_metalloproteinases and osteoclastogenesis <I>via</I> NF‐κB signalling. Notably, phosphorylation of p65, which is a key protein in the NF‐κB signalling pathway, was totally blocked by 3′‐SL in the RA models.</P><P><B>Conclusions and Implications</B></P><P>3′‐SL ameliorated pathogenesis of CIA by suppressing catabolic factor expression, proliferation of inflammatory immune cells and osteoclastogenesis. These effects were mediated <I>via</I> blockade of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Therefore, 3′‐SL exerted prophylactic and therapeutic effects and could be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.</P>

마우스에서 조합시험법에 의한 고려홍삼의 생식발생독성 평가

김미라, 박동선, 장자영, 신선희, 이예은, 백인정, 연정민, 이세라 , 남상섭, 황방연, 노재섭, 김순선, 조대현, 남상윤, 이범준, 김윤배, 윤영원 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2006 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.7 No.1

본문참조

The efficacy of bench-step aerobic program in reducing some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese women

이미라,김완수 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 人文科學硏究 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 12주 스텝운동 프로그램이 과체중(23 ㎏/㎡≤체질량지수<25 ㎏/㎡) 및 비만(체질량지수≥25 ㎏/㎡) 여성의 심혈관 위험 요인(비만관련 지표와 혈당 및 지질성분)에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 선발된 25명의 과체중 및 비만 여성 중 프로그램에 90% 이상 참여하고 프로그램 전과 후에 이루어진 검사를 수행한 15명의 프로그램 수행 전과 후의 비만관련 지표(체중, 체질량지수, 체지방율 및 총체지방), 혈당, 중성지방 그리고 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤을 비교하였다. 본 프로그램은 주 3회, 12주 동안 이루어졌고, 45분에서 60분 동안 예비심박수의 40/50%에서 50/60%의 운동 강도로 진행되었다. 운동량은 건강상의 이점 획득 목적으로 현재 권고되는 최소 운동량에 근거하여 결정되었다. 12주 스텝운동 프로그램 후 대상자의 체지방율이 유의수준에 가깝게 감소되었고(T=2.121, P=.052), 체중, 체질량지수와 체지방이 유의하게 감소되어(T=5.270, P=.000; T=2.658, P=.019; T=3.661, P=.003), 전반적으로 비만관련 지표에 미치는 효과가 지지되었다. 혈당(T=1.850, P=.087), 중성지방(T=-1.249, P=.234) 및 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤(T=.084, P=.934)은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 선행 연구결과들과 함께 12주 스텝운동 프로그램이 전반적으로 비만관련 지표를 유의하게 감소시킴으로써 과체중 및 비만 여성의 심혈관 질환 위험을 감소시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 프로그램이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 반면 혈당과 혈중 지질성분 개선을 위해서는 운동량의 증가 또는 근량 증가 및 내장지방 감소 효과를 초래할 수 있는 운동 프로그램으로의 수정 등과 같은 전략들이 부가되어야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구 포함 스텝운동 프로그램의 심혈관 위험 감소 효과를 검증한 현재까지의 연구들은 연구 설계상의 제한점을 갖고 있고, 따라서 일반화를 위한 무작위화되고 통제된 연구가 필요하다.

동북아 협력 네트워크와 지방의 역할

라미경 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2007 인문사회과학연구 Vol.17 No.-

국제환경의 변화에 따라 동북아 역내 간에 있어서 긴밀한 교류 협력의 필요성은 더욱 절실하게 제기되고 있다. 더 나아가 동북아 지역의 시민들이 공동의 평화와 번영을 함께 추구하고 영위할 수 있는 지역공동체의 설립이 중요한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 동북아 지역공동체 형성이라는 상황을 지방간의 관계를 중심으로 분석하고자 한다. 동북아 지역의 지방들이 국경을 넘어 어떻게 교류협력하고 있는가,서로 쟁점들은 무엇인가 그리고 경제적 상호보완성과 지리적 근접성을 살리면서 앞으로 지역공동체 형성에 지방들이 기여할 수 있을 것인가 등에 대한 연구는 시의적절하다고 생각한다. 왜냐하면 동북아 지역공동체와 이 지역의 협력이 중앙정부 차원에서만 진행되고 있지 않기 때문 이다. 또한 지방끼리의 협력과 전망에 대한 연구 성과가 미비하기 때문에 본 연구를 통해 이 분야연구에 기여하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. This paper discusses the Roles of Local Government and Cooperative Network In Northwest Asia. It follows in change of international environment and it is proposed the necessity of the cooperation to Northeast Asia inside of area. The research which is a Northeast Asia area community it analyzes the relationship of region for in the center and it does to sleep. The regions of the Northeast Asia area will go over the border and the flow cooperative, with each other are the issues will be what how and to save an economic trade name complement result geography neighboring characteristic and the regions will be able to contribute in the next area community formation is the research against the back thinks that it is right time and appropriate. Because the Northeast Asia area community and cooperation of this region only central government dimension, it is because is not advanced.

복부비만 여성 대상 걷기 운동 프로그램의 비만관련 지표 및 심폐체력 개선 효과

이미라,김완수 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-wk brisk walking program consisted of the exercise amount, which is comparable with the current minimum physical activity recommendation associated with health benefits, on obesity-related indices (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-bip ratio, body fat percent, and total body fat) and aerobic fitness in Korean women with abdominal obesity. The subjects were 11 middle-aged women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm). The intervention consisted of walking for 45-60 min per day at an intensity of 40(50) to 60(65)% of heart rate reserve(HRR) for 3 days per week Subjects of this study had decreases in obesity-related indices overall. Decreases in body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, waist circumference, and total body fat were statistically significant. Aerobic fitness was increased after the intervention and this increase was close to statistical significance. A 12-wk brisk walking program consisted of the exercise amount, which is comparable with the current minimum physical activity recommendation associated with health benefits, could be an effective strategy to reduce obesity-related indices in middle-aged Korean women with abdominal obesity. Whether higher amount of exercise is required to promote significant improvement in aerobic fitness in this population needs to be investigated in well-controlled further studies.

학교교육과정의 편성·운영과 그 관련기관 상호의 역할분담

정미라 한국교육과정학회 1998 교육과정연구 Vol.16 No.1

일본의 각 학교현장에서 학습지도요령을 학교의 조건과 특성에 맞게 정착시키기 위하여 어떠한 교육과정행정상의 노력이 시도되고 있는지를 학교교육과정의 편성·운영과정과 그 관련기관 상호의 역할 분담에 착안하여 탐색하였다. 이를 위해, 먼저 국가수준의 교육과정의 기준은 어떤 형태를 갖추어야 하며, 어느 정도 상세화되어야 할 것인지를 검토하였다. 다음으로, 학교교육과정의 편성·운영과정에서 중앙교육행정기관과 지방교육행정기관, 행정기관과 학교는 어떠한 유기적 관계를 유지해야 하며, 그러한 관계 속에서 상호 관련기관은 각각 어떤 역할 및 책임을 소지해야 하는지에 대해 논의하였다. 결론으로서 시사할 수 있는 학교교육과정의 편성·운영 방안은 다음의 3점이었다. 첫째, 국가수준의 교육과정은 대강적 기준이어야 한다. 특히, 교육과정에 관한 법적 규정은 사항의 성질상 구체적으로 또는 상세하게 정해지기 어려운 면을 갖는다고 하는 점에서, 가능한 한 학생에게 가까운 기관의 자율성이 존중되는 방향으로의 법과 행정상의 재검토가 전제되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 중앙행정기관과 지방행정기관 그리고 학교의 교육과정행정작용은 지도·조언행정의 형태로 이루어져야 한다. SBCD는 학교가 주도된 활동을 하고, 교육과정에 대한 학교요구의 기초 위에서 중앙 및 지방 교육당국과의 사이에 권한, 책임 및 통제의 재분배를 명확히 할 수 있는 일련의 과정이 마련되어야 하며, 학교 또한 개발과정을 운영할 수 있는 합법적, 행정적인 자치와 전문기관을 보유하는 것이 필요하기 때문이다. 셋째, 학교교육과정의 편성·실시와 관련하여 교직원 상호간의 기능적 연관의 유형화가 이루어져야 한다. 즉, 지도주사는 「전문적 지도자·원조자」로서, 교장·교감은 「총괄적 책임자와 그 보좌자」로서, 주임은 「실질적 촉진자」로서, 그리고 개개의 교사는 「최전선의 담당자」로서의 책임과 역할을 담당할 수 있는 구체적 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. This research was aimed to furnich an elementary and theoretical materials to school-based curriculum development (SBCD) in Korea through the analysis on the distribution of role among the organizations relative to the developing and operating process of school-based curriculum in Japan. In oreder to achieve the objective of this research, the author constructed three points of the analysis as follows : (1)Within the limits of what contents should national curriculum be formulated for the realization of SBCD? (2)What relationship of authority and responsibility should be maintained among central, local administration organization and school in relation to SBCD? (3)In what forms should they distribute role and responsibility among the organizations relative to the developing and operating process of school-based curriculum, e. g. a government school inspector, a principal and a vice-principal, a head teacher. a teacher etc.? From this research, the author offered three suggestions toward the realization of SBCD as follows : (1)The contents of National curriculum should be formulated only within the limits of fundamental principles. (2)The lines of authority and responsibility should be established clear-cut among central, local administration organization and school. And interaction of curriculum administration among them should be achieved in the form of guidance, advice and assistance. (3)The role and responsibility should be distributed clearly with functional correlation among the organizations relative to the developing and operating process of school-based curriculum. A government school inspector should take charge of function and responsibility as a professional leader; a principal and a vice=principal as all-inclusive responsible person and assistant; a head teacher as substantial promotor; a teacher as a person in charge of the foremost front.

부모의 양육태도 및 의사결정유형과 아동ㆍ청소년 자녀의 사회적 능력과의 관계

정미라,원유미 광주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 初等敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1

This study was aimed at figuring out the influence of such independent variables as rearing attitude of parents and their decision making styles in home on the social competence of children, and, furthermore, at examining what kind of aspects this relationship has depending on the age of children. Following questions should be answered in this study; 1.Are there any difference in the social competence of children in accordance with the rearing attitude of parents(e.g. acceptance-rejection, autonomy-control, pressure for achievement)? What kind of trend does this difference have according to the age of children? 2.Are there any difference in the social competence of children depending on the decision making styles of parents(paternal dominance, maternal dominance, or joint parental dominance)? Does this difference show consistent trend according to the age of children? 3.Is there any inter-relational effect of decision making styles of parents and their rearing attitude on the social competence of children? 4.Which of the characteristic factors of parents has the bigger consequence on the development of children's social competence? The result of this study were as follows; The factor of acceptance-rejection among those of the parental rearing attitude had a meaningful relationship with the development of the children's social competence. In other word, it was assumed that the receptive attitude may exert much stronger influence on formulating higher social competence than the denying attitude. This trend had been consistently revealed at the ages ranging from 6, 9 and 15. But there isn't any explicit difference in the age groups of 12. Social competence of children, autonomy group showed off higher development point than the children group of control-typed rearing attitude. Especially in the age group of 6, there was a fundamental difference of about 5%. But there wasn't any explicit difference in the age groups of 9, 12 and 15. The rearing attitude factor with the pressure for achievement had nothing to do with the social competence of children in the age groups of 6, 9, 12 and 15. Evidently, the decision making style of parents had a strong relationship with the development of children's social competence. For example, the joint decision making style of parents had shown a meaningful score of social competence in the age group of 6, 9 and 12, compared to the father- or mother-dominant decision making style. It became evident, however, that the decision making style of parents had nothing to do with the social competence of 15 years old children. With respect to the relationship between 2 characteristics of parents and social competences of children, It seemed to be little inter-relational effect between parent's characteristic variables and children's social competence. Therefore, it could be concluded that parent's characteristic factors and children's social competences were rather independent with each other or least influential than were interrelated. The more influential one of the parent's 2 factors affecting the development of children's social competences was the rearing attitude, followed by decision making style in the second. This trend had been consistently revealed at the ages ranging from 6 to 15.