Cone Sex Ratio and Pollen Traits in Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae)

Kang, Hyesoon,Yoon, Jumsoon The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2000 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.4 No.2

The pattern of variations in cone sex ratio and pollen traits such as pollen number and size was examined for two years in populations of red pines In Korea. We evaluated; (1) the relationship between tree size and cone sex ratio, (2) the relationship between year and cone sex ratio, and (3) the relationship between cone sex ratio and pollen traits. Larger trees in height and circumference at breast height produced more male as well as female cones. However, cone sex ratio was independent of these plant sizes. Across the two populations, both female cone numbers per tree and male cone numbers per new shoot increased 2.2 and 1.2 times, respectively, in 1999 compared to 1998, while the yearly pattern of male cone-bearing shoots per tree differed significantly between populations. Thus, cone sex ratio varied significantly between years in one of the two populations. Pollen traits such as the number of pollen grains and diameter did not vary significantly among populations. Pollen diameter and grain numbers per male cone were significantly negatively correlated with the cone sex ratio in two populations and one population, respectively. Trees which stopped female cone production in the first year and those which produced female cones in both years differed in the cone sex ratio and pollen size in the second year. The long duration of one reproductive episode and the potential of masting in red pines emphasize the need to conduct long-term studies on the dynamics of cone production, cone sex ratio, and simultaneous changes in pollen traits in red pines.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms linked to the SlMYB12 Gene that Controls Fruit Peel Color in Domesticated Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Kim, Bichsaem,Kim, Nahui,Kang, Jumsoon,Choi, Youngwhan,Sim, Sung-Chur,Min, Sung Ran,Park, Younghoon Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.4

Yellow or transparent fruit peel color is caused by the accumulation or lack of naringenin chalcone (NG, C) in fruit peel and determines the red or pink appearance of tomato fruit, respectively. NGC biosynthesis is regulated by the SlMYB12 gene of the Y locus on chromosome 1, and DNA markers derived from SlMYB12 would be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of tomato fruit color. To develop a gene-based marker, 4.9 kb of the SlMYB12 gene including a potential promoter region was sequenced from the red-fruited (YY) line 'FCR' and pink-fruited (yy) line 'FCP'. Sequence alignment of these SlMYB12 alleles revealed no sequence variations between 'FCR' and 'FCP'. To identify SlMYB12-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 'FCR' and 'FCP' were genotyped using a SolCAP Tomato SNP array and CAPS markers (CAPS-456, 531, 13762, and 38123) were developed from the four SNPs (solcap_snp_sl_456, 531, 13762, and 38123) most closely flanking the SlMYB12. These CAPS markers were mapped using $F_2$ plants derived from 'FCR' ${\times}$ 'FCP'. The map positions of the fruit peel color locus (Y) were CAPS-13762 (0 cM) - 456 (11.09 cM) - Y (15.71 cM) - 38123 (17.82 cM) - 531 (30.86 cM), and the DNA sequence of SlMYB12 was physically anchored in the middle of CAPS-456 and CAPS-38123, indicating that fruit peel color in domesticated tomato is controlled by SlMYB12. A total of 64 SolCAP tomato germplasms were evaluated for their fruit peel color and SNPs located between solcap_snp_sl_456 and 38123. Seven SNPs that were detected in this interval were highly conserved for pink-fruited accessions and specific to transparent fruit peel traits, as depicted by a phenetic tree of 64 accessions based on the seven SNPs.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms linked to the SlMYB12 Gene that Controls Fruit Peel Color in Domesticated Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Bichsaem Kim,Nahui Kim,Jumsoon Kang,Youngwhan Choi,Sung-Chur Sim,Sung Ran Min,Younghoon Park 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.4

Yellow or transparent fruit peel color is caused by the accumulation or lack of naringenin chalcone (NG, C) in fruit peel and determines the red or pink appearance of tomato fruit, respectively. NGC biosynthesis is regulated by the SlMYB12 gene of the Y locus on chromosome 1, and DNA markers derived from SlMYB12 would be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of tomato fruit color. To develop a gene-based marker, 4.9 kb of the SlMYB12 gene including a potential promoter region was sequenced from the red-fruited (YY) line ‘FCR’ and pink-fruited (yy) line ‘FCP’. Sequence alignment of these SlMYB12 alleles revealed no sequence variations between ‘FCR’ and ‘FCP’. To identify SlMYB12-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ‘FCR’ and ‘FCP’ were genotyped using a SolCAP Tomato SNP array and CAPS markers (CAPS-456, 531, 13762, and 38123) were developed from the four SNPs (solcap_snp_sl_456, 531, 13762, and 38123) most closely flanking the SlMYB12. These CAPS markers were mapped using F2 plants derived from ‘FCR’ × ‘FCP’. The map positions of the fruit peel color locus (Y) were CAPS-13762 (0 cM) - 456 (11.09 cM) - Y (15.71 cM) - 38123 (17.82 cM) - 531 (30.86 cM), and the DNA sequence of SlMYB12 was physically anchored in the middle of CAPS-456 and CAPS-38123, indicating that fruit peel color in domesticated tomato is controlled by SlMYB12. A total of 64 SolCAP tomato germplasms were evaluated for their fruit peel color and SNPs located between solcap_snp_sl_456 and 38123. Seven SNPs that were detected in this interval were highly conserved for pink-fruited accessions and specific to transparent fruit peel traits, as depicted by a phenetic tree of 64 accessions based on the seven SNPs.

토마토(Solanum lycopersicum L.) 품종 간 수용성 비타민과 폴리페놀계 성분 함량 변이 분석

Daen Kim,Beunggu Son,Youngwhan Choi,Jumsoon Kang,Yongjae Lee,Beungil Je,Younghoon Park (사)한국식물생명공학회 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.1

Tomato fruit quality is determined by the contents of various functional metabolites in addition to fruit appearance. To develop tomato cultivars with higher amounts of functional compounds, an efficient quantification method is required to identify the natural variations in the compounds in the tomato germplasm. In this study, we investigated tomato varieties, which included 23 inbred lines and 12 commercial F1 cultivars, for their contents of seven watersoluble vitamins (vitamin C, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B9) and five polyphenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and naringenin chalcone). The results of high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry showed that vitamin C and naringenin chalcone were the major water-soluble vitamins and polyphenolic compounds, respectively, and their abundance was highly variable depending on the cultivar. By contrast, the contents of vitamin B1, quercetin, and kaempferol were lowest among the cultivars. With regard to the relationship between metabolic compounds and fruit characteristics, a significant association was found in fruit size, indicating that cherry tomato varieties contain higher amounts of the compounds compared to large fresh-type varieties. However, no direct association was detected in fruit color, except for naringenin chalcone. The results of this study provide new insights on the quantification of metabolic compounds and the selection of breeding materials, which are prerequisites for the development of functional tomato varieties.

Regional Differences in Onion Bulb Quality and Nutrient Content, and the Correlation Between Bulb Characteristics and Storage Loss

Jongtae Lee,Injong Ha,Heedae Kim,Silim Choi,Sangdae Lee,jumsoon Kang,George E. Boyhan 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.6

Many onion growers and researchers assert that differences in soil type, agricultural practices, weather, and duration of prolonged onion cultivation in a particular field could affect onion bulb quality. This study evaluates the bulb quality of onions grown in different regions and determines the correlations between bulb characteristics and postharvest loss during cold and ambient storage. Soil and onion bulbs were collected from fields in six onion growing regions in Korea, during the growing season of 2011-2012. The fresh weight, dry matter content, and carbon (C), sulfur and magnesium contents of the onion bulbs were significantly affected by the location in which they were grown. Bulbs grown in Muan had the greatest number of scales, thinnest scale thickness, and the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and total flavonoids (TF). Bulbs originating from Jecheon had the lowest pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics and TF. Storage loss of bulbs from the different regions was similar in refrigerated storage, but differed in ambient temperature storage. Bulb fresh weight was positively correlated with scale thickness (r = 0.617) and cold storage loss (CSL; r = 0.398). Dry matter content was positively correlated with C (r = 0.958) and TF (r = 0.256) contents, while it was negatively correlated with CSL (r = -0.424). CSL was primarily affected by the fresh weight, as well as the dry matter, C, and PA contents of the bulbs, while ambient storage loss was primarily influenced by the amount of TSS.

Regional Differences in Onion Bulb Quality and Nutrient Content, and the Correlation Between Bulb Characteristics and Storage Loss

Lee, Jongtae,Ha, Injong,Kim, Heedae,Choi, Silim,Lee, Sangdae,Kang, jumsoon,Boyhan, George E. Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.6

Many onion growers and researchers assert that differences in soil type, agricultural practices, weather, and duration of prolonged onion cultivation in a particular field could affect onion bulb quality. This study evaluates the bulb quality of onions grown in different regions and determines the correlations between bulb characteristics and postharvest loss during cold and ambient storage. Soil and onion bulbs were collected from fields in six onion growing regions in Korea, during the growing season of 2011-2012. The fresh weight, dry matter content, and carbon (C), sulfur and magnesium contents of the onion bulbs were significantly affected by the location in which they were grown. Bulbs grown in Muan had the greatest number of scales, thinnest scale thickness, and the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and total flavonoids (TF). Bulbs originating from Jecheon had the lowest pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics and TF. Storage loss of bulbs from the different regions was similar in refrigerated storage, but differed in ambient temperature storage. Bulb fresh weight was positively correlated with scale thickness (r = 0.617) and cold storage loss (CSL; r = 0.398). Dry matter content was positively correlated with C (r = 0.958) and TF (r = 0.256) contents, while it was negatively correlated with CSL (r = -0.424). CSL was primarily affected by the fresh weight, as well as the dry matter, C, and PA contents of the bulbs, while ambient storage loss was primarily influenced by the amount of TSS.

토마토(Solanum lycopersicum L.) 품종 간 수용성 비타민과 폴리페놀계 성분 함량 변이 분석

김다은,손병구,최영환,강점순,이용재,제병일,박영훈,Kim, Daen,Son, Beunggu,Choi, Youngwhan,Kang, Jumsoon,Lee, Yongjae,Je, Beungil,Park, Younghoon 한국식물생명공학회 2020 식물생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.1

기능성 성분이 향상된 토마토 품종 개발을 위해서는 성분 정량분석법과 토마토 유전자원 간 대사성분 변이에 대한 정보의 확보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 토마토 유전자원23개 계통과 12개 상용 F₁ 품종을 이용하여 수용성 비타민 7종(vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9)과 폴리페놀계 성분 5종(quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and naringenin chalcone)에 대한 함량을 비교 분석 하였다. HPLC와 LC-MS 분석 결과, 수용성 비타민과 폴리페놀계의 주요 성분으로 vitamin C와 naringenin chalcone이 각각 검출되었으며 품종 간 높은 수준의 함량 변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 vitamin B1, quercetin 과 kaempferol은 전 품종에 있어 함량이 가장 낮았다. 대사성분 함량과 토마토 과실특성 간 상관관계에 있어 서 과크기(과중)와 높은 유의성이 관찰되었는데 대부분의 성분에 있어 방울토마토 품종이 완숙용 토마토 품종보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 하지만 naringenin chalcone을 제외하고 대사성분과 과색 간의 상관관계는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 결과는 토마토 육종과정에 활용될 수 있는 효율적인 대사성분 정량분석법을 제시할 뿐만 아니라 기능성 성분 고함량 육종소재 선발에 중요한 정보를 제공한다. Tomato fruit quality is determined by the contents of various functional metabolites in addition to fruit appearance. To develop tomato cultivars with higher amounts of functional compounds, an efficient quantification method is required to identify the natural variations in the compounds in the tomato germplasm. In this study, we investigated tomato varieties, which included 23 inbred lines and 12 commercial F₁ cultivars, for their contents of seven watersoluble vitamins (vitamin C, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B9) and five polyphenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and naringenin chalcone). The results of high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that vitamin C and naringenin chalcone were the major water-soluble vitamins and polyphenolic compounds, respectively, and their abundance was highly variable depending on the cultivar. By contrast, the contents of vitamin B1, quercetin, and kaempferol were lowest among the cultivars. With regard to the relationship between metabolic compounds and fruit characteristics, a significant association was found in fruit size, indicating that cherry tomato varieties contain higher amounts of the compounds compared to large fresh-type varieties. However, no direct association was detected in fruit color, except for naringenin chalcone. The results of this study provide new insights on the quantification of metabolic compounds and the selection of breeding materials, which are prerequisites for the development of functional tomato varieties.

창원 대산면 맑은 물 공급 사업 효과 분석

이병선 ( Byungsun Lee ),서상진 ( Sangjin Seo ),이규상 ( Gyusang Lee ),송성호 ( Sungho Song ),강점순 ( Jumsoon Kang ),이정은 ( Jeongeun Lee ),김현도 ( Hyundo Kim ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

창원시 대산면은 당근, 풋고추, 수박 등이 주된 농업생산물로, 관개용수 공급을 위해 개별 관정에 의한 공급, 낙동강 탁수의 직접 공급 등으로 해결 해왔지만 관개용수 수량부족, 노즐막힘 등의 문제가 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 창원시는 낙동강 탁수에 대한 모래여과 하천수 공급 시설을 설치하여 수질이 개선된 물을 공급할 수 있는 「맑은 물 공급 사업」을 시행 중이다. 「맑은 물 공급 사업」의 정량적 분석을 위하여 맑은 물 공급으로 인한 재배작물 생산량의 변화, 농가소득 변화, 그리고 영농편의 증가 여부를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 가압장을 이용한 맑은 물 공급 후 수질뿐만 아니라 공급수량이 풍부해지고 안정화 됨에 따라 기존에 재배면적이 없던 딸기의 재배면적이 크게 증가하였다. 단위면적당 생산량은 대부분의 작물들이 유사하거나 약간 감소한 반면, 파프리카와 딸기 등 고소득 작물의 생산량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 단위면적당 작목별 농가소득 또한 대부분의 작물들이 매년 감소하는 경향이었으나 딸기 작목에서는 증가하였다. 이는 기존 개별관정에 비해 맑은 물의 풍부한 수량을 공급함에 따라, 물을 많이 소비하는 고소득 작물인 딸기로 전환되어 농가소득을 증대시킨 원인으로 분석된다. 창원시 대산면 인근 주민에 대한 설문조사 결과, 노동력 절감 효과와 노즐막힘, 겨울철 농수 확보 등에 대한 농민들의 전반적인 만족도는 높은 편이었다. 또한 재배 안정성이 확보되어 재배작목을 고소득 작물로 전환하는 등 긍정적인 변화도 조사되었다. 향후 유수율 분석, 가압장 운영에 따른 시설관리비 절감, 부스터 펌프를 기설 양수장이 아닌 취수원(강)에 직접 설치할 때의 장단점, 완속여과에 대한 내용 등이 추가로 연구될 수 있다면, 다양한 해석이 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

조 · 만생종 완전단감의 과실발달 단계별 형질특성 및 유전자 발현 분석

김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),안광환(Gwang-Hwan Ahn),박기림(Girim Park),손병구(Beunggu Son),최영환(Youngwhan Choi),강점순(Jumsoon Kang),이용재(Youngjae Lee),제병일(Byeong Il Je),박영훈(Younghoon Park) 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.3

완전단감 품종 중 만생종인 ‘부유’와 조생종인 ‘조추’의 과실 발육 단계 별 주요 형질과 과실 내 발현되는 전사체의 비교 분석을 통해, 만생종과 조생종 간 숙기 조절 관련 유전자를 탐색하였다. 개화 후 6주부터 ‘조추’는 개화 후 18주까지, ‘부유’는 24주까지 과피색과 유리당 함량을 3주 간격으로 조사한 결과 ‘조추’의 과실 성숙이 ‘부유’보다 이른 시기에 시작됨을 보여 주었다. 색도는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 과피 착색이 빠르게 진행되었고, 개화 후 18주에 두 품종 간 차이가 현저하게 드러났다. 과실내 유리당 함량을 조사한 결과, ‘조추’의 서당 감소 시점이 ‘부유’에 비해 약 9주 빨랐다. 두 품종의 과육 전사체 분석은 개화 후 9주부터 18주까지 3주 간격으로 수행하였다. 전사체의 GO term 분석에서는 세포와 세포소기관에서 대사과정과 발육을 조절하는 촉매작용과 수송 관련 유전자, 그리고 KOG 분석과 KEGG pathway 분석에서는 신호전달과 핵산구조, 전분과 당 대사에 관한 pathway 유전자가 주를 이루었다. DEGs 분석은 각 품종의 개화 후 9주의 과육 샘플을 대조구로 하여 이후 18주까지 3주 간격의 샘플을 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅰ과 각 단계별로 ‘부유’를 대조구로 하고 ‘조추’를 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅱ로 분석하였다. DEGs set Ⅰ의 발현량을 분석한 결과, 3가지 비교조합 중에서 ‘부유’는 개화 후 18주에, ‘조추’는 15주에 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 up-regulation된 유전자의 개수가 가장 많았다. DEGs set Ⅱ에서는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 개화 후 12주에 down-regulation되는 유전자가, 15주에는 up-regulation되는 유전자가 많았다. 과실 형질 관련 후보유전자의 발현량을 형질변화와 비교 분석한 결과, 탄수화물 대사에 관련된 UGPase-1과 AGPase-1, 카로티노이드 생합성 경로의 CRTISO와 PDS는 ‘조추’의 조기 과실 성숙을 유도하는 유전자로 추정되었다. Transcription factor(TF)로는 ethylene responsive gene의 promoter에 결합하는 ERF3와 ACS의 promoter에 결합하는 MADS-box TF인 RIN, AGL, FUL, 그리고 climacteric type의 성숙을 조절하는 NAC가 ‘부유’, ‘조추’ 단감의 성숙 조절에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 추정되었다. We analyzed the major fruit traits and transcriptomes between a late-ripening cultivar ‘Fuyu’ and an early-ripening cultivar ‘Soshu’ of pollination constant non-astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) at different developmental stages. Sugar concentration and fruit peel color were measured every 3 weeks, until 18 weeks after full bloom (WAB) for ‘Soshu’ and 24 WAB for ‘Fuyu’. For the sugar concentration in fruit, sucrose levels began to decline 9 weeks earlier in ‘Soshu’. Fruit peel coloring progressed faster in ‘Soshu’, and differences in color between the cultivars were most notable at 18 WAB. Transcriptome analysis was carried out for fruit flesh every 3 weeks from 9-18 WAB. Gene ontology term analysis of the transcriptome indicated that catalytic and transport genes involved in metabolism and growth in cells and cellular organelles were mainly expressed, while in KOG and KEGG analysis, the majority of expressed genes were related to signal transduction, nuclear structure, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed from two sets of samples: set I, in which fruits sampled at 12, 15, and 18 WAB were compared as the treatment group to the sample collected at 9 WAB as the control for each cultivar; and set II, in which fruit samples of ‘Soshu’ were compared as the treatment group to ‘Fuyu’ as the control at each WAB. For the DEGs of set I, containing three comparison combinations, the number of up-regulated genes in the treatment sample was highest at 18 WAB in ‘Fuyu’ and at 15 WAB in ‘Soshu’. For the DEGs of set II, the number of down-regulated genes and the number of up-regulated genes were higher in ‘Soshu’ compared to ‘Fuyu’ at 12 WAB and 15 WAB, respectively. We then compared the expression patterns of fruit trait-related genes with the phenotypic changes in traits. Our results indicated that UGPase-1 and AGPase-1, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and CRTISO and PDS, involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, may induce early fruit ripening in ‘Soshu’. In addition, the transcription factors (TFs) ERF3, which binds to the promoter of ethylene-responsive genes; the MADS-box TFs RIN, AGL, and FUL; and the NAC TF controlling climacteric-type fruit ripening were considered to play a key role in controlling fruit ripening in ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Soshu’.

창원들녘 맑은 물 공급 사업 효과분석

서상진(Sangjin Seo),이병선(Byungsun Lee),이규상(Gyusang Lee),송성호(Sungho Song),강점순(Jumsoon Kang),이정은(Jeongeun Lee),김현도(Hyundo Kim) 대한지질학회 2022 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10