Identification of differentially expressed immunity‐related genes in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae parasitized by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

The pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of several Pinus species, and the ectoparasitoid larvae of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of this pest. The transcriptome of M. alternatus larvae was sequenced using the Illumina platform and immunity‐related genes were specifically analyzed. De novo assembly resulted in the identification of 24 241 unigenes, with a mean length of 1122 bp, in unparasitized M. alternatus larvae and 23 807 unigenes, with a mean length of 1140 bp, for parasitized larvae. Removal of redundant unigenes resulted in 26 095 all‐unigenes, of which 16 959 (64.99%) showed clear homology with some of the known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nr database. Parasitization had notable effects on the transcriptome profile of M. alternatus larvae. In all, 2702 genes were differentially expressed in M. alternatus larvae after parasitization, with 1491 (55.18%) upregulated and 1211 (44.82%) downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of immunity‐related genes in M. alternatus larvae were markedly altered in response to parasitization by D. helophoroides. In conclusion, the transcriptome profiling data, especially the discovered of immunity‐related genes, help illustrate the molecular mechanisms of parasitism between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus and provide new insights into developing immunity regulation‐mediated control methods of M. alternatus.

Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Xiao‐Juan Li,Guang-Ping DONG,Jian-Min FANG,Hong-Jian LIU,Wan-Lin GUO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.

A Filtering based Multi-innovation Extended Stochastic Gradient Algorithm for Multivariable Control Systems

Jian Pan,Xiao Jiang,Xiangkui Wan,Wenfang Ding 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.3

For a multivariable system with moving average noise (i.e., a multivariable controlled autoregressivemoving average system), this paper proposes a filtering based extended stochastic gradient (ESG) algorithm anda filtering based multi-innovation ESG algorithm for improving the parameter estimation accuracy. The key isusing the filtering technique and the multi-innovation identification theory. The proposed algorithms can identifythe parameters of the system model and the noise model. The filtering based multi-innovation ESG algorithm cangive more accurate parameter estimates. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithmswork well.

Stereo-digital image correlation in the behavior investigation of CFRP-steel composite members

Xiao-Yuan He,Yun-Tong Dai,Hai-Tao Wang,Tian-Yuan Ge,Gang Wu,Jian-Xiao Wan,Shuang-Yin Cao,Fu-Jun Yang 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.23 No.6

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in steel structures primarily includes two categories, i.e., the bond-critical application and the contact-critical application. Debonding failure and buckling failure are the main failure modes for these two applications. Conventional electrometric techniques may not provide precise results because of the limitations associated with single-point contact measurements. A nondestructive full-field measurement technique is a valuable alternative to conventional methods. In this study, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted to investigate the bond behavior and buckling behavior of CFRP-steel composite members. The CFRP-to-steel bonded joint and the CFRPstrengthened square hollow section (SHS) steel column were tested to verify the suitability of the DIC technique. The stereo- DIC technique was utilized to measure continuous deformation. The bond-slip relationship of the CFRP-to-steel interface was derived using the DIC data. Additionally, a multi-camera DIC system consisting of four stereo-DIC subsystems was proposed and applied to the compressive test of CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column. The precise buckling location and CFRP delamination of the CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column were identified. The experimental results confirm that the stereo-DIC technique can provide effective measurements for investigating the behaviors of CFRP-steel composite members.

Structural Conservation and Food Habit-related Liver Expression of Uncoupling Protein 2 Gene in Five Major Chinese Carps

( Wan Qin Liao ),( Xu Fang Liang ),( Lin Wang ),( Ling Fang ),( Xiao Tao Lin ),( Jun Jie Bai ),( Qing Jian ) 생화학분자생물학회 2006 BMB Reports Vol.39 No.4

Enhancing the insecticidal activity of recombinant baculovirus by expressing a growth-blocking peptide from the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua

Hu Wan,Yashu Zhang,Xiao Zhao,Hong You,Jian Hong Li,Jinyun Ji 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.3

Insect cytokine growth-blocking peptides (GBPs) play functional roles in growth regulation and the innate immune response.Moreover, high concentrations of GBPs significantly induce larvalmorphological abnormalities and lethality. In the present study, a recombinant AcNPV, AcNPV-SeGBPm, expressing a growth-blocking peptide fromthe beet armywormSpodoptera exigua (SeGBP) under the control of a polyhedrin promoterwas constructed. Western blot analysis indicated that the mature peptide of SeGBP (SeGBPm) is expressed as a 3-kDa peptide in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells. SeGBPm expression in Sf9 insect cells decreased cell viability significantly and induced apoptotic cell death. In addition, the body weights of S. exigua larvae inoculated with AcNPV-SeGBPm decreased significantly compared to those of larvae inoculated with wild-type AcNPV. Moreover, AcNPV-SeGBPm improved the rate of larvae killing (LT50) by approximately 1 day compared to wild-type AcNPV. Taken together, the obtained data demonstrate the great potential for future investigations of growth-blocking peptides for use as biopesticides.

KBTBD7, a novel human BTB-kelch protein, activates transcriptional activities of SRE and AP-1

( Jun Jian Hu ),( Wu Zhou Yuan ),( Ming Tang ),( Yue Qun Wang ),( Xiong Wei Fan ),( Xiao Yang Mo ),( Yong Qing Li ),( Zao Chu Ying ),( Yong Qi Wan ),( Karen Ocorr ),( Rolf Bodmer ),( Yun Deng ),( Xiu 생화학분자생물학회 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.1

Molecular cloning and characterization of a phenylalanine hydroxylase from the common cutworm Spodoptera litura☆

Yashu Zhang,Xiao Zhao,Jinyun Ji,Tinghao Kang,Jian Hong Li,Hu Wan 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

In the present study, a phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) was cloned and characterized from the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (SlPAH). The SlPAH gene is an 1863 bp full-length cDNAwith a 1371 bp open reading frame that encodes a predicted 52.35 kDa protein of 457 amino acid residueswith an isoelectric point of 5.39. The SlPAH gene contains 6 exons and 5 introns. A multiple sequence analysis of SlPAH showed an 88–68% sequence identity to Papilio xuthus PAH and other insect PAHs. A phylogenetic tree revealed that SlPAH is a novel member of the PAH family. Tissue distribution analyses indicated that SlPAH is constitutively expressed in the epidermis, midgut, and fat body, with the highest expression occurring in the fat body on days 2 and 3 of the sixth-instar larval stage and day 1 of the prepupa stage. However, RNAi-mediated SlPAH gene silencing had no observable phenotype in S. litura larvae. Additionally, SlPAH expression is acutely up-regulated in the fat body after injection with Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli, or Beauveria bassiana. Therefore, these results provide a molecular basis for the functional roles of SlPAH during development and the innate immune response in S. litura.

Prefrontal cortex miR-29b-3p plays a key role in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in rats

Yun-Qiang Wan,Jian-Guo Feng,Mao Li,Mao-Zhou Wang,Li Liu,Xueru Liu,Xiao-Xia Duan,Chun-Xiang Zhang,Xiao-Bin Wang 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Ketamine has a rapid, obvious, and persistent antidepressant effect, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of ketamine’s antidepressant effect. We investigated the alteration in miR-29b-3p in the brain of rats subjected to ketamine administration and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and a sucrose preference test and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the rats’ depressive-like state. We used recombination adeno-associated virus (rAAV) or lentivirus-expressing miR-29b-3p to observe the change in metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4). Cell culture and electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate the function of miR-29b-3p. Ketamine dramatically increased miR-29b-3p expression in the prefrontal cortex of the normal rats. The dual luciferase reporter test confirmed that GRM4 was the target of miR-29b- 3p. The miR-29b-3p levels were downregulated, while the GRM4 levels were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of the depressive-like rats. The ketamine treatment increased miR-29b-3p expression and decreased GRM4 expression in the prefrontal cortex of the depressive-like rats and primary neurons. By overexpressing and silencing miR-29b-3p, we further validated that miR-29b-3p could negatively regulate GRM4. The silencing of miR-29b-3p suppressed the Ca2+ influx in the prefrontal cortex neurons. The miR-29b-3p overexpression contributed to cell survival, cytodendrite growth, increases in extracellular glutamate concentration, and cell apoptosis inhibition. The overexpression of miR- 29b-3p by rAAV resulted in a noticeable relief of the depressive behaviors of the CUMS rats and a lower expression of GRM4. The miR-29b-3p/GRM4 pathway acts as a critical mediator of ketamine’s antidepressant effect in depressive-like rats and could be considered a potential therapeutic target for treating major depression disorder.

The Impact Force of Large Boulders with Irregular Shape in Flash Flood and Debris Flow

Guang-Wu Si,Xiao-Qing Chen,Jian-Gang Chen,Jin-Bo Tang,Wan-Yu Zhao,Ke Jin 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.10

The impact force of large boulders carried by flash floods and debris flows is one of the main causes of structural damage. The elastoplastic modification model of the impact force was derived, and it was found that the impact force was significantly affected by large boulders with irregular shapes. However, a large boulder with an irregular shape is often simplified as an isovolumetric sphere or ellipsoid, which may lead to inaccurate calculation of the impact force. In this paper, a method to obtain the irregular shape of a large boulder in the field is proposed by combining field investigation, image processing, and graphic analysis. The irregular shape is described by a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve. The curvature radii corresponding to the potential impact contact points on the surface of a large boulder, which can reflect the influence of the irregular shape, are extracted according to the concavity and convexity analysis. The results demonstrate that NURBS curves can describe irregular shapes both conveniently and accurately. The impact force was corrected by the elastic–plastic model, the impact force increased with increasing curvature radius, and the increase ratio of the impact force gradually decreased with increasing velocity. Compared with the isovolumetric sphere model and ellipsoid model, the impact force calculated by the ellipsoid model is closer to the results obtained in this paper. The reduction factor of the impact force is 0.03 − 0.16, which first increases significantly and then linearly increases with increasing curvature radius. In addition, the reduction factor of the impact force initially exhibits a significant decline with increasing velocity and then gradually stabilises. To simplify parameter selection, we suggest using the maximum curvature radius in the ellipsoid model as the calculation parameter in calculating the impact force of large boulders.