성과 및 능력 중심 교육훈련 시스템 연구 : IBM의 Performance & Competency Management 시스템을 중심으로 Centering on Performance & Competency Management System of IBM

李在圭,權重生 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1997 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

최근 교육훈련에 관한 논의는 학습과정을 어떻게 효율적으로 운영하는가에서 인적자원관리의 여러 가지 방법이 종국적으로는 조직성과에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가에 더 관심이 있다는 경향을 보여 준다. 이것은 인적자원관리에서도 교육훈련의 중요성은 인정하나 교육의 궁극적 목적은 습득한 지식과 기술을 활용하여 어떻게 좋은성과를 달성하게 하는가에 있다는 실리적인 면을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다. 학습과정을 중시하는 훈련모델에서는 만족스럽지 않은 종업원 성과는 일반적으로 개인의 지식(knowledge)부족 또는 자질(skill)부족으로 치부되었다. 그리고 이에 대한 적절한 조치는 일반적으로 훈련을 시키는 것이었다. 그 반면, 성과모델은 종업원의 성과가 부진한 이유를 일반적으로 다음과 같이 가정한다. 「만족스럽지 못한 종업원 성과는 다양한 이유들의 결과이고,상호관련된 요인들의 집합(interrelated set of factors)이다」. 예를들면 개인의 지식(kfowledge)부족 · 자질(skill)부족·동기(motivation)부족, 비효과적인 경영층의 행동, 그리고 규제적인 작업환경 등이다. 이에 대한 적절한 대응조치는 일반적으로 각종 개입활동집합(set of inteiventions)이라고 가정한다. 1980년대 후반이래 경영성적이 부진했던 IBM은 1994년 능력중심 경영(Competence Blased Management), 성과 및 능력중심 교육훈련(Performance & Competency Training: PCT), 능력중심 보상제도(Competency Based Remuneration System) 등을 도입했다. 특히 PCT는 작업현장의 교육과 훈련 패러다임이 변화한 결과이다. PCT의 방법론은 조직전략의 이해부터 출발한다. 그런 후 전략을 적절히 이행하는데 필요한 종업원 성과와 능력을 결정하고 현재의 실제 성과를 결정한다. 교육 컨설턴트들은 종업원의 성과 차이 정도와 그 원인을 확인하고, 그 차이를 최대로 줄일 수 있는 개입활동집합을 선택한다. 컨설턴트들 이 이용하려는 능력이 곧 조직전략(organization strategies)이다. 이런 개념적 틀 아래서 그들은4개의 분야를 집중적으로 관리한디·. 능력관리시스템 진행과정은 IBM이 PCT에 기초한E&T제도를 온라인 시스템으로 개발한 것이다. 컴퓨터 시스템에 익숙하지 않은 종업원이라 하더라도 컴퓨터의 지시문을 따라 실행하면 되도록 개발한 IBM의 고유한 소프트웨어로서 프로그램의 운영은 대외비이다. 종업원이 스스로 결정한 교육훈련의 과정과 성과등은 자동적으로 인사 파일과 스킬 재고표에 기록된다. 따라서 과거에는 교육을 시키고 나면 E&T의 활동은 끝났으나 현재는 E&T를 예방적 활동으로 이용한다. 또한 과거에는 인적자원관리와 교육훈련개발은 별도의 활동이었으나 지금은 두활동이 통합되었다. 우리나라의 경우에도 기업이 종업원에게 일방적으로 교육훈련과정을 제공만 할 것이 아니라, (물론 많은 비용이 들겠지만)성과향상에 필요한 자질·기술·교육훈련프로그램을 다양하게 제공하여 종업원이 스스로 자아발전을 할 수 있는 기회를 주어야 할 것이다.

IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI)치료의 임상적 유용성

양회생,이은주,심재철 동국대학교 경주대학 1998 東國論集 Vol.17 No.2

IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) as treatment for male-factor infertility has been introduced worldwide on the past few years in many laboratories using assisted reproduction techniques. In spite of much progress in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) program, the pregnancy rate remains at 20-30% and the endometrial implantation rate per embryo transferred at 10%. Although IVF-ET is widely applied in the treatment of couples with male factor infertility, it may fail in many infertile couples with normal seman parameters, and certain couples cannot be accepted for standard IVF-ET due to unfertilization or extremely low fertilization rate of oocytes. Recently, several procedures of microassisted fertilization(MAF) using micromanipulation have been introduced, and pregnancies and births have been obtained after IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI). In conclusion, MAF of human oocytes with ICSI is a promising fertilization method for IVF-ET patients, especially with few spermatozoa for the conventional methods of in vitro insemination and with the past history of failure in fertilization or low fertilization rate in the previous cycles, and ICSI using micromanipulation procedures applied to human oocytes will provide a range of novel technique which may dramatically improve the pregnancy rate in IVF-ET program and contribute much to the effective management of infertile couples.

淨化槽SLUDGE의 堆肥化

林哉明,金秀生,李賢珠 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

This study was performed for composting of septic tank sludge by batch type enclosed composter. The conditions of each element were the mixed rate 0.5:1∼4:1 of septic tank sludge rice-polishing, initial Moisture Content rate of 50 to 70%, C/N ratio of 8 to 43, and 0.25∼1.51/min·㎏ per volatile solids of Air Quantity. The results of this experiment are as follows: (1) The condition of the most successful composting was mixed rate 2.1 of septic tank sludge and rice-polishings in each sample. (2) The range of the optimum moisture content was 60∼65% simultaneously, mixed rate was 2:1-3:1 the temperature of compost pile for hygienic stabilization was sustained for minimum seven days. (3) The range of optimum C/N ratio 30∼35 showed the fastest and most successful composting . (4) 0.25 l/min-㎏ VS Air Quantity was the optimum of composting. (5) In a day or two, the maximum temperature of 48∼54℃ showed that after inputing composter under the adequate condition of each element: Moisture Content, Air Quantity, pH, C/N ratio etc. The maximum CO₂ production quantity with temperature variation was 8∼11% at 44∼50℃.

서남권도시의 인구지표모형 검증에 관한 연구

오재화,이재복,박한생 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2007 建設技術硏究 Vol.27 No.1

The problem of over population in large cities and over outflow population in cities, and the difference of growth and unbalanced development between them occurred as a big social issue. Accordingly, the interests are concentrating on the basic reinforcement and functional activation of local cities. I can assert that it is the optimum time to smooth out difference between regions, to activate local small and medium cities at this time. Because the recognition against polarization reversal on the dispersal policies then the first stage of the powerful trend of concentrative development. The basic goal of this treatise puts on emphasize to issue the problems through looking into realities and functional roles of cities in the urban system for the past few years in korea, to find out alternative method in order to activate the strengthening of foundation and functional activity of local cities by analyzing the relevancy between functional character and growth potentiality of individual cities.

인간배아의 공동배양 : REVIEW

양회생,이은주,김종호,최석철,심재철 동국대학교 경주대학 1999 東國論集 Vol.18 No.-

One of the contributory causes to poor pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction has been the decreased viability of transferred embryos and the transfer of four-cell embryos into and environment that naturally would be receptive only to 5-day-old blastocysts. In this paper, we have reviewed on the role of helper cells(cocultures) to mimic the in vivo, environment to bring about improved embryo quality and an increased number of blastocysts for replacement in IVF patients. The behavior of helper cell is first presented, followed by their use as cocultures for fertilization and cleavage of embryos. The mode of action and specificity of helper cells are also discussed. The currently available results of pregnancies after cocultures are presented together with future aspects of research that are necessary to refine the coculture system, The ultimate aim is to mimic in vivo conditions in vitro, so that at least the pregnancy rates of assisted conception can be parallel to normal fecundity in the human. Therefore, a very attractive future includes the freezing of blastocysts generated from coculture, thawing, and replacing them in natural cycles.

낙동강 물 관개논의 농업환경 특성과 질소, 인산 요구량

강위금,이재생,고지연,박창영,정기열 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.3

낙동강 물을 관개하여 벼를 재배하는 강 상류의 안동 풍산에서부터 하류의 부산 구포까지 7개 지역 논토양의 농업환경 특성을 1999년부터 2년간 비교 분석하였다. 토양의 중금속 함량은 자연함량 안팎이었으며 가장 높았던 곳은 부산 강서 지역이었고 다음으로는 고령 성산 지역이었다. 그러나 현미중의 중금속은 자연함량 이하를 보였다. 토양의 화학성은 고령 성산지역과 부산 강서지역에서 높았는데, 1999~2000년도의 영농 후 토양에서 고령은 pH (5.9~6.1), EC(0.8~0.9 dS/m), 유효인산(155~201 mg/kg), 치환성 칼슘(6.7~7.4 cmol^(+)//kg), 치환성 마그네슘(1.92~2.50 cmol^(+)/kg), 치환성 칼리(0.18~0.21 cmol^(+)//kg )가 가장 높았고 부산에서는 유기물(23.0~29.1 g/kg), 총질소(1.6~l.8 mg/kg)가 가장 높았다. 낙동강 물의 관개수질과 토양화학성을 고러한 벼의 진단시비량은 질소의 경우 110 kg/ha를 기준으로 안동 21.4%, 상주 11.85, 구미지역에서 8.8% 정도 증시할 필요가 있었으나, 고령에서는 14.9%, 창녕은 4.6%, 밀양 하남은 4.55, 부산 강서지역은 11.5% 내외로 줄일 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 인산질 비료는 45 kg/ha 기준으로 창녕 도천에서만 18.9% 줄여 주고 다른 지역에서는 기본시비량인 30 kg/ha만 시용하여도 무방할 것으로 판단되었다. 논토양에 분포하는 세균과 사상균, 방선균, 중온성 Bacillus, 형광성 Pseudomonas, Biomass C는 유기물과 총 질소, 인산 등의 양분함유량이 많았던 고령 성산과 그 하류지역에서 높았다. Agroenvironmental characteristics in paddy fields irrigated with the water of Nagdong river were analyzed along the river watershed for two years from 1999. The sites monitored from upper reaches of the river were Andong, Sangju, Gumi, Goryeong, Changnyeong, Milyang and Pusan. In paddy soils, the contents of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and As were around natural values showing the highest values in Pusan followed by Goryeong. In brown rice, the contents of heavy metals were lower than natural values. Soil chemical properties appeared higher values in the lower reaches including Goryeong than the upper ones. The highest parameters in Goryeong were pH (5.9~6.1), EC (0.8~0.9 dS/m), Av.P₂O_(5) (155~201 mg/kg), exchangeable Ca (6.7~7.4 cmol^(+)/kg), Mg (1.92~2.50 cmol^(+)/kg), K (0.18~0.21 cmol^(+)/kg) and those in Pusan were organic matter (23.0~29.1 g/kg) and T-N (1.6~1.8 mg/kg). In conclusion, the recommended rates of N fertilizer for rice cropping were 21.4%, 11.8% and 8.8% high for Andong, Sangju and Gumi, respectively and 14.9%, 4.6%, 4.5% and 11.5% low for Goryeong, Changnyeong, Milyang and Pusan, respectively reflecting the chemical properties of soils and the quality of irrigation water on the basis of 110 kgN/ha. In the case of phosphorous, the rates were 18.9% and 33.3% low for Changnyeong and others, respectively on the basis of 45 kgP₂O_(5)/ha. The populations of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Bacillus, fluorescent Pseudomonas and Biomass C were high at the lower reaches including Goryeong, which showed relatively much nutrient contents of organic matter, total N and phosphorous etc..

리더십 유형과 벤처기업 조직유효성에 관한 연구

조동규,양재생,이만규 東亞大學校 大學院 2004 大學院論文集 Vol.29 No.-

In an effort to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment in venture business, this study investigates the relation between leadership style and organizational effectiveness of venture business and the influences of the former on followers' satisfaction and commitment. Leadership style was taken as an independent variable, which is classified into 3 types: directive, supportive, and participative. On the other hand, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were regarded as dependent variables. The former means worker's satisfaction on pay, promotion, coworker relation etc., while the latter refers to identifying oneself with an organization and accepting its goals and value, desiring to stay at the organization continuously. Three major hypotheses were set up to be tested and the subjects of the research were 101 workers sampled from five venture business in Busan and Kyungnam areas. Their responses were then analyzed by means of ANOVA and regression methods. The results of the analysis turned out to be as follows: first, participative leadership style shows significant relation with job satisfaction; second, coworker relation is related to organizational commitment; third, participative leadership style leads to cooperative human relation in organization.

Transforming Growth Factor-α Increases the Yield of Functional Dopaminergic Neurons from in vitro Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells Induced by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Lee, Keum Sil,Shin, Hyun Ah,Cho, Hwang Yoon,Kim, Eun Young,Lee, Young Jae,Wang, Kyu Chang,Kim, Yong Sik,Lee, Hoon Taek,Chung, Kil Saeng,Park, SePill,Lim, Jin Ho 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8

Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica Beauvios) with Cultivated Areas

Jae Saeng Lee,Koan Sik Woo,Byeong Geun Oh,Seuk Bo Song,Jee Yeon Ko,Jong Rae Kang,Myung Chul Seo,Do Yeon Kwak,Min Hee Nam 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

Transforming Growth Factor- Increases the Yield of Functional Dopaminergic Neurons from in vitro Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells Induced by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Lee, Keum-Sil,Shin, Hyun-Ah,Cho, Hwang-Yoon,Kim, Eun-Young,Lee, Young-Jae,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Kim, Yong-Sik,Lee, Hoon-Taek,Chung, Kil-Saeng,Park, Se-Pill 한국수정란이식학회 2003 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.1