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Ikhe, A.B.,Kale, A.B.,Jeong, J.,Reece, M.J.,Choi, S.H.,Pyo, M. Pergamon Press 2016 Corrosion science Vol.109 No.-
Perfluorinated polysiloxane [-(SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB>-O)<SUB>n</SUB>-, where R<SUB>1</SUB> is -OH and R<SUB>2</SUB> is -CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>-(CF<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>5</SUB>-CF<SUB>3</SUB>], was synthesized from 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) and hybridized with graphene oxide (GO). The composite (PPFS/GO) was applied to AZ31 Mg alloy for corrosion protection in NaCl. Efficient inhibition by PPFS/GO was realized due to a synergistic effect via the remnant hydrophobic-properties of PFOTES and the high surface area of GO. The polymeric nature of PPFS also contributed to the strong adhesion between the coating layer and AZ31, making this work different to most previous reports where the Mg surface was pretreated before coating.
Polyviologen as a high energy density cathode in magnesium-ion batteries
Ikhe, Amol Bhairuba,Naveen, Nirmalesh,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho Elsevier 2018 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.283 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Poly(hexyl viologen dichloride) (PHV-Cl) is described as a high energy density (ED) material in magnesium-based electrolytes. When coupled with Mg metal in all phenyl complex (APC) electrolytes, PHV-Cl cathodes demonstrate anion-transport behaviors with the reduction/oxidation of viologen units. This dual-ion type cell delivers a relatively high ED with reasonable stability during repeated charge/discharge (C/D) when compared with previously reported inorganic/organic cathodes in magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs). PHV-Cl shows a capacity of 171 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at an average discharge potential of 1.33 V vs. Mg/Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, resulting in a significantly high ED (227 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP>). The high ED characteristics of PHV-Cl are retained during repeated C/D cycles (201 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 50 C/D) in contrast to the relative instability of other previously reported organic cathodes. Herein, the electrochemical performance of PHV-Cl in various types of electrolytes is also described. This work suggests that viologen-based cathodes with anion-transport properties could be implemented to achieve high levels of ED and stability via a dual-ion mode in MIBs, particularly with currently available electrolytes that are compatible with magnesium metal.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Poly(hexyl viologen dichloride) is examined as a cathode in magnesium-ion batteries. </LI> <LI> When coupled with Mg, the cell operates in a dual ion mode. </LI> <LI> The polymer delivers a capacity of 171 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.33 V vs. Mg/Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (227 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP>). </LI> <LI> High energy density of the polymer is retained during repeated charge/discharge. </LI> <LI> The performance is comparable or superior to that of other organic cathodes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Prabakar, S. J. Richard,Park, Chunguk,Ikhe, Amol Bhairuba,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.50
<P>Despite remarkable developments in electrolyte systems over the past decades, magnesium-ion batteries still suffer from corrosion susceptibility and low anodic limits. Herein we describe how graphene oxide (GO), coated onto non-noble metals (Al, Cu, and stainless steel) via- electrophoretic deposition, can solve this problem. In all phenyl complex electrolytes, GO coating results in a significant suppression of corrosion and extends the anodic limits' (up to 4.0 V vs Mg/Mg2+) with no impact on reversible Mg plating/stripping reactions. The same effect of GO coating is also established in magnesium aluminum chloride complex electrolytes. This remarkable-improvement is associated with the electtostatic interaction between the ionic charges of electrolytes and the-surface-functional groups of GO: In addition, GO coating, does not aggravate the cathode performance of Mo6S8, which allows the use of non-noble metals as current collectors. We also discuss, the role of GO in. increasing anodic limits when it is hybridized with alpha-MnO2.</P>
Prabakar, S. J. Richard,Han, Su Cheol,Park, Chunguk,Bhairuba, Ikhe Amol,Reece, Michael J.,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho Electrochemical Society 2017 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.164 No.9
<P>For the first time we report that hard-wood (oak) can spontaneously create interconnected channels of mu m to nm in diameter during carbonization at an optimized temperature (1100 degrees C). These microstructural features have never been found in other hardcarbons without the use of additives. When compared with sucrose-based hard-carbon (SHC), oak-based hard-carbon (OHC) shows much higher charge-storage capability (ca. 223 vs. 112 mAh.g(-1) t 20 mA.g(-1)) and excellent stability (fading rate of 0.04 vs. 0.08% .cycle(-1)) as an anode in potassium-ion batteries. The high performance of OHC mainly results from interwoven nanoporous channels, which lead to facile charge transfer and fast K+-diffusion. (C)17 The Electrochemical Society.</P>
5~6世紀 星州地域 墳墓의 特徵과 星州樣式 土器의 分布
南翼熙(Nam, Ikhee) 한국상고사학회 2011 한국상고사학보 Vol.74 No.-
5~6世紀 星州地域 墳墓의 變遷過程은 嶺南地方에서 일반적으로 확인되는 ‘목곽묘-적석목곽묘ㆍ석곽묘–석실묘’의 변화과정과 크게 다르지 않지만 주변 지역들에 비해 목곽묘의 전통이 비교적 오래 지속되고, 5世紀 中葉~後葉이라는 기간동안 장방형 목곽묘 및 ‘凸’자형 목곽묘, 적석목곽묘, 장방형 판석조 석곽묘 및 ‘凸’자형 석곽묘 등의 다양한 墳墓가 확인된다는 特徵을 가진다. 이 중 대형의 판석조 석곽은 지역 최고 지배층의 특수한 墳墓로 사용되었을 가능성이 높고, 평면형태 ‘凸’자형 墳墓의 피장자는 新羅 中央(慶州地域)을 제외한 주변지역을 중심으로 자리잡고 있었던 중ㆍ하위 등급의 지배층일 것으로 판단된다. 한편 5世紀 中葉~後葉 星州地域 以北의 洛東江 中上流 諸地域에서 확인되는 星州樣式 土器는 당시 星州地域 정치체의 정치적ㆍ사회적 권역을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 星州樣式 土器가 확인되는 대부분의 지역이 洛東江 沿岸 혹은 그 水系에 위치하고 있다는 사실은 당시 星州地域과 諸地域 사이의 교류에는 洛東江이 주요 교통로로 이용되었다는 것을 알 수 있게 해준다. 또한 당시 星州地域에서 洛東江 中上流 諸地域으로는 유물의 직접적인 이동은 물론 工人과 같은 인적자원의 이동, 토기제작과 관련된 아이디어나 모티브의 이동 등이 동시에 존재했다고 생각되며, 星州地域 정치체의 활발한 대외적 교류와 진출의 배경에는 안정된 新羅의 지방지배체제가 자리하고 있었을 것으로 판단된다. The change process of tombs in the Seongju area during the fifth and sixth centuries were identified as it’s change process were not different from the change process(in common seen ‘wooden chamber tomb-wooden chamber tomb with stone mound·stone lined tomb-stone chamber tomb’)of tombs in Yongnam district of those days. It’s most noticeable points were variety of many different tombs were verified in Seongju area during the middle to late fifth century, I guessed the flagstone lined tomb was used as the special tomb of the greatest local hierarchy and the tomb of ‘凸’style was used as endemic tomb of the provincial hierarchy except for Gyeongju area. Meanwhile, the distribution of the Seongju style pottery in the upper and middle areas of the Nakdong River represented the political and social area of the polities in the Seongju area during the fifth and sixth centuries, and the fact of the most areas found the Seongju style pottery were located in the coast and water system of the Nakdong River indicated the Nakdong River acted as the major traffic route to exchange between the Seongju area and several areas. And I thought there were not only direct movements of artifact but also ideas of the pottery-making and artisan to exchange between the Seongju area and the upper and middle areas of the Nakdong River. Finally, I supposed that actively external exchange of the polities in the Seongju area was caused by stable local rule mode of Silla.