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      • Polyviologen as a high energy density cathode in magnesium-ion batteries

        Ikhe, Amol Bhairuba,Naveen, Nirmalesh,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho Elsevier 2018 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.283 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Poly(hexyl viologen dichloride) (PHV-Cl) is described as a high energy density (ED) material in magnesium-based electrolytes. When coupled with Mg metal in all phenyl complex (APC) electrolytes, PHV-Cl cathodes demonstrate anion-transport behaviors with the reduction/oxidation of viologen units. This dual-ion type cell delivers a relatively high ED with reasonable stability during repeated charge/discharge (C/D) when compared with previously reported inorganic/organic cathodes in magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs). PHV-Cl shows a capacity of 171 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at an average discharge potential of 1.33 V vs. Mg/Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, resulting in a significantly high ED (227 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP>). The high ED characteristics of PHV-Cl are retained during repeated C/D cycles (201 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 50 C/D) in contrast to the relative instability of other previously reported organic cathodes. Herein, the electrochemical performance of PHV-Cl in various types of electrolytes is also described. This work suggests that viologen-based cathodes with anion-transport properties could be implemented to achieve high levels of ED and stability via a dual-ion mode in MIBs, particularly with currently available electrolytes that are compatible with magnesium metal.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Poly(hexyl viologen dichloride) is examined as a cathode in magnesium-ion batteries. </LI> <LI> When coupled with Mg, the cell operates in a dual ion mode. </LI> <LI> The polymer delivers a capacity of 171 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 1.33 V vs. Mg/Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (227 mWh g<SUP>−1</SUP>). </LI> <LI> High energy density of the polymer is retained during repeated charge/discharge. </LI> <LI> The performance is comparable or superior to that of other organic cathodes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Simultaneous Suppression of Metal Corrosion and Electrolyte Decomposition by Graphene Oxide Protective Coating in Magnesium-Ion Batteries: Toward a 4-V-Wide Potential Window

        Prabakar, S. J. Richard,Park, Chunguk,Ikhe, Amol Bhairuba,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.50

        <P>Despite remarkable developments in electrolyte systems over the past decades, magnesium-ion batteries still suffer from corrosion susceptibility and low anodic limits. Herein we describe how graphene oxide (GO), coated onto non-noble metals (Al, Cu, and stainless steel) via- electrophoretic deposition, can solve this problem. In all phenyl complex electrolytes, GO coating results in a significant suppression of corrosion and extends the anodic limits' (up to 4.0 V vs Mg/Mg2+) with no impact on reversible Mg plating/stripping reactions. The same effect of GO coating is also established in magnesium aluminum chloride complex electrolytes. This remarkable-improvement is associated with the electtostatic interaction between the ionic charges of electrolytes and the-surface-functional groups of GO: In addition, GO coating, does not aggravate the cathode performance of Mo6S8, which allows the use of non-noble metals as current collectors. We also discuss, the role of GO in. increasing anodic limits when it is hybridized with alpha-MnO2.</P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Spontaneous Formation of Interwoven Porous Channels in Hard-Wood-Based Hard-Carbon for High-Performance Anodes in Potassium-Ion Batteries

        Prabakar, S. J. Richard,Han, Su Cheol,Park, Chunguk,Bhairuba, Ikhe Amol,Reece, Michael J.,Sohn, Kee-Sun,Pyo, Myoungho Electrochemical Society 2017 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.164 No.9

        <P>For the first time we report that hard-wood (oak) can spontaneously create interconnected channels of mu m to nm in diameter during carbonization at an optimized temperature (1100 degrees C). These microstructural features have never been found in other hardcarbons without the use of additives. When compared with sucrose-based hard-carbon (SHC), oak-based hard-carbon (OHC) shows much higher charge-storage capability (ca. 223 vs. 112 mAh.g(-1) t 20 mA.g(-1)) and excellent stability (fading rate of 0.04 vs. 0.08% .cycle(-1)) as an anode in potassium-ion batteries. The high performance of OHC mainly results from interwoven nanoporous channels, which lead to facile charge transfer and fast K+-diffusion. (C)17 The Electrochemical Society.</P>

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