Effects of Hafnium Oxide on Short Channel Effects and DC Analysis for Double Gate Junctionless Transistors

Hitesh Kumar Phulawariya,Achinta Baidya,Reshmi Maity,Niladri Pratap Maity 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.4

In this paper, a silicon based two dimensional (2D) double gate junctionless transistor (JLT) is analyzed for its functional understanding and performance optimization feasibility. The DC characteristics and short channel effects (SCEs) analysis are performed for the proposed JLT structure. JLT with different structural parameter variation like gate length (10-80 nm), oxide thickness (1-5 nm), doping concentration (1 × 10 15 -1 × 10 19 cm -3 ), and raising source and drain thickness are investigated. The eff ect of these parameters and dielectric variation on the threshold voltage, drain current, transconductance, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold swing (SS) of the junctionless transistor also evaluated and analyzed. The analysis shows that the threshold voltage of JLT can be tuned by controlling device structural parameters. Further variation in gate oxide shows that JLT with hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) gives better device characteristics compare to JLTs with silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon-dioxide (SiO 2 ) . Use of high-k dielectric in gate oxide improves the JLT with respect to DIBL and SS. By choosing the proper channel doping, gate dielectric and their thickness combinations, the desired device characteristics could be obtained for junctionless transistor.

An algorithmic approach for performance tuning of a relational database system using dynamic SGA parameters

Sharma Hitesh Kumar,Choudhury Tanupriya,Tomar Ravi,Patni J. C.,Um Jung-Sup 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.6

In twenty-first century, spatial database are becoming complex in nature due to the diversity of resources to generate and collect these datasets. Efficient query handing and high performance is the key requirement for success for the expert systems (like GIS) using these spatial databases. However, relational database management systems (RDBMS) used for storing spatial datasets are struggling for auto-tuning, self-diagnosis and self-healing. To overcome these challenges for spatial database and RDBMS, we have identified 250 plus dynamic parameters, which are responsible for managing SGA (system global area) of a running instance of any RDBMS. These parameters can be controlled at runtime and allocation and deallocation of memory to the various components of SGA can be managed by changing the values of these parameters. In this research work, the data is collected related to the system parameters and the resources utilized by the system. The collected data is automatically analyzed to find the relation between parameters and resources. Based upon the relations (direct or inverse) the decision will be taken by the developed utility to enhance overall system performance. In this work a framework, related algorithms, and utility tool to perform above-said steps for improving performance are designed and implemented. This research work will help to get fast and efficient handling of spatial datasets, which will directly affect the performance of expert system to take quick decisions.

Influences of Financial Inclusion on Sustainable Development of India: Using Internet Subscribers as a Moderator

Swapnil Singh THAKUR(Swapnil Singh THAKUR ),Rahul Singh GAUTAM(Rahul Singh GAUTAM ),Ajay Kumar YADAV(Ajay Kumar YADAV ),Hitesh PATOLE(Hitesh PATOLE ),Aashi RAWAL(Aashi RAWAL ),Shailesh RASTOGI(Shailes 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

The goal of this study is to understand how financial inclusion (FI) as influenced by Internet subscribers in India, affects India’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study makes use of secondary data that was collected from 16 Indian states and one Union Territory between the fiscal years of 2018 and 2020. The goal of this study has been investigated using panel data regression analysis (PDR). And the study’s findings indicate that wages received through MNREGA accounts and post office operating accounts under the supervision of Internet subscribers have a significant negative impact on India’s SDGs, demonstrating how financial inclusion is harming the country’s efforts to achieve sustainable development. This study suggests that it is important to pay attention to rural areas’ access to the digital environment and their degree of digital literacy. These findings imply that improving the MGNREGA program and employees’ pay might help the government alleviate poverty in India. Financial inclusion also depends heavily on financial literacy. The government should improve its digital infrastructure in rural and urban areas so that people there may better understand and utilize it given that it promotes financial inclusion, digitalization, economic advancement, rural development, and poverty reduction.

Regression Test Cases Minimization for Object Oriented Programming using New Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm

Swapan Kumar Mondal,Dr. Hitesh Tahbildar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.6

Mitochondrial sequence based characterization and morphometric assessment of Diara buffalo population

Singh Karan Veer,Purohit Hitesh,Singh Ramesh Kumar 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The present study is aimed at phenotypic characterization and mitochondrial d-loop analysis of indigenous “Diara” buffalo population, which are mostly confined to the villages on the South and North Gangetic marshy plains in the Bihar state of India. These buffaloes are well adapted and are best suited for ploughing and puddling the wet fields meant for paddy cultivation. Methods: Biometric data on 172 buffaloes were collected using a standard flexible tape measure. Animals are medium in size; the typical morphometric features are long head with a broad forehead and moderately long and erect ears. Genomic DNA was isolated from unrelated animals. The mtDNA d‐loop 358‐bp sequence data was generated and compared with 338 sequences belonging to riverine and swamp buffaloes. Results: Based on the mitochondrial d-loop analysis the Diara buffaloes were grouped along with the haplotypes reported for riverine buffalo. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7 mitochondrial D loop haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.9643. Five of the haplotypes were shared with established swamp breeds and with Buffalo population of Orissa in India. Conclusion: Morphometric analyses clearly shows distinguishing features like long and broad forehead which may be useful in identification. The germplasm of Diara buffalo is much adapted to the marshy banks of river Ganga and its tributaries. It constitutes a valuable genetic resource which needs to be conserved on priority basis. Objective: The present study is aimed at phenotypic characterization and mitochondrial d-loop analysis of indigenous “Diara” buffalo population, which are mostly confined to the villages on the South and North Gangetic marshy plains in the Bihar state of India. These buffaloes are well adapted and are best suited for ploughing and puddling the wet fields meant for paddy cultivation.Methods: Biometric data on 172 buffaloes were collected using a standard flexible tape measure. Animals are medium in size; the typical morphometric features are long head with a broad forehead and moderately long and erect ears. Genomic DNA was isolated from unrelated animals. The mtDNA d‐loop 358‐bp sequence data was generated and compared with 338 sequences belonging to riverine and swamp buffaloes.Results: Based on the mitochondrial d-loop analysis the Diara buffaloes were grouped along with the haplotypes reported for riverine buffalo. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7 mitochondrial D loop haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.9643. Five of the haplotypes were shared with established swamp breeds and with Buffalo population of Orissa in India.Conclusion: Morphometric analyses clearly shows distinguishing features like long and broad forehead which may be useful in identification. The germplasm of Diara buffalo is much adapted to the marshy banks of river Ganga and its tributaries. It constitutes a valuable genetic resource which needs to be conserved on priority basis.

Differential Expression of Th1- and Th2- Type Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) on TLR2 Induction by B. Subtilis Peptidoglycan

Shah, Syed M.,Ravi Kumar, G.V.P.P.S.,Brah, G.S.,Santra, Lakshman,Pawar, Hitesh Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) discriminate microbial pathogens and induce T-cell responses of appropriate effector phenotype accordingly. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in part, mediate this microbial recognition and differentiation while the development of T-cell effector functions critically depends on the release of Th1- or Th2- type cytokines. In the present study, buffalo PBMCs were stimulated under in vitro culture conditions by Bacillus subtilis cell wall petidoglycan, a TLR2 ligand, in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The expression of TLR2 as well as the subsequent differential induction of the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines was measured. Stimulation was analyzed across five doses of peptidoglycan ($10{\mu}g/ml$, $20{\mu}g/ml$, $30{\mu}g/ml$, $40{\mu}g/ml$ and $50{\mu}g/ml$) for 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h incubation periods. We observed the induction of TLR2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and the peptidoglycan induced tolerance beyond $30{\mu}g/ml$ dose at all incubation periods. The correlation between peptidoglycan stimulation and TLR2 induction was found positive at all doses and for all incubation periods. Increased production of all the cytokines was observed at low doses for 3 h incubation, but the expression of IL-4 was relatively higher than IL-12 at the higher antigen doses, indicating tailoring towards Th2 response. At 12 h incubation, there was a pronounced decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 expression relative to IL-12 in a dose- dependent manner, indicating skewing to Th1 polarization. The expression of IL-12 was highest for all doses across all the incubation intervals at 24 h incubation, indicating Th1 polarization. The relative expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ was also higher while that of IL-4 and IL-10 showed a decrease. For 36 h incubation, at low doses, relative increase in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was observed which decreased at higher doses, as did the expression of all other cytokines. The exhaustion of cytokine production at 36 h indicated that PBMCs became refractory to further stimulation. It can be concluded from this study that the cytokine response to sPGN initially was of Th2 type which skews, more pronouncedly, to Th1 type with time till the cells become refractory to further stimulation.

Anomalous cutaneous branch of median nerve in arm: a report of anatomical variation with clinical implications

Seema Singh,Neerja Rani,Parul Kaushal,Hitesh Kumar,A Sharrif,T S Roy 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.2

The objective of the study was to observe and document the variation on the subject of branches of the median nerve. This report will assist clinicians and surgeons by considering anatomical variation associated with the median nerve in interpreting atypical clinical presentations. The arm and forearm region of a 55 year embalmed male cadaver during educational gross anatomy dissection. We found that an anomalous cutaneous branch arising from the median nerve in the right arm which was passing deep to the tendon of the biceps brachii. Later it enters the cubital fossa and then it is accompanied by the superficial vein of the forearm. The other limb of the cadaver did not show any such variation. No other neural, arterial or muscular variation was observed in either of the limbs. A rare anatomical variation in which the anomalous cutaneous branch arising from the median nerve in the right arm which is later accompanied by a superficial vein in the forearm. Such knowledge is advantageous in nerve grafting and neurophysiological evaluation for diagnosing peripheral neuropathies.

Manganese nanocarrier for matrix metalloproteinase 9 responsive delivery of irinotecan for colon cancer treatment

Sejal Chauhan,Raghu Solanki,Ashok Kumar Jangid,Poonam Jain,Pranjali Pranjali,Sunita Patel,Anupam Guleria,Deep Pooja,Hitesh Kulhari 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

Enzyme responsive nanocarriers are reactive or sensitive towards a specific enzyme and, therefore, havethe advantages of low systemic toxicity, targeted delivery, and superior therapeutic effect with high efficiency. In this study, we have developed a matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) enzyme responsive manganesenanocarrier for the site-specific delivery of anticancer drugs. Manganese nanoparticles werecoated with G5 PAMAM dendrimers and loaded with irinotecan hydrochloride (IRI). The drug loadednanoparticles were further coated with collagen-IV (Col-IV) peptide, an MMP9 substrate, to make themMMP9 responsive (Col-IV@IRI-G5MNP). The developed nanoparticles were monodispersed with size ofabout 12 nm and high IRI encapsulation efficiency (80%). A faster but controlled IRI release was observedfrom Col-IV@IRI-G5MNP in HEPES buffer containing MMP9 enzyme. When incubated with human redblood cells, the nanoformulation was hemocompatible and caused <2% hemolysis. The anticancer activityof Col-IV@IRI-G5MNP against HCT116 human colon cancer cells was better than free IRI. The cell viability ofHCT116 cells incubated with 25 lg/mL Col-IV@IRI-G5MNP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the cellsincubated with free IRI. Further, Col-IV@IRI-G5MNP showed paramagnetic nature and good T2 relaxivity ata very low concentration, suggesting its potential use for diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective Comparison of Benefits Derived From Contralateral Routing of Signal Hearing Aid and Bone Conduction Device in Noisy Surroundings in Patients With Single-Sided Deafness

Sikka Kapil,Yogal Rijendra,Thakar Alok,Kumar Rakesh,Chaudhary Tanvi,Bhartiya Mao,Verma Hitesh,Sharma Sonam,Singh Chirom Amit 대한청각학회 2022 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.26 No.4

Background and Objectives: Single-sided deafness (SSD) leads to non-participation of the diseased ear in generating adequate auditory input, which results in poor speech discrimination in noisy surroundings. The present study objectively compared the audiological benefits rendered by contralateral routing of signal (CROS) hearing aid and bone conduction device (BCD) in patients with SSD >70 dB HL using the modified hearing in noise test (HINT).Materials and Methods: Patients with SSD >70 dB HL in poor and clinically normal hearing in the better ear were enrolled. Patients aged <18 or >70 years, with a history of neurological insult or ear infection in the last 3 months, mental retardation, psychiatric or developmental disorders, and diabetes were excluded. Modified HINT was performed with the affected ear unaided, aided with CROS hearing aid, and with BCD, generating three groups. Noise signal was presented at a fixed intensity of 65 dB at the neutral position in the center and speech signal was presented to either ear sequentially. The test was repeated with the speech signal fixed at the neutral position and the noise signal presented to either ear.Results: BCD led to a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than CROS hearing aid in all situations except when noise was centralized and speech was presented to the affected ear.Conclusions: A benefit was observed when auditory rehabilitation was used for the affected ear as demonstrated by better SNR scores. The results showed that BCD performed better than CROS hearing aid.

Clinical and Social Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Older Prelinguals

Tyagi Pragya,Chauhan Divya,Singh Anup,Bhutada Mayank,Sikka Kapil,Chaudhary Tanvi,Sharma Sonam,Agarwal Shivani,Verma Hitesh,Sagar Prem,Kumar Rakesh,Thakar Alok 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cochlear implantation in late implanted prelinguals necessitates a complex decision-making process for clinicians and patients due to the uncertainty of achieving adequate benefit in auditory and speech perception. This study longitudinally evaluated clinical and social outcomes of prelingually deaf children with implantation in their late childhood.Subjects and Methods: A total of 113 (49 females and 64 males) participants, with an age range of 5-15 years, were assessed for the pre-implant parameters such as hearing loss etiology, aided responses, anatomical aspects, and psychological evaluation. The Category of Auditory Performance, Speech Awareness Threshold, Speech Reception Threshold, and Speech Discrimination Score were administered to assess the patient’s auditory skills. Further, the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale was administered to evaluate the patient’s speech intelligibility at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-surgery. Subjectively perceived benefits were evaluated using the satisfaction rating scale and a questionnaire.Results: The statistical results showed a significant impact of cochlear implantation in all domains. Positive impact and improvement post-implantation were noted in all the spheres, including auditory, linguistic, social, and educational.Conclusions: The study highlighted that the outcomes of a cochlear implant at a later age might not parallel with the implantation at a younger age. However, this still provides measurable benefits even after a longer period of auditory deprivation.