Biomass 유래 퓨란계 단량체를 이용한 폴리에스터의 중합 및 특성 연구

정용석(Yong Seong Chung),이영철(Young Chul Lee),서강진(Kang Jin Seo),김명준(Myeong Jun Kim),정지혜(Ji Hea Jeong),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.6

바이오매스에서 유래된 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran(DHMF)을 KMnO4 산화반응으로 furan-2,5- dicarboxylic acid(FDCA)를 합성하였다. 합성한 FDCA와 다이올류를 에스테르화 반응과 축중합 반응을 진행시 켜 폴리에스터를 중합하였다. 폴리에스터는 NMR을 통해 조성을 분석하였고 DSC와 TGA를 통해 열적특성을 분 석하였다. 합성된 폴리에스터의 고유점도는 0.78∼1.2 dL/g으로 상용화된 poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) 와 비슷하였다. 다이올의 길이가 증가할수록 Young`s modulus와 strength는 낮아지고 elongation-to-break는 높아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 합성한 poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate)(PEF)의 Young`s modulus는 3551 MPa, strength는 103 MPa로 상용화된 PET와 비슷하였다. Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was synthesized by KMnO4 oxidation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran( DHMF) derived from biomass. Polyesters were synthesized by esterification and polycondensation of FDCA with various diols(ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane- 1,6-diol, decane-1,10-diol). The composition of polyesters was characterized by using 1H NMR. Thermal properties of the polyesters were characterized by DSC and TGA. Intrinsic viscosities(IV) of the polyesters were measured to be 0.78∼1.2 dL/g comparable with IV of commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET). As the chain lengths of diols increased, Young`s modulus and strength decreased and elongation-to-break generally increased. Young`s modulus and strength of the polyesters were measured to be 3551 MPa and 103 MPa, respectively, comparable with commercial PET.

여성 관상동맥질환자의 동기요인이 건강행위에 미치는 영향 요인

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Background: Misconceptions exist that coronary artery disease(CAD) is a male dominant disease, although the leading cause of death due to heart disease in women increased 7.1% from 2001 to 2004 in Korea. Lack of motivational factors to health behavior change places women at risk for subsequent CAD events. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate motivational factors to health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Methods: Structured questionnaires survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 81 adult women in a cammunity setting. The subjects were recruited for an interview at outpatient clinic in hospitals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regressions. Results; There were significant correlations between motivational factors and health behaviors(r=.664). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that 57% of variance in health behaviors was explained by self-efficacy and perceived benefits among four motivation variables(F=54.438 p<.01). However, there were no significant predicting factors of perceived barriers and emotional salience among motivational factors to health behaviors. Self-efficacy contributed the greatest amount of variance in health behaviors(β=.585), followed by perceived benefits(β=.226). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that self-efficacy was very important in predicting health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Thus it would be necessary to include motivational factors in designing rehabilitation program to practice and adherence health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease.

지역별 보건소 이용의 만족도에 관한 연구 : 경북지역을 중심으로

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and utilization and awareness of health center and satisfaction's affecting factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of 292 adult at three health centers on middle size cities in Gyeong San Buk-Do. Data was collected from August 2006 to June 2007 using structured questionnaires. One-way ANOVA were used to test satisfaction of health centers, utilization and awareness of health center and Kruskal-Wallis and Scheffe's test were used to test recommendation of health center and Post Hoc multiple comparison by using SPSS 14.0 for windows. Results: The satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers was related to age, educational level and family income and the difference of satisfaction of health centers were in comfortable surroundings, satisfaction of facilities, generosity of staff members and full explanation. The utilization and awareness of health center were differ from community areas. Conclusions: Further studies need to be done to investigate additional effects of satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers and to investigate nursing approaches for community dwellers to improve their satisfaction of health centers.

복합비타민 유제의 제조와 평가

이문석,조혜영,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2002 약품개발연구지 Vol.11 No.-

Water-lipid soluble multivitamin formulations were widely used to reduce the disease and stress of animals as husbandry has made a remarkable progress in recent. But the efficiency of these formulations is far from satisfactory. So, this study was attempted to develop the physically and chemically stable and useful multivitamin o/w emulsion. Multivitamin o/w emulsion composed of water, soybean oil (10%, v/v), vitamin A, D, E, K, B_2, B_6, B_12 and panthenol. To make a stable o/w emulsion , the egg lecithin (2%, w/v) and glycerin (2.5%, w/v) were used for emulsifier and thickening agent, respectively. The oil in water emulsion system was manufactured by microfluidizer and the physicochemical stability of this emulsion was evaluated. The average particle size and interfacial tension were measured. From the result of interfacial tension tested, critical micelle concentration of the egg lecithin was 0.5% (w/v) and optimal concentration for the preparation of emulsion was 2% (w/v). The mean particle size was about 0.6 ㎛ which was suitable for injections. Short-term accelerated stability as physical stability study was tested by centrifuging and freeze-thawing the emulsion samples. The additions of vitamins resulted in the increment of particle size and reduction of physical stability of emulsion. But it is not an enormous problem for the stability of emulsion. Also, we have performed the long-period preservation stability test for the vitamins. All vitamins were analysed by HPLC. The result of storage under 4℃ and dark conditions demonstrated that all vitamins were maintained stable at least 16 weeks, except for vitamin B_12.

신뢰 및 세계관이 위험지각에 미치는 영향

이영애,임혜숙 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 2005 PMORP WORKSHOP : 위험지각의 심리적 메카니즘 Vol.2005 No.

본 연구는 전문가와 비전문가의 신뢰 및 세계관이 위험물의 지각에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 비전문가는 전문가보다 원자력을 더 위험하다고 평가한 반면, 전문가는 비전문가에 비해 일상적 활동과 경제적 활동을 더 위험하다고 판단하였다. 위험지각에 미치는 신뢰와 세계관의 영향에 있어서 두 집단은 질적, 양적 차이를 보였다. 비전문가는 정부와 과학자 등 위험관리 대상에 대한 신뢰가 전문가보다 낮았으며, 신뢰와 위험지각 간에 부적 상관을 보였다. 비전문가들은 위계주의 및 운명주의와 여러 위험지각 영역들 간에 폭넓은 상관을 보였으나, 전문가들은 그렇지 않았다. 위험지각에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과, 신뢰와 세계관이 비전문가들의 위험지각에 전반적으로 영향을 주었다. 본 연구의 결과들은 위험관리 및 의사소통과 관련하여 논의되었다. The present study was to explore the effects of trust and worldviews on risk perception between experts and public. Both group showed qualitative differences on risk perception. Compared with the experts, the public perceived nuclear energy more risky, whereas experts perceived daily life and economic activities as more risky. The public showed lower level of trust on the government, scientists and technologies than the experts. It was found that there was a negative correlation between the trust and the risk perception. Compared with the experts, the public showed significant correlation between hierarchy and fatalism worldviews and risk perception. Regression analyses of risk perception indicated that trust and worldviews appear to affect the risk perception of the public. The implication of the results were discussed in the context of risk management and risk communication.

복합비타민 유제의 제조와 평가

이문석,조혜영,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

Water-lipid soluble multivitamin formulations were widely used to reduce the disease and stress of animals as husbandry has made a remarkable progress in recent. But the efficiency of these formulations is far from satisfactory. So, this study was attempted to develop the physically and chemically stable and useful multivitamin o/w emulsion. Multivitamin o/w emulsion composed of water, soybean oil (10%, vlv), vitamin A, D, E, K, B_2, B_6, B_12 and panthenol. To make a stable o/w emulsion, the egg lecithin (2%, w/v) and glycerin (2.5%, w/v) were used for emulsifier and thickening agent, respectively. The oil in water emulsion system was manufactured by microfluidizer and the physicochemical stability of this emulsion was evaluated. The average particle size and interfacial tension were measured. From the result of interfacial tension tested, critical micelle concentration of the egg lecithin was 0.5% (w/v) and optimal concentration for the preparation of emulsion was 2% (w/v). The mean particle size was about 0.6 μm which was suitable for injections. Short-term accelerated stability as physical stability study was tested by centrifuging and freeze-thawing the emulsion samples. The additions of vitamins resulted in the increment of particle size and reduction of physical stability of emulsion. But it is not an enormous problem for the stability of emulsion. Also, we have performed the long-period preservation stability test for the vitamins. All vitamins were analysed by HPLC. The result of storage under 4℃ and dark conditions demonstrated that all vitamins were maintained stable at least 16 weeks, except for vitamin B_12.

무코스타정(레바미피드 100mg)에 대한 레바미드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.4

Rebamipide is a novel anti-gastric ulcer agent that has been reported to increase the synthesis of mucus, to increase the mucosal concentration of prostaglandin, and to promote rapid ulcer healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, Mucosta^TM (Otsuka Korea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Rebamide^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The rebamipide release from the two rebamipide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 24.20±2.26 years in age and 66.19±9.41 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100 mg of rebamipide was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two rebamipide tablets were very similar at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Mucosta^TM were -2.57%, 5.77% and -1.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 12.62% and 17.63% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were above 99.00% and 88.56%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within 20% (e.g., -9.96∼4.82 and -4.54∼16.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Rebamide^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Mucosta^TM tablet.

무코스타 정(레바미피드 100 mg) 에 대한 레바미드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,오인준,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Rebamipide is a novel anti-gastric ulcer agent that has been reported to increase the synthesis of mucus. to increase the mucosal concentration of prostaglandin, and to promote rapid ulcer healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, Mucosta^TM (Otsuka Korea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Rebamide^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The rebamipide release from the two rebamipide tablets in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 24.20±2.26 years in age and 66.19±9.41㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100㎎ of rebamipide was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two rebamipide tablets were very similar at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Mucosta^TM were -2.57%, 5.77% and - 1.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 12.62% and 17.63% for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max. were above 99.00% and 88.56%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -9.96~4.82 and -4.54~16.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Rebamide^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Mucosta^TM tablet.

비유피-4 정(염산프로피베린 20㎎)에 대한 건일염산프로피베린 정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,김세미,박찬호,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two propiverine hydrochloride tablets. BUP-4 (Jeil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The propiverine release from the two propiverine hydrochloride formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solutions, water and blend of polysorbate 80 into pH 6.8). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.73 ± 2.79 years in age and 67.04 ± 7.93 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 20 mg as propiverine hydrochloride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of propiverine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dis-solution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC" C _(max) and T _(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC, C_(max), and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the BUP-4 were 0.17%, 7.98% and 4.55% for AUC,, C_(max), and respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically trans-formed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.88)-log(l .12) and log(0.90)-log(l.15) for AUC, and _(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride tablet was bioequivalent to BUP-4 tablet.

유한세프라딘 캅셀(세프라딘 500mg)에 대한 브로드세프 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,이석,강현아,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Cephradine is a first generation cephalosporin and has broad spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, through inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cephradine is useful for treatment of infections of the urinary and respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephradine capsules, Cefradine Yuhan(YuHan Corporation) and Broadcef (Ilsung Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cephradine release from the two cephradine capsules in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, 23.10±2.90 years in age and 67.69±8.04 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 500㎎ as cephradine was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cephradine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cephradine capsules were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two capsules based on the Cefradine Yuhan were -2.87%, -0.96% and -4.85%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameter. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g.,log(0.93)∼log(1.02) and log(0.88)∼log(1.13) for AUC_t and C)max, respectively). The 90% confidence interval using untransformed data was within ±20% (e.g., -17.54∼7.78 for T_max). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Broadcef capsule is bioequivalent to Cefradine Yuhan capsule.