Triterpene Glycoside Cucumarioside A_2-2 from Sea Cucumber Stimulates Mouse Immune Cell Adhesion, Spreading, and Motility

Dmitry L. Aminin,Tatyana Y. Gorpenchenko,Viktor P. Bulgakov,Polina V. Andryjashchenko,Sergey A. Avilov,Vladimir I. Kalinin 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6

Holothurian triterpene glycosides are known to possess multiple biological activities. Here we show that cucumarioside A_2-2 from the Far-Eastern edible holothurian Cucumaria japonica possesses potent immunomodulatory properties. The present studies were done to determine if cucumarioside A_2-2 would affect macrophage adhesion, spreading, and motility. Resident peritoneal macrophages, collected from BALB/c mice, were exposed in vitro to low concentrations of cucumarioside A_2-2 and compared with appropriate controls. Results indicate that 0.02 μg/mL cucumarioside A_2-2 significantly enhanced macrophage morphology parameters and behavior. The glycoside stimulated these parameters by increasing the number of cells with increased adhesion properties as well as the spreading reaction and motility velocity by at least almost twofold. The data are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of cucumarioside A_2-2.

독점 및 복점시장 판매자의 부정적 정보 공개에 관한 실험 연구

( Dmitry A. Shapiro ),이재선 ( Jaesun Lee ) 한국경제학회 2022 The Korean Economic Review Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 독점 및 복점시장에서 판매자가 상품에 대한 품질정보를 독점하여 구매자가 알 수 없는 상황에서의 정보공개에 대한 결정을 경제학실험으로 살펴보았다. 본 실험에서 판매자는 상품 정보에 대한 정직한 혹은 부정직한 cheap-talk 메세지를 소비자에게 보냄으로써 품질에 대한 정보공개 여부를 결정한다. 실험 결과, 낮은 품질의 상품 판매자가 품질정보에 대한 기만 없이 정직하게 정보를 공개하는 경향이 존재하며, 판매자가 낮은 품질정보를 기만 없이 제공할 때, 이는 복점시장에서 상품차별화로 귀결되어 소비자가 높은 비율로 상품을 구매하는 결과로 이어졌다. 한편, 이러한 낮은 품질 정보의 제공이 판매자 이익에 부정적인 영향을 주는지는 분명하지 않았다: 대체로 부정적인 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았고, 어떤 시장조건들 하에서는 오히려 긍정적인 영향을 보였다. 낮은 품질정보의 공개는 상품 구매율을 향상시킴으로써 독점시장에서 긍정적인 후생 효 과를 가져온 반면, 복점시장 하에서는 비효율적인 낮은 품질 상품의 구매율을 높임으로써 전체 후생에 미약하거나 부정적인 영향을 보였다. We provide an experimental analysis of the setting where a seller, either a monopolist or a duopolist, sells a product with quality that is unobservable to buyers. The seller can send either an honest or dishonest cheap-talk message to buyers about the product quality. We show that low-quality sellers have a positive propensity to communicate their low-quality to buyers. Communicating low-quality results in buyers’ higher-propensity to purchase the product and introduces product differentiation in a duopoly. We do not find strong evidence that communicating low-quality information negatively affects sellers’ profit: the effect is often insignificant, and in some treatments it becomes significantly positive. Finally, revealing negative information has a strong positive welfare effect in a monopoly, where it raises the likelihood of product purchase; but a weak or negative effect in a duopoly, where it boosts the likelihood of purchasing a socially inefficient low-quality product.

Tandem Solar Cells from Solution-Processed CdTe and PbS Quantum Dots Using a ZnTe–ZnO Tunnel Junction

Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2

<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Deep learning in nickel-based superalloys solvus temperature simulation

Dmitry A., Tarasov,Andrey G., Tyagunov,Oleg B., Milder Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.5

Modeling the properties of complex alloys such as nickel superalloys is an extremely challenging scientific and engineering task. The model should take into account a large number of uncorrelated factors, for many of which information may be missing or vague. The individual contribution of one or another chemical element out of a dozen possible ligants cannot be determined by traditional methods. Moreover, there are no general analytical models describing the influence of elements on the characteristics of alloys. Artificial neural networks are one of the few statistical modeling tools that can account for many implicit correlations and establish correspondences that cannot be identified by other more familiar mathematical methods. However, such networks require careful tuning to achieve high performance, which is time-consuming. Data preprocessing can make model training much easier and faster. This article focuses on combining physics-based deep network configuration and input data engineering to simulate the solvus temperature of nickel superalloys. The used deep artificial neural network shows good simulation results. Thus, this method of numerical simulation can be easily applied to such problems.

Deep learning in nickel-based superalloys solvus temperature simulation

Dmitry A., Tarasov,Andrey G., Tyagunov,Oleg B., Milder Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.5

Modeling the properties of complex alloys such as nickel superalloys is an extremely challenging scientific and engineering task. The model should take into account a large number of uncorrelated factors, for many of which information may be missing or vague. The individual contribution of one or another chemical element out of a dozen possible ligants cannot be determined by traditional methods. Moreover, there are no general analytical models describing the influence of elements on the characteristics of alloys. Artificial neural networks are one of the few statistical modeling tools that can account for many implicit correlations and establish correspondences that cannot be identified by other more familiar mathematical methods. However, such networks require careful tuning to achieve high performance, which is time-consuming. Data preprocessing can make model training much easier and faster. This article focuses on combining physics-based deep network configuration and input data engineering to simulate the solvus temperature of nickel superalloys. The used deep artificial neural network shows good simulation results. Thus, this method of numerical simulation can be easily applied to such problems.

Future of Railways - in Open Systems?

Dmitry A. Macheret 한국철도학회 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.4

The article suggests criteria of dividing transport systems into systems of limited and open access. Possibilities of implementing principles of the open access in conjunction with the adaptive control at the railway transport have been analyzed. The author makes a grounded conclusion that the development of transport systems based on the open access and adaptive control can play a positive role in overcoming the global instability of the economy and form prerequisites of its stable grows.

Role of Rail Transport in Business Activities

Dmitry A. Macheret 한국도시철도학회 2013 IJAR Vol.1 No.1

The article shows the role of the railway transport in the implementation of business activities. Classification of variants of the railway transport usage as a tool for the implementation of revenue opportunities is proposed. For each option a methodology for the transport costs assessment is developed. The essence of the entrepreneurial aspect of the railway transport in the sphere of cargo transportation is described. Conclusion about the need of flexible railway tariff change in reaction to market changes is made.

Future of Railways - in Open Systems?

Macheret, Dmitry A. The Korean Society for Railway 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.4

The article suggests criteria of dividing transport systems into systems of limited and open access. Possibilities of implementing principles of the open access in conjunction with the adaptive control at the railway transport have been analyzed. The author makes a grounded conclusion that the development of transport systems based on the open access and adaptive control can play a positive role in overcoming the global instability of the economy and form prerequisites of its stable grows.

<i>MsrB1</i>(Methionine-R-sulfoxide Reductase 1) Knock-out Mice : <i>ROLES OF MsrB1 IN REDOX REGULATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL SELENOPROTEIN FORM</i>

Fomenko, Dmitri E.,Novoselov, Sergey V.,Natarajan, Sathish Kumar,Lee, Byung Cheon,Koc, Ahmet,Carlson, Bradley A.,Lee, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Hwa-Young,Hatfield, Dolph L.,Gladyshev, Vadim N. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.9

<P>Protein oxidation has been linked to accelerated aging and is a contributing factor to many diseases. Methionine residues are particularly susceptible to oxidation, but the resulting mixture of methionine R-sulfoxide (Met-RO) and methionine S-sulfoxide (Met-SO) can be repaired by thioredoxin-dependent enzymes MsrB and MsrA, respectively. Here, we describe a knock-out mouse deficient in selenoprotein MsrB1, the main mammalian MsrB located in the cytosol and nucleus. In these mice, in addition to the deletion of 14-kDa MsrB1, a 5-kDa selenoprotein form was specifically removed. Further studies revealed that the 5-kDa protein occurred in both mouse tissues and human HEK 293 cells; was down-regulated by MsrB1 small interfering RNA, selenium deficiency, and selenocysteine tRNA mutations; and was immunoprecipitated and recognized by MsrB1 antibodies. Specific labeling with (75)Se and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the 5-kDa selenoprotein corresponded to the C-terminal sequence of MsrB1. The MsrB1 knock-out mice lacked both 5- and 14-kDa MsrB1 forms and showed reduced MsrB activity, with the strongest effect seen in liver and kidney. In addition, MsrA activity was decreased by MsrB1 deficiency. Liver and kidney of the MsrB1 knock-out mice also showed increased levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, protein methionine sulfoxide, and oxidized glutathione as well as reduced levels of free and protein thiols, whereas these parameters were little changed in other organs examined. Overall, this study established an important contribution of MsrB1 to the redox control in mouse liver and kidney and identified a novel form of this protein.</P>

Remote Acoustic Sensing methods for Studies in Oceanology

Victor A. Akulichev,Vladimir V. Bezotvetnykh,Alexander V. Burenin,Engeny A. Voytenko,Sergey I. Kamenev,Yury N. Morgunov,Yury A. Polovinka,Dmitry S. Strobykin 한국해양과학기술원 2006 Ocean science journal Vol.41 No.2

In this paper, the lines of investigation on a problem of the development of remote acoustic sensing methods in oceanology are formulated. This paper summarizes the results of investigations into the possibilities for monitoring temperature and flow fields in shallow seas. In the discussed experiments, the instrumentation being constituents of the complex for long-duration remote monitoring of marine medium climatic variability and that of the acoustic tomography of shallow sea dynamic processes is used. The acoustic instruments were located on the POI FEB RAS acousto-hydrophysical polygon (Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) near the Gamov Peninsula. Acoustic receiving and transmitting systems operating with multiplex phase-manipulated signals (of M-codes) at frequency range 250-2500 Hz form the basis for this complex.