2001년 5월과 6월 서태평양에서의 Thermosalinograph 관측

이재학,전동철,황상철,정병철,황근춘,이하웅 한국해양과학기술원 2002 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.24 No.3

We have analyzed sea surface temperature and salinity data collected in the western Pacific Ocean by using an automated Thermosalinograph (TSG) installed on the RV Onnuri during May - June of 2001. The TSG data exhibit characteristics of water masses distributed in the near surface layer of the cruise area very well. Especially, they reveal the diurnal surface temperature cycle and the effect of rainfall on temperature and salinity in the equatorial region, showing the effectiveness of the use of TSG. Problems to be improved for the better TSG operation are the method of water sampling and calibration of TSG sensors. Installation of a pressure gauge in the TSG system and periodical sensor calibration are strongly recommended to ensure reliability of data. 및 토의2001년 5-6월 한국해양연구원에서 연구선 온누리호를 이용하여 수행된 서태평양 대양항해 중 자동 기록으로 획득된 TSG 자료를 분석하고 이의 운용상 문제점 및 개선책을 제시하였다. 관측된 TSG 값은 CTD 측정값에 비하여 수온은 약 +0.3oC, 염분은 시간에 따라 약 0.06에서 +0.04 psu 편향오류를 보여주었으며, 관측오류의 요인은 취수된 해수의 TSG까지 이동시 수온 상승과 TSG 내에서의 미세한 기포로 판단된다. TSG 운용상 제기된 문제점은 TSG 센서를 통과하는 해수의 공급의 방법(즉, 통과 유속 증가에 의한 센서 통과 해수 내 기포 생성 유무)과 자료(특히, 염분) 검정 문제였다. 관측오류를 감소시키기 위하여 TSG 상태를 쉽게 판단할 수 있도록 기포감지기와 압력계의 설치가 필요하며, TSG 센서의 사전 검·교정이 이루어졌을 경우라도 TSG 자료를 검정할 수 있는 CTD 또는 염분계에 의한 현장 측정이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다.TSG 자료는 동중국해 대륙붕, 쿠로시오 통과해역, 필리핀해 및 서태평양 적도해역 표층의 해황을 잘 나타내었다. 특히, 적도해역에서 표층수온은 약 0.4-1.3oC 변화 폭의 뚜렷한 일 변화를 보여주었고 일중 최고 및 최저 수온은 현지 시간으로 14-15시 및 5-6시경으로 나타나 수온 상승 시간이 하강 시간보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 기상 자료와 비교 결과 구름에 의한 태양복사 차단 영향이 약 0.5oC 정도임을 시사해주었다. 적도해역에서 특징적인 염분 변화는 수 십 분에서 수 시간 지속되는 저염의 peak로 이는 열대 소나기성 강우의 영향으로 판단되며 수온도 약 0.2-0.6oC 정도로 낮아지는 영향을 주는 것으로 관측되었다.TSG 자료로부터 여러 해양물리학적 해석이 가능하였던 점은 TSG의 유용성을 나타낸 것으로 적절한 자료 처리 과정을 거치면 TSG 자료가 항해 해역 표층의 물리적인 해황 특성을 정확하게 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이는 또한 국내의 TSG 운용의 수준이 SOOP(2001)과 같은 선박을 이용한 해양 표층 해황의 모니터링 프로그램에 참가 할 수 있는 수준에 근접해 가고 있음을 나타낸 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 앞으로는 연구사업에 관련된 항해에서뿐만 아니라 모든 항해 기간 중 TSG 자료가 획득될 수 있도록 하여 유용한 자료의 누적을 도모하고 연구선 활용의 효율을 높여야 할 것이다. 아울러 TSG 자료를 전지구해양예보를 위한 자료동화에 이용될 수 있도록 위성통신 등을 이용한 준 실시간 자료 전달 체계의 구성이 바람직하다.

새로이 指定된 科學的 特別關心區域

蔣舜槿(Soon-Keun Chang) 한국해양과학기술원 1990 KOREAN JOURNAL of Polar Research Vol.1 No.1

과학기술 ODA 사업에서의 현지 R&D센터 활용에 관한 연구 : 한국해양과학기술원과 마이크로네시아 ‘흑진주 생산연구’ 사례를 중심으로

장덕희,강길모,권문상,박흥식,김태영,임형백 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate, through case studies, the usefulness of utilizing local R&D centers under science and technology ODA programs. For the past few decades, advanced countries have supported ODA projects of developing countries, but there have been negative opinions regarding the results. Through a case study of the black pearl cultivation project between the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology and Micronesia, this study explains the usefulness of actively utilizing Korean R&D centers established and operational in recipient countries. Although black pearl cultivation is not an ODA project, the case study offers valuable insights as it is operated in a similar form and thus highly applicable to future projects. Based on the case study, four implications were derived to ensure the successful operations of science and technology ODA projects in the future. First, there is a need to improve relevance by making use of the technological capacities of local R&D institutes to develop projects that reflect the needs of recipient and donor countries. Second, trust must be established with local communities over the long term in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of project operations. Third, the proportion of science and technology ODA projects must be expanded to acquire sustainability, and more support should be granted to ODA projects involving marine resources, which are an advantage for countries of Micronesia. Lastly, the locals should be offered employment opportunities and regular training programs to allow for the actual transfer of knowledge instead of mere techniques. The implications derived in this study will prove useful in pursuing science and technology ODA projects, especially with Micronesia.

태평양 심해저 망간단괴 개발사업의 경제적 파급효과

유승훈,정동원,박세헌 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.4

The securing of raw material is an important requirement for economic development. Many countries, including Korea, actively seek out a stable supply of minerals such as manganese. Manganese nodules are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core and include several strategic minerals necessary for economic development. In particular, the manganese nodule development project (MNDP) plays an important role in the Korean national economy. This study attempts to apply input-output (I-O) analysis in investigating the economic impacts of the MNDP in the Korean national economy. A static I-O framework was employed, focusing on four topics in its application; the production-inducing impacts, the value-added-inducing impacts, the employment-inducing impacts and R&D-inducing impacts of MNDP investments on other sectors. To this end, several versions of the demand-driven models are utilized. In addition, inter-industry linkage analysis is performed to obtain information on the forward and backward linkage effects of industries, including MNDP, to quantify the strength of causation among these industries.

동해 중층에 발달하는 인산염 대 규산염 비의 불연속층

김봉국,이동섭,김일남 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.3

The CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Sea) survey in 1999 revealed a sharp mid-depth discontinuity of the phosphate:silicate ratio in all basins of the East/Japan Sea. Incidentally, this discontinuity layer corresponds to the oxygen minimum layer. Directly below the discontinuity layer, oxygen concentration is increased. This increase in oxygen concentration is interpreted as a proof of intermediate water formation. Oxygen minimum indicates that the water parcel is old and stable against mixing. So it seems be an efficient barrier to vertical exchange of materials. This means that, once materials enter the lower domain, they rarely return to the upper domain. Therefore, the biogeochemistry of the East/Japan Sea depends heavily on material input through the Korea Strait, and flux is expected to be sensitive to the climate change. As a result, the East/Japan Sea ecosystem seems vulnerable to tipping (regime shift), which occurred on a decadal time scale.

일본의 해양기본법 제정과 우리의 대응방안 연구-한중일 해양행정체계 비교를 중심으로

박성욱,양희철 한국해양과학기술원 2008 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.30 No.1

Japan's new Basic Ocean Law took effect in 20 July 2007. This law contains that 1) calls for the consolidation of eight government offices that previously worked separately on maritime issues; 2) establishes a basic plan for maritime matters, and; 3) creates a comprehensive maritime policy headquarters, run by the Prime Minister. The result is a structure for the integrated promotion of maritime policy. The Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has been appointed to the newly established position of maritime minister. Japan has been in conflict with Korea and China over EEZ and territory, which has caused the country to turn to ocean. If Japan puts more emphasis on sea, it will be on a collision course with neighboring countries such as Korea, China, Russia, and Taiwan. Japan has been at odds with these countries; with Korea over Dokdo islets, with China over the Senkaku Islands and the East China Sea, where gas fields lie, with Taiwan over fishery rights in the East China Sea, with Russia over the Kuril Islands. Korea's position about the establishment of Japan's new Basic Ocean Law is followed: 1) expression of Korea's position in maritime resourcces of east china sea, 2) understand of strategy for maritime resources development and maritime delimitation in China and Japan, 3) a caution for extention of EEZ and maritime activities, 4)effective and comprehensive policy establishment, and strength in R&D, 5) construction of active and responsive system for maritime issues in neighbor country.

실내 자외선 노출 실험을 통한 극지 식물플랑크톤(Phaeocystis pouchetii, Porosira glacialis)의 자외선 흡수물질 생성 연구

하선용,박미옥,신경훈,강성원,김영남,강성호 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.4

Herein, we compared the production rate of UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids) and carotenoids in two phytoplankton species--Phaeocystis pouchetii and Porosira glacialis--which are the dominant species in Polar Regions under artificial UV radiation conditions. P. pouchetii exposed to UVR and PAR evidenced reductions in the carbon fixation rate, and was not significantly influenced by differing light conditions. However, the concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds and photo-protective pigments of P. pouchetii were increased with increasing exposure time, but P. glacialis maintained constant levels during the UVR exposure experiment. The production rates of MAAs showed a reverse phase between the two phytoplankton species. The carbon fixation rate of P. pouchetii cells was inhibited by exposure to UV radiation, but the production rates of MAAs in P. pouchetii were increased under UV radiation exposure. The carbon fixation rate and production rate of MAAs in P. glacialis were simultaneously inhibited under UV radiation exposure conditions. These results provide us with new information regarding the processes involved in the production of UV-absorbing compounds and photoprotective pigments in two phytoplankton species.

16S rRNA 유전자 분석방법을 이용한 동해 울릉분지 심해 퇴적물 내 고세균 군집 구조 및 다양성의 수직분포 특성연구

김보배,현정호,조혜연 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.3

To assess community structure and diversity of archaea, a clone sequencing analysis based on an archaeal 16S rRNA gene was conducted at three sediment depths of the continental slope and Ulleung Basin in the East Sea. A total of 311 and 342 clones were sequenced at the slope and basin sites,respectively. Marine Group I, which is known as the ammonia oxidizers, appeared to predominate in the surface sediment of both sites (97.3% at slope, 88.5% at basin). In the anoxic subsurface sediment of the slope and basin, the predominant archaeal group differed noticeably. Marine Benthic Group B dominated in the subsurface sediment of the slope. Marine Benthic Group D and Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group were the second largest archaeal group at 8-9 cm and 18-19 cm depth, respectively. Marine Benthic Group C of Crenarchaeota occupied the highest proportion by accounting for more than 60% of total clones in the subsurface sediments of the basin site. While archaeal groups that use metal oxide as an electron acceptor were relatively more abundant at the basin sites with manganese (Mn) oxide-enriched surface sediment, archaeal groups related to the sulfur cycle were more abundant in the sulfidogenic sediments of the slope. Overall results indicate that archaeal communities in the Ulleung Basin show clear spatial variation with depth and sites according to geochemical properties the sediment. Archaeal communities also seem to play a significant role in the biogeochemical carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and metal cycles at each site.

한반도 연안에서의 12.5 km 해상도 QuikSCAT 해상풍 검증

정진용,심재설,이동규,민인기,권재일 한국해양과학기술원 2008 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.30 No.1

Several validation studies have been made for QuikSCAT(QSCAT) wind data around the world, mainly in the offshore. However, until now, there were no validation studies for QSCAT wind with resolution of 12.5 km (‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’) in the vicinity of Korean Peninsula. To validate ‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’ and to investigate its characteristics around Korean Peninsula, the wind data from Ieodo Ocean Research Station, KMA buoys, and KORDI Realtime Observation Stations have been compared. Validation results showed that ‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’ RMSE of wind direction and speed were 25.85o and 1.83 m/s, respectively, at Ieodo Station. The mean wind speed correlation coefficient of KMA buoys and KORDI Realtime Observation Station were 0.78 and 0.61, and the mean wind speed RMSE were 2.2 m/s and 3.2 m/s, respectively. This seems to be mainly because of the distance between QSCAT and in-situ observation stations. The RMSE of wind direction were bigger than 40o at all in-situ observation stations located near the shore, within 20 km from coastlines. Geophysical features where in-situ observation stations are located seem to affect wind validation scores. Several validation studies have been made for QuikSCAT(QSCAT) wind data around the world, mainly in the offshore. However, until now, there were no validation studies for QSCAT wind with resolution of 12.5 km (‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’) in the vicinity of Korean Peninsula. To validate ‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’ and to investigate its characteristics around Korean Peninsula, the wind data from Ieodo Ocean Research Station, KMA buoys, and KORDI Realtime Observation Stations have been compared. Validation results showed that ‘QSCAT 12.5 km wind’ RMSE of wind direction and speed were 25.85o and 1.83 m/s, respectively, at Ieodo Station. The mean wind speed correlation coefficient of KMA buoys and KORDI Realtime Observation Station were 0.78 and 0.61, and the mean wind speed RMSE were 2.2 m/s and 3.2 m/s, respectively. This seems to be mainly because of the distance between QSCAT and in-situ observation stations. The RMSE of wind direction were bigger than 40o at all in-situ observation stations located near the shore, within 20 km from coastlines. Geophysical features where in-situ observation stations are located seem to affect wind validation scores.

폐그물 방치에 의한 육추기의 쇠제비갈매기 (Sterna albifrons) 사망

김정훈,유정칠 한국해양과학기술원 2007 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.29 No.1

Abandoned fishing nets served Little Tern (Sterna albifrons) chicks as cover on a sandy island on Ganwol Lake, Hongsung-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Chicks were incidently caught in 2.5 cm 2.5 cm mesh sized nets and died of dehydration and exhaustion. Three adults died when they were caught by abandoned fishing net during parental care period in 2.5 cm 2.5 cm mesh sized nets. Whereas 0.7 cm 0.7 cm mesh sized nets did not affect the chicks or adults survival. Overlapped nets with several layers were more dangerous for chicks than were spread nets with a single layer. Dead chicks and adults were found to have been entangled by wing and neck. In this study, wing and nape (head+bill) of dead chicks were longer than those of live chicks. To improve the survival rate of Little Tern chicks at Ganwol Lake, abandoned fishing nets must be removed before the breeding season.