흰쥐 삼차신경 척수감각핵의 미측소핵 세포의 전압의존성 소디움통로와 포타슘통로에 대한 전기생리학적 연구

천상우,최정희,김권수,유용묵,김종구,이동근 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

The caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (medullary dorsal horn ; MDH) receives direct inputs from unmyelinated and thinly myelinated, small diameter primary afferent fibers. Thus, the MDH is implicated in the processing of nociceptive information in the orofacial region. In this study, the types and characteristics of voltage-dependent ion currents were investigated in acutely isolated MDH neurons of postnatal rats by means of the whole cell patch clamp techniques. Coronal slice (400㎛) of the trigeminal caudal subnucleus region was sequentially treated with pronase 0.2㎎/㎖. then single neurons were mechanically dissociated. Voltage-dependent sodium currents showed that the half-maximum activation potential was -41.8±1.8mV and half-maximum inactivation potential was -62.4±3.0mV. And the currents were blocked totally by application of 100nM tetrodotoxin. In a Ca^2+ free solution, low-threshold transient (I_A) and high-threshold sustained (I_K) currents were recorded. The half-maximum activation and inactivation potential of I_K were 2.5±1.9mV and -37.1±2.3mV, respectively. I_A was activated and inactivated more rapidly than I_K. The half-maximum activation and inactivation potential were -21.6±6.3mV and -84.5±5.0mV, respectively. When a 4-aminopyridine of 5mM was applied, I_A was almost totally blocked. These results reveal that MDH neurons express a variety of voltage-dependent ionic currents with distinct physiological and pharmacological properties, and they play an essential role in the transmission and modulation of sensation, especially pain, from trigeminal region.

CFCM 기반 적응 뉴로-퍼지 시스템에 의한 비선형 시스템 모델링

곽근창,김성수,유정웅,전명근 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2002 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 논문에서는 여러 분야에서 널리 응용되고 있는 적응 뉴로-퍼지 시스템에서의 효과적인 퍼지 규칙 생성 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 입력공간 그리드 분할을 이용한 ANFIS의 규칙 생성에 있어서는 얻어진 규칙의 수가 지수적으로 증가하는 단점이 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 조건부적인 퍼지 클러스터링(CFCM)을 이용하여 입·출력 데이터의 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있는 클러스터를 구하고, 퍼지 균등화 방법을 적용하여 출력변수의 소속함수를 자동 생성하도록 하였다. 이렇게 함으로써 적은 규칙 수를 갖으면서도 효율적인 퍼지 규칙을 얻을 수 있도록 하였다. 이들 방법의 유용함을 보이고자 정수장 응집제주입결정 모델링에 적용하여 제안된 방법이 기존의 연구보다 좋은 결과를 보임을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, an efficient fuzzy rule generation scheme for Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) using the conditional fuzzy c-means(CFCM) and fuzzy equalization(FE) methods is proposed. Usually, the number of fuzzy rules exponentially increases by applying the grid partitioning of the input space, in conventional ANFIS approaches. Therefore, GFCM clustering method is adopted to render the clusters which represent the given input and output fuzzy data and FE method is used to automatically construct the fuzzy membership functions. From this, one can systematically obtain a small size of fuzzy rules which shows satisfying performance for the given problems. Finally, we applied the proposed method to the nonlinear system modeling problems and obtained a better performance than conventional works.

Immunohistochemical Study on the Hair Growth Promoting Effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan

Jeong, Chun-Geun,Park, Min-Hee,Seong, Ju-Won,Lee, Hyun-Sam,Park, Seong-Kyu,Kim, Sun-Yeou,Kim, Yoon-Bum,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Sohn, Nak-Won,Sohn, Young-Joo The Society of Korean Medicine 2008 대한한의학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Objectives : This study evaluates the hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on shaved C57BL6 mice. Methods : Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was administered orally (Group I) and both orally and by skin application (Group II) once a day for 12 days. The experimental groups were compared to Control, which was orally administered physiological saline solution. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. The levels of hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}$1) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined by immunohistochemistry. On gross observation of hair growth, both Group I and Group II shaved C57BL6 mice showed accelerated hair regrowth. Results : The hair regrowth index of Group I increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after shaving and that of Group II was significantly higher at 12 days (P<0.05). On histological observation, both Group I and Group II demonstrated histological improvement and increases in the number and diameter of the hair follicles. EGF expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was up-regulated in both Group I and II. TGF-${\beta}$1 expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was unchanged in both Group I and II. VEGF expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was up-regulated in both groups. iNOS expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was down-regulated in both groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan promotes hair growth and this effect is related to up-regulation of EGF and VEFG expression and down-regulation of TGF-${\beta}$1 and iNOS expression on hair roots.

Immunohistochemical Study on the Hair Growth Promoting Effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan

Chun-Geun Jeong,Min-Hee Park,Ju-Won Seong,Hyun-Sam Lee,Seong-Kyu Park,Sun-Yeou Kim,Yoon-Bum Kim,Hyuk-Sang Jung,Nak-Won Sohn,Young-Joo Sohn 대한한의학회 2008 대한한의학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Permanent VVI Pacemakers: Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation

( Jeong Gwan Cho ),( Yang Ho Jeong ),( In Jong Cho ),( Young Geun Ahn ),( Kwang Soo Cha ),( Jeong Pyeong Seo ),( Joo Hyung Park ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Jong Chun Park ),( Jung Chaee Kang ) 대한내과학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.12 No.1

延年益壽固本丹의 育毛效能에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

정춘근(Chun-Geun Jeong),심은섭(Eun-Sheb Shim),이창열(Chang-Yeol Lee),김범회(Bum-Hoi Kim),김성준(Seong-Joon Kim),강희(Hee Kang),손낙원(Nak-Won Sohn) 대한한의학회 2010 대한한의학회지 Vol.31 No.2

淸肺瀉肝湯이 糖尿誘發 흰쥐의 腦虛血損傷에 미치는 影響

정춘근(Chun-geun Jeong),김은영(Eun-Young Kim),신정원(Jung-Won Shin),손영주(Youngjoo Sohn),이현삼(Hyun-Sam Lee),정혁상(Hyuk-Sang Jung),손낙원(Nak-Won Sohn) 대한한의학회 2005 대한한의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

확장형 심근증의 임상 연구

안영근 ( An Yeong Geun ),박주형 ( Park Ju Hyeong ),정명호 ( Jeong Myeong Ho ),조정관 ( Jo Jeong Gwan ),박종춘 ( Park Jong Chun ),강정재 ( Kang Jeong Jae ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.3

연구배경 : 확장형 심근증은 정확한 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 심비대를 특징으로 하며 종국에 가서는 좌심실기능부전에 의한 증상을 수반하는 질환이다. 최근에 이 질환에 대한 관심이 많이 높아졌으나 원인, 역학, 병인, 병리, 임상경과, 예후등은 아직도 명확하지 않은 바가 많다. 방법 : 본 연구는 1980년 1월부터 1991년 7월 사이에 전남대학교 병원순환기 내과에서 관찰된 학장형 심근증환자들을 대상으로 한국인 확장형 심근중 환자의 임상양상 및 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : 1) 평균 연령은 56.3±13.6세였고 남자가 110명, 여자가 61명 이었다(남녀비=1.8 : 1). 2) NYHA 기능분류는 평균 3.2±0.7 이었고 내원당시 증상을 나타낸 기간은 1개월 이내가 38.6%, 6개월 이내가 61.4%, 그리고 1년 이상이 26.9% 이었다. 3) 내원당시 주요증상은 노작성 호흡곤란(86.5%), 기좌호읍(28.7%), 기침(21.1%), 심계항진(18.7%), 흉부불쾌감(17.0%), 그리고 발작성 야간 호흡곤란(9.4%)등이었다. 4) 내원당시 흔히 발견된 비정상 이학적 검사 소견은 촉지할수 있는 간 비대, 폐포음, 하지부종, 분마음, 경정맥압 상승, 심첨부 수축기 심잡음 등이었다. 5) 휴식시 심전도에서 관찰된 부정맥은 심방세동(28.7%), 심실성 기외수축(17.0%), 완전좌각차단(13.5%), 심실상성 빈맥(2.9%), 심실성 빈맥(1.2%) 등이었다. 6) 내원당시 M형 심초음파검사 소견상 좌심실의 내경은 이완기 6.9±0.9㎝, 수축기5.9±1.1㎝ 이었고 좌심방의 내경은 4.8±0.8㎝, 좌심실구혈율은 36.7±12.8, 승모판막 E점과 심실중격간 분리거리는 24.6±8.8mm, 좌심방의 총구혈율은 31.4±12.7%, 초기 구혈율은 19.8±10.1%이었다. 7) 이차성 심근증에서 동반질환이나 심근에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자로는 고혈압, 중등도 이상의 음주력, 당뇨병, 만성폐쇄성 폐질환, 만성 간질환, 급성 간염, 임신 및 출산, 갑상선 기능 항진증, 전신성 홍반성 낭창 등 이었다. 8) 평균 추적 관찰기간은 10.8±9.4개월 이었고 6개월 이상 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 예는 원발성 심근증의 50명(51.5%), 이차성 심근중 38명(62.3%) 이었고 약 20%에서 3년이상 관찰할 수 있었다. 대부분의 환자들은 digoxin, 이뇨제, 혈관확장제, 칼슘이온 길항제 그리고 β수용체 차단제 중에서 두가지 이상의 약제를 투여 받았으며 추적 관찰기간동안 약물 투여중 증상의 호전은 63.3%에서 관찰되었으며 19.6%에서는 큰 변화가 없었으며 4.4%에서는 악화되었다. 9) 사망이 확인된 20명의 사망원인은 급사가 12명이었고 울혈성 심부전 5명, 뇌 혈관장애 2명, 혈관촬영 후 급성신부전 1명 이었다. 10) 원발성군 (A)과 이차성군(B)간의 임상상이나 검사 소견 및 예후에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 11) 사망이 확인된 20명과 증상이 악화된 9명을 대상으로 다변량회귀분석법으로 검증한 바 예후에 영향을 주는 주요인자는 심전도상의 심실내 전도장애, 양측 심방비대, NYHA 기능분류(Ⅲ이상) 그리고 경정맥압 상승이었다. 그러나 증상발현부터의 기간, 동반된 질환, 심초음파상 좌심실 구혈율, 승모판막 E점과 심실중격간 분리거리, digoxin, 이뇨제, 혈관 확장제등의 투여한 약물의 종류에 대해서는 통계적으로 의미있는 관계를 찾지 못하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 확장형 심근증의 임상양태는 서양의 보고와 큰 차이가 없었으며 향후 보다 많은 확장형 심근증 환자를 대상으로 치료전에 심장의 기능을 정확하게 평가하고 강심제, 이뇨제, β수용체 차단제, 칼슘이온 길항제, 혈관 확장제등의 약제를 투여하여, 임상증상 및 심장기능의 변화를 평가함으로써 확장형 심근증의 장기적 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자에 대한 전향적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of uncertain origin and the prediction of the clinical course in an individual patient remained to be defined. Method : In order to understand the clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, clinical courses and prognostic factors of Korean patents with dilated cardiomyopathy, the medical recordings of 171 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (103 primary, 68 secondary) were reviewed. Results : 1) Studied subjects were 110 male and 61 female patients and aged of 56.3±13.6 years. 2) NYHA functional class was 3.2±0.7 and duration of symptoms were shorter than one month in 38.6%, shorter than 6 month 61.4%, and longer than one year in 26.9%. 3) Most common complaints were exertional dyspnea (86.5%), orthopnea (28.7%), cough (21.1%), palpitation (18.7%), chest discomfort (17.1%), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (9.4%). 4) Physical findings were palpable liver, rales in lungs, pitting edema, gallop rhythm, increased jugular venous pressure (JVP), apical systolic murmur, etc. 5) Dysarrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (28.7%), premature ventricular contraction (17.0%), complete left bundle branch block (13.5%), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (2.9%), and ventricular tachycardia (1.2%) were observed. Abnormal EKG findigs other than dysarrhythmias were left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial hypertrophy, myocardial is-chemia, non specific ST-T change, and right atrial hypertrophy, etc. 6) The M-mode echocardiogram at the first examination revealed that the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were 6.9±0.9㎝, 5.9±1.1㎝, ejection fraction 36.7±12.8%, lefr atrial dimension 4.8±0.8㎝, mitral E point septal separation (EPSS) 25±9mm, total and rapid emptying fraction of left atrium 31.4±12.7%, 19.8±10.1%. 7) Associated diseases or factors which may contribute to damage myocardium in secondary form of dilated cardiomyopathy patients were hypertension, heavy alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, acute viral hepatitis, peripartum, hyperthyroidism, and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. 8) Most patients were treated by two or more combined drug regimens and clinical responses to the medical treatment during the follow-up period (mean 1.8±9.4 months) were improved in 63.3%, unchanged in 19.6%, deteriorated in 4.4%, and dead in 12.7%. 9) Caused of death were sudden in 12 patients, congestive heart failure 5, cerebrovascular accident 2, and acute renal failure after angiography one. There were no significant differences between primary and secondary form of dilated cardiomyopathy patients groups, statistically. 10) Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the important prognostic factors were intraventricular conduction disturbance, atrial hypertrophy in EKG, NYHA functional class more than Ⅲ, and elevated JVP. Conclusion : Clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy are not much different from those reported in western countries. The majority of the patients can be benefited with currently available medical treatment at least in a short term period. A prospective studies are necessary to identify the risk factors and long-term natural history in conjunction with periordic follow-up endomyocardial biopsies after treatment with various suggested regimens to elucidate their long-term benefit.

Preventive Effects of Multi-Lamellar Emulsion on Low Potency Topical Steroid Induced Local Adverse Effect

( Geun Dong Sul ),( Hyun Jung Park ),( Jong Hwan Bae ),( Keum Duck Hong ),( Byeong Deog Park ),( Jaesun Chun ),( Se Kyoo Jeong ),( Seung Hun Lee ),( Sung Ku Ahn ),( Hyun Jung Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.1

Background: Topical steroid treatment induces diverse local Wand systemic adverse effects. Several approaches have been tried to reduce the steroid-induced adverse effects. Simultaneous application of physiological lipid mixture is also suggested. Objective: Novel vehicles for topical glucocorticoids formulation were evaluated for the efficacy of reducing side-effects and the drug delivery properties of desonide, a low potency topical steroid. Methods: Transcutaneous permeation and skin residual amount of desonide were measured using Franz diffusion cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using murine model. Results: Topical steroids formulation containing desonide, in either cream or lotion form, were prepared using multi-lamellar emulsion (MLE), and conventional desonide formulations were employed for comparison. MLE formulations did not affect the anti-inflammatory activity of the desonide in phobol ester-induced skin inflammation model, compared with conventional formulations. While the penetrated amounts of desonide were similar for all the tested formulations at 24 hours after application, the increased lag time was observed for the MLE formulations. Interestingly, residual amount of desonide in epidermis was significantly higher in lotion type MLE formulation. Steroid-induced adverse effects, including permeability barrier function impairment, were partially prevented by MLE formulation. Conclusion: Topical desonide formulation using MLE as a vehicle showed a better drug delivery with increased epidermal retention. MLE also partially prevented the steroid-induced side effects, such as skin barrier impairment. (Ann Dermatol 25(1) 5∼11, 2013)

Anti-Oxidative Effects of Ulva lactuca Extract Fractions against CCl₄ Toxification

Chun Suk Nam,Kum Suk Kang,Jong-Myung Ha,Sang Hyeon Lee,Jae Hwa Lee,Dong Geun Lee,Jeong Su Jang,Hwan Yul Kang,Bae Jin Ha 한국생명과학회 2006 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.47 No.-