Brain SPECT 영상의 Attenuation Correction 방법들에 대한 비교

조진우,김창호,나수경,이귀원,Jo, Jin U,Kim, Chang Ho,Na, Soo Kyung,Lee, Gui Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)의 Non-attenuation correction (AC-non) 영상에 대한 attenuation correction(AC) 방법 중 Chang's method와 CT based attenuation correction(AC-CT) 사이의 count를 비교하기 위함이다. phantom study는 증류수로 채워진 hoffman 3D phantom에 $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq을 투여하였고, patient study는 normal volunteer에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 750Mbq를 정맥주입하고 Siemens사의 Symbia T6로 Brain SPECT 영상을 획득하였고 뇌 정량 분석을 하였다. 각각의 방법들을 적용한 transverse image는 같은 위치에서 재구성 되었으며 각각 10, 20, 30번째 slice에서 6개의 region of interest(ROI)를 그려 AC-non 과 AC-CT 그리고 Chang's method의 count를 비교하였다. phantom study에서 AC-non, AC-CT, Chang's method의 각각 평균 count는 $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, $8752.6{\pm}896.5$이었으며 patient study에서 $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$, $12795{\pm}1422.1$이었다. phantom study에서 AC-CT와 AC-non 사이의 비는 3.70이고 Chang's method와 AC-non 사이의 비는 1.92였으며 patient study에서는 각각 2.85, 2.38이었다. 우리는 이 연구를 통하여 AC-CT가 Chang's method보다 더 높은 AC을 해준다는 걸 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Chang's method는 patient study에서의 AC 값이 phantom study에서의 AC값보다 더 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. brain SPECT/CT를 시행하는 경우 scatter correction을 같이 시행하고 bone에 의한 감쇠 정보를 반영할 수 있는 AC-CT가 chang's method보다 정확하다 할 수 있겠다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare count between Chang's method and CT-based attenuation correction (AC-CT) among the attenuation correction (AC) methods for non-attenuation correction (AC-non) images of Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Materials and Methods : We injected $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq in a Hoffman 3D phantom filled with distilled water in the phantom study, and injected intravenously $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 740Mbq in a normal volunteer in the patient study, and then obtained Brain SPECT images with Symbia T6 of Siemens and conducted quantitative brain analysis. Transverse images to which each method was applied were rebuilt at the same position, and 6 regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on each of Slice No. 10, 20 and 30 and then the counts of AC-non, AC-CT and Chang's method were compared. Results : The mean counts of AC-non, AC-CT and Chang's method were $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, and $8752.6{\pm}896.5$, respectively, in the phantom study and $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$ and $12795{\pm}1422.1$, respectively, in the patient study. In the phantom study, the ratio of AC-CT to AC-non was 3.70 and the ratio of Chang's method to AC-non was 1.92, and in the patient study, they were 2.85 and 2.38, respectively. Conclusion : From this study, we found that AC-CT makes higher AC than Chang's method. In addition, when Chang's method was used, AC in the patient study was higher than that in the phantom study. These results need to be considered also in other examinations.

사회체제에 따른 스포츠 시설환경과 효율성에 관한 연구 : 북한의 스포츠시설을 중점으로 Focus on the Sport Facilities of North Korea

장경호 명지대학교 예체능연구소 2001 藝體能論集 Vol.12 No.-

Sport facilities in North Korea are evaluated for the spectator aspect to the top-class in the world. However, there are not enough sport programs for the ordinary peoples. The facilities are constructed to use and to demonstrate the superiority of the idea of the nation. Their concerning in the sport facilities is to "ectator Oriented" On the other hand, sport facilities in the nations with the banner of capitalism tend to be "rticipation Oriented"South Korea is also promoting the sport with participation for the ordinary people. However, it is true that sport programs in South Korea still have a lack in both the quality and the quantity. Recently, many nations with economic superiority tend to show no longer investigation to develop a new sport complex. They create and develop a new type of sport, namely "periential Sport"The experiential sport does not require huge or luxious sport facilities. The new type of sport needs only natural environment with a little manmade equipments. The new type of sport will be expected change of sport facilities from the manmade environment to the natural environment. Traditional sports complex will be changed to a course for sightseeing tour. Therefor, we need to prepare program development for the change of sport.

중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화

서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops

발정주기에 따른 흰쥐 질상피의 Lectin 결합특성에 관한 조직화학적 연구

진호준,이경훈,이왕재,황덕호,장가용,조사선 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.2

Effect of Changing Amniotic Fluid Osmolarity on the Li⁺ Transport Through the Membrane Surrounding Amniotic Fluid in the Rabbit

Chang. Jin-Keun,Lee. Sang-Jin,Sung. Ho-Kyung 대한생리학회 1993 대한생리학회지 Vol.27 No.1

To study the regulation of amniotic fluid volume and electrolyte concentration by the Membranes surrounding the amniotic fluid, the rate of Li⁺ disappearance from amniotic sac of expired fetuses were examined while increasing the amniotic volume and osmolarity in rabbits. After intraamniotic injection of 1 ml isosmotic saline (about 20% of the amniotic fluid volume) containing 15 mM LiCl and 0.5 g/L Censored, the time courses of Li⁺ and Censored disappearance were determined. From there the Li⁺ clearance through the extrafetal routes was estimated and compared with that obtained from living fetuses. The volume, Na⁺ concentration and osmolarity of amniotic fluid were measured and their relationships with Li⁺ disappearance were evaluated. The fellowing results were obtained: 1. The rate of disappearance from amniotic fluid of living fetuses during the first 30 minutes was strikingly higher for Li⁺ than for Censored, suggesting that extrafetal routes exist. At 60 and 90 minutes, however, the disappearance rate of Li⁺ was less than that of Censored, suggesting the possibility of Li⁺ reentry through fetal urination. 2. The disappearance of Li⁺ from the amniotic fluid of the expired fetus was substantial, although lower than that of living fetuses, throughout the experimental period. 3. The Na⁺ concentration and the osmolarity of the amniotic fluid of expired fetus measured 30 minutes after an intraamniotic injection of isoosmotic saline showed wide variation, but thereafter they changed gradually towards the normal extracellular fluid level. 4. When the amniotic fluid was iso- or hyposmolar, the rate of Li⁺ disappearance from the amniotic fluid of the expired fetuses showed little variation. However, when the amniotic fluid was hyperosmolar, the rate at 30 minutes was markedly lower than those of isosmotic or hyposmotic amniotic fluid. At 90 minutes, the rate of Li⁺ disappearance in hyperosmolar fluid reached a similar level to the rate in isosmolar fluid. 5. The intraamniotic injection of 400 mOsm/L saline solution decreased the disappearance rate of Li⁺ from expired fetuses, while the injection of mannitol into the maternal vein induced no significant change. From these results it is concluded that: 1) a significant amount of Li⁺ may leave the amniotic fluid via filtration through the membranes surrounding the amniotic fluid, 2) during hyperosmolar challenge to amniotic fluid, osmotic bulk flow might counteract the filterable loss, and 3) Li⁺ disappearance might continue even after the volume and osmolarity of the amniotic fluid have recovered to control values.

Effect of Changing Amniotic Fluid Osmolarity on the $Li^+$ Transport Through the Membrane Surrounding Amniotic Fluid in the Rabbit

Chang, Jin-Keun,Lee, Sang-Jin,Sung, Ho-Kyung The Korean Physiological Society 1993 대한생리학회지 Vol.27 No.1

To study the regulation of amniotic fluid volume and electrolyte concentration by the Membranes surrounding the amniotic fluid, the rate of $Li^+$ disappearance from amniotic sac of expired fetuses were examined while increasing the amniotic volume and osmolarity in rabbits. After intraamniotic injection of 1 ml isosmotic saline (about 20% of the amniotic fluid volume) containing 15 mM LiCl and 0.5 g/L Censored, the time courses of $Li^+$ and Censored disappearance were determined. From there the $Li^+$ clearance through the extrafetal routes was estimated and compared with that obtained from living fetuses. The volume, $Na^+$ concentration and osmolarity of amniotic fluid were measured and their relationships with $Li^+$ disappearance were evaluated. The fellowing results were obtained: 1. The rate of disappearance from amniotic fluid of living fetuses during the first 30 minutes was strikingly higher for $Li^+$ than for Censored, suggesting that extrafetal routes exist. At 60 and 90 minutes, however, the disappearance rate of $Li^+$ was less than that of Censored, suggesting the possibility of $Li^+$ reentry through fetal urination. 2. The disappearance of $Li^+$ from the amniotic fluid of the expired fetus was substantial, although lower than that of living fetuses, throughout the experimental period. 3. The $Na^+$ concentration and the osmolarity of the amniotic fluid of expired fetus measured 30 minutes after an intraamniotic injection of isoosmotic saline showed wide variation, but thereafter they changed gradually towards the normal extracellular fluid level. 4. When the amniotic fluid was iso- or hyposmolar, the rate of $Li^+$ disappearance from the amniotic fluid of the expired fetuses showed little variation. However, when the amniotic fluid was hyperosmolar, the rate at 30 minutes was markedly lower than those of isosmotic or hyposmotic amniotic fluid. At 90 minutes, the rate of $Li^+$ disappearance in hyperosmolar fluid reached a similar level to the rate in isosmolar fluid. 5. The intraamniotic injection of 400 mOsm/L saline solution decreased the disappearance rate of $Li^+$ from expired fetuses, while the injection of mannitol into the maternal vein induced no significant change. From these results it is concluded that: 1) a significant amount of $Li^+$ may leave the amniotic fluid via filtration through the membranes surrounding the amniotic fluid, 2) during hyperosmolar challenge to amniotic fluid, osmotic bulk flow might counteract the filterable loss, and 3) $Li^+$ disappearance might continue even after the volume and osmolarity of the amniotic fluid have recovered to control values.

호도약침액(胡桃藥鍼液)이 독성물질(毒性物質)에 의한 간조직(肝組織) 손상(損傷)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이경태 ( Kyung Tae Lee ),김철홍 ( Cheol Hong Kim ),윤현민 ( Hyoun Min Youn ),장경전 ( Kyung Jaen Jang ),안창범 ( Chang Behm Ahn ),송춘호 ( Choon Ho Song ) 대한경락경혈학회 2005 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine whether Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture (JSA) exerts the protective effect against toxic agent-induced liver cell damage. Methods: The cell damage was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in rabbit liver slices. Results: When tissues were incubated with 0.5 mM Hg for 10~120 min, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased as a function of incubation time, and these effects were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1 % JSA. Hg increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manner over the range of 0.1~1 mM concentrations, which were reduced by 0.1 % JSA. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg in the presence of 0.05~1 % JSA, LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by Hg were prevented by JSA in a dose-dependent fashion. JSA at 0.5 and 1 % prevented completely effects of 0.5 mM Hg. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg for 60 min, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased, which were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1 % JSA. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation, which were significantly reduced by 0.1 % JSA. Such protective effects were similar to those of N,N`-diphenylp-phenylenediamine (DPPD), a potent antioxidant. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg, activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were inhibited, and glutathione content was also reduced. Such effects were prevented by JSA, but not by DPPD. JSA prevented Hg-induced morphological changes. Conclusions: These results indicate that JSA exerts the protective effect against liver cell injury induced by toxic agents through antioxidant action, and this effect may be attributed to an increase in activities of endogeous anitoxidant enzymes and GSH content. However, antioxidant effect of JSA is different from that of a well-known potent antioxidant DPPD.

전치의 후방견인에 따른 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화

강창수,김경호,최광철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.2

입술의 돌출을 해소하고자 하는 환자들은 자신의 안모 개선을 안모의 측면보다는 거울로 볼 수 있는 정면을 통하여 느끼는 것이 보편적이다. 안모의 정면에서 평가가 이루어질 때에는 입술이 후방으로 들어간 정도와 함께 입술과 그 주위 조직의 수직적 변화에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 교정치료 진단이나 치료 후 평가를 위한 측모두부방사선 사진 분석 시 전통적으로 중요시되고 있는 입술의 시상적 이동뿐만 아니라 흔히 간과하기 쉬운 수직적인 변화에 관해서도 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 입술 돌출을 주소로 내원한, 성장이 완료된 성인 여성 61명을 대상으로 측모두부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 전치의 후방견인시 나타나는 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화를 계단식 다중 회귀 분석법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.상, 하순의 philtrum길이 (SnLs, LiB') 는 전치의 후방견인 후 증가하였고, 상, 하순의 vermilion height (LsStms, StmiLi) 와 vermilion length (LsLi) 는 감소하였다. 2.상, 하순의 길이 (SnStms, StmiB')와 연조직의 하안면 고경 (SnMe')은 치료 후 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3.상순의 philtrum길이 증가에 상악 전치의 정출 △UIV 이 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며 하순의 philtnlm길이 증가에는 치료 전 overjet이 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 4.상, 하순의 vermilion height감소에 상순의 두께 감소가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. Patients who want to reduce their lip protrusion usually estimate the severity of the lip protrusion on the frontal aspect. Most orthodontists have a perplexed experience of a reduced thin line of vermilion border on the frontal aspect as incisors are retracted, even though the lip protrusion is thought to be reduced favorably on the sagittal aspect. Some patients also look older after orthodontic treatment because of severe lip thinning. This unaesthetic reduction of vermilion border urges us to study the vertical lip change during orthodontic procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical lip and perioral soft tissue changes in respect to incisor retraction in an effort to analyze which factors might be responsible for their vertical changes, using the multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1.Upper and lower lip philtrum length(SnLs, LiB') were increased after retraction of anterior teeth, where as upper and lower vermilion height(LsStms, StmiLi), and vermilion length(LsLi) were decreased. 2.Upper and lower lip length(SnStms, StmiB'), and soft tissue lower anterior facial height(SnMe') did not show any significant difference after treatment. 3.The increase of the upper lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the extrusion of upper anterior teeth(△UIV), and the increase of the lower lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the initial overjet before treatment. 4.The decrease of the upper and lower lip vermilion height was mainly influenced by the decrease of upper lip thickness.

정헌 고인석 교수 정년퇴임기념호 / 경희한약개발연구소편 : 웅황의 연용이 흰쥐의 체동 , 비소축적 및 간기능에 미치는 영향

권창호 ( Chang Ho Kwon ),이경태 ( Kyung Tae Lee ) 경희대학교 동서약학연구소 1986 경희약대 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

경직성 뇌성마비아동의 반사적 움직임 감소를 위한 신체정렬기법의 효과

장경호(Kyung Ho Chang),정유진(Yu Jin Jung) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.44

Children with spasticity cerebral palsy were participated in an Ideokinesiology program to decrease oe control primitive reflexes such as ATNR, Moro reflex, and Righting reflex. An experimental research with 12 subjects in experimental group and 18 subjects involved in a control group were conducted for 10 weeks. Using the QUEST and the BOTMP, subjects` mobility of upper extremity includes hands, neck, arms, and upper body were measured. Results was indicated that subjects` reflexes with hands, neck, and upper body were significantly decreased. However, reflexes with arms were not changed. The Ideokinesiology with image of body parts was an effective methodology to control impropriate mobilities for primitive reflexes of child with cerebral palsy.