SEAWEED EXTRACTS AS A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR THE ATTENUATION OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN OBESITY‐RELATED PATHOLOGIES

Lee, Ok‐,Hwan,Yoon, Kye‐,Yoon,Kim, Kui‐,Jin,You, SangGuan,Lee, Boo‐,Yong Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of phycology Vol.47 No.3

<P>Recent studies suggest that seaweed extracts are a significant source of bioactive compounds comparable to the dietary phytochemicals such as onion and tea extracts. The exploration of natural antioxidants that attenuate oxidative damage is important for developing strategies to treat obesity‐related pathologies. The objective of this study was to screen the effects of seaweed extracts of 49 species on adipocyte differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during the adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, and to investigate their total phenol contents and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Our results show that high total phenol contents were observed in the extracts of <I>Ecklonia cava</I> (see Table?1 for taxonomic authors) (681.1 ± 16.0 μg gallic acid equivalents [GAE] · g<SUP>−1</SUP>), <I>Dictyopteris undulata</I> (641.3 ± 70.7 μg GAE · g<SUP>−1</SUP>), and <I>Laurencia intermedia</I> (560.9 ± 48.1 μg GAE · g<SUP>−1</SUP>). In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activities were markedly higher in <I>Sargassum macrocarpum</I> (60.2%), <I>Polysiphonia morrowii</I> (55.0%), and <I>Ishige okamurae</I> (52.9%) than those of other seaweed extracts (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0.05). Moreover, treatment with several seaweed extracts including <I>D. undulata</I>, <I>Sargassum micracanthum</I>, <I>Chondrus ocellatus</I>, <I>Gelidium amansii</I>, <I>Gracilaria verrucosa</I>, and <I>Grateloupia lanceolata</I> significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and ROS production during differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, the production of ROS was positively correlated with lipid accumulation (<I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.8149). According to these preliminary results, some of the seaweed extracts can inhibit ROS generation, which may protect against oxidative stress that is linked to obesity. Further studies are required to determine the molecular mechanism between the verified seaweeds and ROS, and the resulting effects on obesity.</P><tabular xml:id='t1'><P><B>  List of Korean seaweed extracts of 49 species evaluated in this experiment. </B></P><table frame='topbot'><tgroup cols='5' align='left'><colspec colname='col1' colnum='1'/><colspec colname='col2' colnum='2'/><colspec colname='col3' colnum='3'/><colspec colname='col4' colnum='4'/><colspec colname='col5' colnum='5'/><thead valign='bottom'><row rowsep='1'><entry>Type</entry><entry>No.</entry><entry align='center'>Scientific name</entry><entry align='center'>Collection time</entry><entry>TP<SUP>1</SUP> (μg GAE · g<SUP>−1</SUP>)</entry></row></thead><tbody valign='top'><row><entry morerows='27' valign='top'>Brown macroalgae</entry><entry>SE‐1</entry><entry> <I>Chondracanthus tenellus</I> (Harv.) Hommers.</entry><entry>April 27, 2006</entry><entry>112.8 ± 15.1<SUP>lm</SUP></entry></row><row><entry>SE‐2</entry><entry> <I>Colpomenia sinusa</I> (F. C. Mertens ex Roth) Derbes et Solier in Castagne</entry><entry>May 11, 2006</entry><entry>44.0 ± 4.1<SUP>opqrs</SUP></entry></row><row><entry>SE‐3</entry><entry> <I>Dictyopteris divaricata</I> (Okamura) Okamura</entry><entry>April 6, 2006</entry><entry>41.5 ± 5.6<SUP>pqrs</SUP></entry></row><row><entry>SE‐4</entry><entry> <I>Dictyopteris pacifica</I> (Yendo) I. K. Hwang, H.‐S. Kim et W. J. Lee</entry><entry>April 27, 2006</entry><entry>80.9 ± 8.3<SUP>mno</SUP></entry></row><row><entry>SE‐5</entry><entry> <I>Dictyopteris prolifera</I> (Okamura) Okamura</entry><entry>November 26, 2007</entry><entry>48.4 ± 3.0<SUP>nopqrs</SUP></entry></row><row><entry>SE‐6</entry><entry> <I>Dictyopteris undulata</I> Holmes</entry><entry>July 28, 2007</entry><e

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead에 나타난 연극과 삶의 관계

이부용 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1993 동아영어영문학 Vol.9 No.-

Tom Stoppard의 初期劇에 나타난 삶의 演劇的 屬性

이부용 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1997 동아영어영문학 Vol.13 No.-

Tom Stoppard's earlier major plays have a purpose in common, to emphasize the perception of the theatrical quality of the life wherein we would find its reality In the pursuit of this purpose, the writer establishes a new and valuable dramatic pattern which he creates by the imagination of another play's content, and not by simple adoption or imitation. This method, different from the customary one, derived from his opinion that the play does not imitate life but life should imitate theatre. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, a play basically concerning uncertainty in modern society, Stoppard recreates the offstage situation of Hamlet by means of the roles of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, the minor characters of the play, into the leading ones in his play. In the long run, this work suggests a new possibility for man to confront the universal situation and at the same time give us hope through the so-called 'play-life metaphor' Stoppard insists that parody can produce a creative play. The Real Inspector Hound, among other plays, deeply deals with parody in using a play within a play. In this play, he undermines the barrier between art and life and attempts to show that life is as absurd as detective melodramas. Stoppard expresses his view about art most intensively through the work Travesties. Advancing the play to the level of criticizing art or artists, he extends his view of history as to a fiction of history. By the method dramatizing history, he attains his aim of finding out the reality of the world of the imagination. In the course of reconstructing history with the technique of fantasy, Stoppard creates a theatrical art and proves that historigraphy is also a kind of art. As mentioned above, Stoppard's three major early plays indirectly anyalize epistemological matters by the method of imagining and criticizing other works. The self-consciousness he utilizes for his analysis is an indispensable means of delivering and at the same time forming a thought. In this repect we can conclude that Stoppard created a unique dramatic method in which both the content and form simultaneously establish the subject of the play. In the meantime, he points out the illusionary knowledge about life, gives a lesson to us that as our life and reality itself are originally theatrical, we should after all find true reality in theatrical art. Ascertaining that theatrical quality of life is a standard for our behavior and judgement, Stoppard presents us with the possibility of enlarge- ing our life's scope.

완전 생분해성과 광분해성을 갖는 필름에 대한 연구

이상일,서석훈,홍경민,신용섭,장상희,신부영 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.1

Bio-and-photodegradable polymer composites were prepared by blending biodegradable aliphatic polyester and photodegradable master batch(M/B). Photodegradability, biodegradability, thermal properties and mechanical properties were investigated. The biodegradability of EnPol(G4600) composites decreased wish increasing the amount of M/B, while that of EnPol(G8000) composites increased. Tensile strength and elongation decreased with increasing the time of outdoor exposure and the amount of M/B but modulus comparatively maintained. The mechenical properties decreased as the content of M/B increased, while the melting temperature unchanged.

Travesties에 나타난 역사와 비극

이부용 신한영미어문학회 1994 새한영어영문학 Vol.31 No.-

The unlimited expression of selfconsciousness together with the basic theme of theatricality is a characteristic of Stoppard's early plays, particulary Travesties. This theatricality appears through the relation between play and life, The so called play-life metaphor. The metaphor in this play in particular is related to the theatricality of history. The elements of theatricality that Tom Stoppard employs break with the historical facts. The disruption of the actuality of the past serves the function of focussing on the "reality" of theatrical life as opposed to the "illusion" of real life. Accordingly the theatre is used as a metaphor to expose the human tendency to turn illusions into realities and vice-versa. From this point of view Stoppard presents the theme of imaginative fantasy and reality as historical and artistic experience. It can be concluded that Travesties has considerable distinctions compared with former playwriting methods in that the play deals with certain historical characters with a background of historical events. Throughout the play is contained a philosophy concerning historical acts. Once done, an ant ceases to exist except in re-creation .In relation to theatricalism the play makes good use of intertextualities and extends its realm into the field of art criticism.

열탈착 분석법에 의한 Pt(111) 표면위의 NO와 CO의 흡착

이순보,박종윤,곽현태,부진효,강용철 성균관대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.42 No.2

The adsorptions of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide on Pt(111) surfaces have been studied by using LEED, AES, and TDS(Thermal Desorption spectroscopy). The adsorbed species of NO is predominantly molecular on the Pt(111) surface at room temperature. A main desorption peak of TDS is attributed to the molecular adsorption at 360K. With increasing No exposures, a shoulder peak at 480K which may be attributed to the defect site adsorption is appeared. The desorption rate order for No desorption is 1st order and the desorption energy for NO calculated by Redhead equation assuming pre-exponential factor v_1=10^13 sec^-1 is 21.7Kcal/mol. The adsorption of carbon monoxide is also molecular on Pt(111) surface at room temperature. The TDS results showed only a single broad peak at 460K, which is attributed to molecular adsorption. The desorption order for CO desorption is 1st order as well as NO and the desorption energy for CO is 28Kcal/mol.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead에 나타난 관점상의 문제 : Hamlet와의 관계를 중심으로

이부용 동아대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 1992 동아영어영문학 Vol.8 No.-

과학경진대회의 문항과 분석과 학습지도 방안

이용복,배영부 서울교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學과 數學敎育 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

전치 유도각의 인위적 증가에 의한 저작근과 하악 운동 양상의 변화에 대한 연구

이용식,최대균,최부병 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.2

This study' was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angle. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia 21�) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, irnmediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and l volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period: 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered I week after? removal(p<0.05). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after place ment(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<:0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.(6) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity o mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

비선형 시스템에 강인한 퍼지-PID 조합 제어기 설계에 관한 연구

조용성,이인용,한창훈,박재형,최부귀 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1999 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.7 No.1

몬 논문에서는 통합형 퍼지-PID 제어기를 이요하여 비선형 시스템에 강한 제어기를 설계한다. 선형시스템에는 간단하고, 싸고, 좋은 성능 때문에 PID 제어기를 많이 사용한다. PID 제어기의 계수는 Ziegler-Nichols의 이론으로 결정하고, 비선형 요소의 제어를 위한 퍼지 제어기는 9게의 규칙만을 사용하였다. 이런 방법으로, 비선형 시스템에 대하여 보다 강인한 퍼지-PID 조합 제어기를 설계하여, 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 단순 PID 제어기보다 비선형 시스템에 대한 제어 성능이 좋음을 알 수 있었다.