2G HTS wire with enhanced engineering current density attained through the deposition of HTS layer with increased thickness

A. Molodyk,A. Markelov,A. Valikov,V. Chepikov,A. Petrzhik,B. Massalimov,P. Degtyarenko,R. Uzkih,A. Soldatenko,Kideok Sim,Soon Hwang 한국초전도.저온공학회 2019 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

2G HTS wire with high engineering current density is desired for applications where compact, high power density superconducting equipment is important. We have succeeded in enhancing engineering current density of commercial SuperOx 2G HTS wire based on GdBCO by increasing the HTS layer thickness without fast degradation of the HTS film microstructure. This was possible after improving the temperature uniformity along the HTS film deposition zone. In particular, the wire engineering current density was increased from 700-770 A/mm2 (for a 65 µm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 430-480 A/mm2 (for a 105 µm-thick stabilised wire) at the beginning of this study to almost 1200 A/mm2 (for a 67 µm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 770 A/mm2 (for a 107 µm-thick stabilised wire) at completion of this study.

정화조에서 배출되는 하수관악취 저감방안 연구

조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.5

Outline: Recently, the urban foul odor problem is frequently happening all around Seoul area; CBD, large apartment districts, and low-lying areas where a foul water running velocity is slow. Even though a life foul odor has not been regarded as a serious problem until now, cases of civil appeal are increasing for the sewer foul odor all around Seoul along with the improvement of standard of living and frequent rise of bad smell problems especially in large buildings. The purpose of this study is deliberating the way of reducing the sewer foul odor by examining the origin and process of the urban sewer foul odor generating throughout Seoul. 2. Main results of the study The result of the survey had performed for three years, during 2006~2008, shows that the generating spot of the life sewage foul odor is increasing every year; 1,442 cases in 2006, 2,067 cases in 2007, and 2,523 cases in 2008, total 6,032 cases had been reported. 608,205 Septic tanks including polluted water purifying devices had installed in Seoul, and 11,454 tanks among them are over 500 people capacity tanks. 2) Foul odor concentration examination in Seoul The foul odor in the circumference of Yeosung Green Castle apartment was examined to find the generating characteristics of the life sewage foul odor. Yeosung Green Castle apartment is located where about 10% gradient road is continued more than 500 meters. Foul odor is severly generated at the end of this road, the entrance of a path up a mountain. The sewage foul odor of Namhyun-dong neighborhood is generated from the foul odor of Septic tanks in the houses and apartments. The result of foul odor examination showed the degree of mixed foul odor at the 1 and 2 spots of rainwater receivers are individually 144 and 208 dilution rate, and they are far over 15 that is permissible level. Hydrogen sulfide was measured 15 times higher than the permissible level, 20.0ppb, at the each spots. Methyl mercaptan also was gauged as largely exceeding 2.0ppb, the permissible level. 3) Types of life foul odor The foul odor generated in Seoul could be largely classified into five types as follows; A. the foul odor adjacent to the large buildings, B. the foul odor of small water-purifiers in single-family housing districts, C. the foul odor of sewer system in upstream hilly sections, D. the foul odor of sewer system in low-lying areas, and E. the foul odor of Storm Overflow Diverging Tanks. 4) Problems of life sewage foul odor The problems of the life sewage foul odor are as follows; A. absence of the efficient alteration of sewage foul odor prevention, B. difficulty of a origin blockade in the Septic tanks, the main source of life sewage foul odor, C. absence of a provision for prevention of life sewage foul odor in the Foul Odor Prevention Law and D. difficulty of achieving the foul odor reducing effect by resetting the quality standard of Septic thank`s discharging water. 3. Policy recommendation: 1) Basic principles for reducing ife foul odor (1) Analyzing reality of life sewage foul odor generation The foul odor is inevitably generated in most Korean buildings when discharging water of a Septic tank is influented to the sewer system. However, the foul odor prevention with improving efficiency of a Septic tank has not only much difficulty of securing effectiveness but also lack of scientific approaches. (2) Establishing basic frame for life foul odor prevention The basic frame for life foul odor prevention is as follows, Firstly, introducing the public concept, the mandatory installation and management of Septic tanks and sewer systems, to reduce the sewage foul odor. Secondly, promoting the synthesized management that focuses on a sewer pipe; moving from point control to line control Thirdly, establishing a system by adding the life sewer foul odor provision in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or legislating a new law for the preventing life sewer foul odor, Fourthly, connecting the measure for reduction of Septic tanks and sewer pipe foul odor with the sewerage maintenance, Lastly, founding the effective reduction measure with considering limited effect of a rainwater receiver for the sewer foul odor prevention. (1) Process for managing life sewer foul odor The main contents of process for the life sewer foul odor management are as follows in the order named; A. recognizing the generation spot of the life sewer foul odor, B. examining the life sewer foul odor, C. selecting sewer systems for managing the life sewer foul odor, D. requiring the reduction facility to the large buildings discharging sewage to the sewer system and water-purifying tanks over 500 people capacity by law, E. establishing the synthesized reduction plan in the selected sewer system district, and F. installing the reduction facility for the life sewer foul odor. (2) Systemic improvement for reduction of sewer foul odor Adding the sewer foul odor section in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or Sewerage Law is necessary, and legislating the municipal ordinance for the life sewer foul odor in Seoul is required. It is necessary to make installing the foul odor facility into a mandatory requirement both new construction buildings installed Septic tank over 500 people capacity or larger than 1,500 floor area, and existing buildings located within the sewer foul odor sewer system area. (3) Efficient plan for reducing foul odor in building district ① Installing plan of the foul odor reduction facility for existing buildings in the urban building districts installing vertical outlets on the building side using existing sewer pipes as an induction pipe. ② New construction buildings in single-family housing districts systemizing installing the foul odor reduction facility as mandatory requirement in the buildings both have Septic tank over 500 people capacity and larger than 1500 floor area, ③ Indistinctive source of the sewer foul odor installing the "L"type induction pipe using a street light or telephone pole as a prop. (4) Establishing a plan for sewer four odor reduction Establishing the sewer foul odor maintenance and improvement scheme is required in each district of the sewer foul odor management, On top of that, the sewer foul odor reduction study should be proceeded with the whole region of Seoul, (5) Operating sewer foul odor counterplan party under the government of Seoul The foul odor counterplan party that is consisted with professionals and public service workers should be organized, and the solutions for the foul odor should be made such as a field study, reduction programs, the allotment of facility construction in the regions where the foul odor reduction measure is urgent.

Photocatalytic abatement of phenol on amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-bentonite heterostructures under visible light irradiation

Menelisi C. Dlamini,Mbongiseni L. Dlamini,Pumza Mente,Boitumelo Tlhaole,Rudolph Erasmus,Manoko S. Maubane-Nkadimeng,John A. Moma 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-

A simplistic solvothermal process to fabricate novel amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-Bentonite (A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt)multidimensional photocatalysts in this work is a practical and economically feasible technique for thefabrication of the reported photocatalysts as it is a one-pot process. The stickiness of the A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt wet cake and the low drying temperature make A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt a feasible platform compositefor the fabrication of the photoreactive inner coating of water treatment containers for photocatalytictreatment of drinking water. The A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt photocatalyst with an A-TiO2:BiOBr:Bt mass ratio of1:1:2 (Ti1Bi1Bt2) displayed the highest BET surface area of 124.8 m2/g, a low bandgap of 2.86 eV, and sufficientlylow electron-hole recombination rate. The high number of A-TiO2-BiOBr p-n heterojunctions,and the Ti-O-Si and Bi-O-Si bonds between A-TiO2-BiOBr and Bt in Ti1Bi1Bt2 lowered its electron-holerecombination rate with enhanced visible light-harvesting ability. Within 70 min of visible light irradiation,150 mg of Ti1Bi1Bt2 gave 100% conversion of 100 mL of 20 ppm phenol with a pseudo-first-order rateconstant of 0.0322 min1 at pH 4.0. Scavenging experiments showed superoxide radicals (O2) and electrons(e) being the most dominant reactive oxidation species (ROS) responsible for the phenol photodegradationprocess while holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) also exerted appreciableparticipation.

Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

THE UNAM-KIAS CATALOG OF ISOLATED GALAXIES

Herná,ndez-Toledo, H. M.,Vá,zquez-Mata, J. A.,Martí,nez-Vá,zquez, L. A.,Choi, Yun-Young,Park, Changbom American Institute of Physics 2010 The Astronomical journal Vol.139 No.6

<P>A new catalog of isolated galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 (SDSS DR5) is presented. A total of 1520 isolated galaxies were found in 1.4 sr of sky. The selection criteria in this UNAM-KIAS catalog are a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva, including full redshift information. Through an image processing pipeline that takes advantage of the high-resolution (~0<img entity='farcs' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/farcs.gif' ALT='farcs' ALIGN='BOTTOM' />4 pixel<SUP>–1</SUP>) and high dynamic range of the SDSS images, a uniform g-band morphological classification for all these galaxies is presented. We identify 80% (Sa-Sm) spirals (50% later than Sbc types) on one hand, and a scarce population of early-type E (6.5%) and S0 (8%) galaxies amounting to 14.5% on the other hand. This magnitude-limited catalog is ~80% complete at 16.5, 15.6, 15.2, 14.6, and 14.4 mag in the ugriz bands, respectively. Some representative physical properties including SDSS magnitudes and color distributions, color-color diagrams, absolute magnitude-color, and concentration-color diagrams as a function of morphological type are presented. The UNAM-KIAS Morphological Atlas is also released along with this paper. For each galaxy of a type later than Sa, a mosaic is presented that includes (1) a g-band logarithmic image, (2) a g-band filtered-enhanced image where a Gaussian kernel of various sizes was applied, and (3) a red giant branch color image from the SDSS database. For E/S0/Sa galaxies, in addition to the images in (1), (2), and (3), plots of r-band surface brightness and geometric profiles (ellipticity ε, position angle PA, and A<SUB>4</SUB>/B<SUB>4</SUB> coefficients of the Fourier series expansions of deviations of a pure ellipse) are provided. The size of the sample, the redshift completeness, the availability of high-quality multicolor photometric data and detailed morphological and spectroscopic information make the UNAM-KIAS catalog of isolated galaxies a suitable sample to address important issues such as (1) comparative studies of environmental effects, (2) constraining the currently competing scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution, (3) the nature and evolution of elliptical and spiral galaxies in the field, (4) the spectral properties of a statistically significant number of isolated galaxies and their evolution as a function of redshift, and (5) the fraction of active galactic nuclei in isolated environments, among other important topics. The optimization and estimation of new structural parameters as well as important information to complement existing ones in other wavelengths is being carried out.</P>

지역사회간호사업의 내용 및 평가에 관한 연구 : 일부 저소득층 지역사회를 중심으로

방매륜,한영란 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1990 Health & Nursing Vol.2 No.-

All people aspire to a life of health from birth to death. Health is both a right and a responsibility. Health as a human right is expressed in the WHO stated purpose of "Health for All by the Year 2000." In Korea an unequal distribution of health services is related to the ever increasing cost of medical care due to the professionalization of health services, the costly training and education of health care professionals and the soaring costs of medical equipment. It is now generally accepted that the health care wanted and needed by the people is first and foremost the activation and expansion of equally accessable primary health care. This study was carried out by the nursing staff of the Community Health Nursing Clinic of the Social Welfare Centre of Ewha Womans Uni versity. The research problems included the identification of principles from theories supportive of community health nursing services and of criteria from these theories useful for the evaluation of the services and as objectives to guide future services : the description of the i development of the services with a selected community group over a three year period : the evaluation of those services using the criteria developed from the theories and the recommendation of guide - lines for the planning and practice of these and similar community health nursing services. The purpose was to develop a community health nursing model for the expansion and activation of primary health care. The population was a group of women living with their families in a crowded poor area in one district in the Mapho area of Seoul. The women had organized as a mothers association to strength - en their autonomy and decision-making power. The study describes the process whereby the nurses and women worked together from 1987 to 1989 and how the women changed to become active and critical participants in decision making about their health and the nursing services. A theoretical framework was developed to support and guide the practice using Rogers Science of Unitary Human Beings, concepts of Primary Health Care from Health for All by the Year 2000, the health challenges, promotion mechanisms and implementation strategies of the Framework for Health Promotion of the Canadian Ministry of Health and Welfare and principles from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Four criteria for evaluation of the nursing services were developed from the concepts and principles of the theories. They were : 1. that a nursing theory worthy of providing a world view of the complexity of interrelationships between the human and environmental fields involved in community health nursing - the Science of Unitary Human Beings suplemented by concepts from Primary Health Care and Health Promotion-be used to direct services ; 2. that the people of a community participate in full partnership with service agencies in making decisions regarding the planning, provision and evaluation of their health care ; 3. that both the nurses and people be empowered , and 4. that the community health services be strengthened. Evaluation using the criteria demonstrated the effectiveness of the services in achieving the valued objectives of theory-directed care, empowerment and participation with this population, but relative ineffectiveness in achieving change in official public health policies which would strengthen services or promote a more healthy environment. The four criteria were proposed for use in building more concrete objectives for community health nursing services and the process as helpful for developing future services.

Lebesgue’s criterion for the Riemann integration with respect to a state on a separable unital C*- algebra

A. I. Shtern 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.2

In the paper “Semicontinuous envelopes, Riemann integral, and uniform distribution in C*-algebras” (Funct. Anal. Appl. 29 (4), 268– 275 (1995)(1996)), the author had constructed the Riemann integral with respect to a state on a separable unital C*-algebra A. In particular, the semicontinuous hulls of elements of the enveloping von Neumann algebra A of A were introduced and studied and, for a given state ! on A, a class of selfadjoint elements of the algebra A that are Riemann integrable with respect to the state ω were introduced. It was also proved that this class is the self-adjoint part of a C*-algebra, and relations to the uniform distribution of states of the C*-algebra A with respect to the state ω were indicated. In the present note, we supplement these results by a version of Lebesgue’s criterion for the Riemann integrability of self-adjoint elements of A.

Solvothermal synthesis of high-performance Ni-Co layered double hydroxide nanofoam electrode for electrochemical energy storage

Patel, R.,Inamdar, A.I.,Hou, B.,Cha, S.,Ansari, A.T.,Gunjakar, J.L.,Im, H.,Kim, H. ELSEVIER 2017 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.17 No.4

<P>A nanofoam nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo(OH)(2)) electrode film is fabricated on a stainless-steel substrate with the use of a simple one-step solvothermal process. The nanofoam NiCo(OH)(2) electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2710.2 Fig at a current density.of 9.1 A/g, and a good capacity retention of similar to 70% after 2000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 31.8 A/g. An energy density of 60.23 Wh/kg is obtained at a power density of 1.8 kW/kg. The excellent electrochemical energy storage performance of the NiCo(OH)(2) electrode is due to the synergetic effect of a significantly improved ionic diffusion and an effective charge transfer, which is linked to a well-dispersed interconnected nanofoam morphology and binder-free direct contact with the current collector. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Genetic Variation of SCN5A in Korean Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Young-Soo Lee,Michael A Olaopa,정병천,이상희,신동구,박형섭,조용근,한상미,이명훈,김윤년 대한심장학회 2016 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.46 No.1

Background and Objectives: Due to recent studies that have shown an association between the genetic variation of SCN5A and sick sinus syndrome (SSS), we sought to determine if a similar correlation existed in Korean patients with SSS. Subjects and Methods: We enrolled 30 patients with SSS who showed a sinus pause (longer than 3.0 s) in Holter monitoring, in addition to 80 controls. All exons including the putative splicing sites of the SCN5A gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced either directly or following subcloning. Wild-type and single nucleotide polymorphisms were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells, and the peak sodium current (INa) was analyzed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results: A total of 9 genetic variations were identified: 7 variations (G87A-A29A, IVS9-3C>A, A1673G-H558R, G3823A-D1275N, T5457C-D1819D, T5963G-L1988R, and C5129T-S1710L) had been previously reported, and 2 variants (A3075T-E1025D and T4847A-F1616Y) were novel; the potential structural effects of F1616Y were analyzed in a three-dimensional model of the SCN5A domain. Patch-clamp studies at room temperature demonstrated that the peak INa was significantly increased by 140% in HEK cells transfected with F1616Y comparedwith wild-type (-335.13 pA/pF±24.04, n=8 vs. -139.95 pA/pF±23.76, n=7, respectively). Furthermore, the voltage dependency of theactivation and steady-state inactivation of F1616Y were leftward-shifted compared with wild-type (Vh activation=-55.36 mv±0.22, n=8 vs. Vh activation=-44.21 mV±0.17, n=7; respectively; Vh inactivation=-104.47 mV±0.21, n=7 vs. Vh inactivation=-84.89 mV±0.09, n=12, respectively). Conclusion: F1616Y may be associated with SSS.

초등학교 축구선수의 성격타입(A/B), 정신력과 운동몰입의 구조적 관계

김인수(Kim In-Soo),최정아(Choi Jeang-a) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 초등학교 축구선수의 A/B 타입 성격과 정신력, 운동몰입 간에 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 밝힘으로써 초등학교 축구선수의 경기력 향상에 도움을 주고자 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 초등학교 축구선수로 등록된 236명과 중학교 축구 선수 110명을 대상으로 A/B 타입 성격척도, 정신력 척도, 운동몰입척도를 사용하여 집단 간 t-test 및 공변량 구조분석을 실시하였다. 변인 간의 구조적 관계분석을 위해 A/B 타입 성격을 외생변인으로 하고, 정신력과 운동몰입을 내생변인으로 한 구조모델을 설정하고 검증하였으며 그 결과 첫째, A/B 타입 성격 간 비교에서A 타입 성격소유자가 B타입 성격소유자에 비해 정신력과 운동몰입이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 입상경력유무집단 간 비교에서 입상경력이 있는 선수는 그렇지 못한 선수에 비해 A 타입 성격, 정신력, 운동몰입이 높았다. 초등학교 축구선수와 중학교 축구선수 간 비교에서는 성격타입, 정신력, 운동몰입에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 변인 간 상관분석을 실기한 결과 A/B 타입 성격, 정신력, 운동몰입 간에는 서로 유의한(p<.01) 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 변인 간 구조관계를 분석한 결과 완전매개모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났고, A/B 타입 성격을 외생변인으로 하고 정신력과 운동몰입을 내생변인으로 한 구조모형은 이론모델로서 양호한 것으로 나타났으며(χ2=20.13, df=7, Q=2.88, RMR=.01, GFI=.97, TLI=.94, NFI=.96, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08) 세부 구조경로에서는 A/B타입 성격 → 정신력, 정신력 → 운동몰입의 경로가 유의한(p<.01) 것으로 나타났다. 이를 요약하면 초등학교 축구선수의 경우 A타입 성격 성향이 강할수록 정신력과 운동몰입 수준이 높으며 지방대회 3위 이상의 입상경력을 가진 선수는 그렇지 않는 선수에 비해 A 타입 성격 성향이 강하고, 정신력과 운동몰입 수준이 높다. 또한, A/B 성격 성향은 정신력과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 정신력은 운동몰입과 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 초등학교 축구선수의 운동몰입 수준을 증가시키기 위해서는 정신력의 강화가 필요함을 제시해 주고 있다. Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to define structural relation among A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness, and sport commitment of elementary school soccer players. Methods: This study set up a structural relation model which was composed of exogenous variables as A/B type behavior pattern and endogenous variables were mental toughness, and sport commitment of soccer players. The participants were 236 elementary school and 110 middle school soccer players who lived in G city and J province. This study used A/B type behavior pattern scale, Mental toughness scale and commitment scale. Results: In analysis of t-test, A type players show higher mental toughness and sport commitment than those of B type. The players who had experienced more 3rd place in province soccer competition show higher A type behavior pattern, mental toughness, and behavioral commitment than those of the others. There were no differences between elementary school players and middle school players in A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. In analysis of correlation, there were significant relations between A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. In analysis structure equation, this model can be used as theoretical model because general indexes were proved(χ2=20.13, df=7, Q=2.88, RMR=.01, GFI=.97, TLI=.94, NFI=.96, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08). In analysis details index, there were significant paths of A/B type behavior pattern → mental toughness, mental toughness → sport commitment. Conclusion: In this study define there are causal relationships among A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. To approve sport commitment of elementary school soccer players, players kept up A type behavior pattern and make strong mental toughness.