우리나라 시판비료의 안정동위원소비 특성 연구

윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),임보라,류홍덕 ( Hongduck Ryu ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jeong ),최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2019 No.-

농업에서 작물재배시 토양의 생산력은 높을수록 좋지만, 농업배수로 인한 물에서는 생산력이 과할 경우 부영양화 상태에 이르고 물의 흐름이 원활하지 않는 정체수역에서는 수질오염으로 인한 부작용이 발생하게 된다. 현재 우리나라 하천과 호소의 비점오염원 가운데 수계환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 농약, 비료 및 농업배수와 같은 농업비점오염원에 대한 환경용량이 제대로 평가되지 않았으며 수질 관리에 앞서 오염원과 부하량에 대한 정량적인 평가가 선행되어야 한다. 환경동위원소를 이용한 오염원 추적 연구는 농업생태계 내에서 오염물질의 기원 및 경로를 추적하는데 유용하게 활용되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 질소, 탄소, 황 안정동위원소비를 사용하였다. 정량적인 평가를 위해서는 오염원의 대푯값(end-member)이 구축되어야하며 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 다양한 비료에서의 질소, 탄소, 황 안정동위원소비의 분석을 수행하였다. 질소안정동위원소비는 -3.7 ~ 17.8‰, 탄소안정동위원소비는 -45 ~ -3.7 ‰, 황 안정동위원소비는 -7.5 ~ 10.3 ‰의 범위로 분포하였다. 일반적으로 화학비료의 경우 질소 안정동위원소비는 5 ~0 ‰, 유기질 비료의 경우 10 ~ 20 ‰의 값을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으며 본 연구에서 분석된 비료의 경우 퇴비, 우분을 제외하고 대부분 화학비료의 값에 해당하는 질소 안정동위원소비의 범위를 보이고 있다. 탄소 안정동위원소비는 중국과 이란에서 제조된 비료가 -31‰ 과 -44‰로 매우 가벼운 값을 보이며 황 안정동위원소는 미국비료에서 10.3‰로 구별되고 이는 비료의 생산지에 따른 구분이 가능함을 시사한다. 따라서 더 많은 비료의 안정동위원소비 라이브러리 구축은 농업에 사용되고 있는 비료양의 정량적인 평가를 위한 기초단계에 기여할 것이다.

입자성 유기물의 안정동위원소비를 이용한 팔당호 수계내의 유기물 기원 연구

김희중 ( Hee-joong Kim ),김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),김금희 ( Kum-hee Kim ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (POM) were determined at 7 stations (6 stations in Han river and Paldang dam outflow station) from May to October 2013, in order to understand the origin of POM at the Han river. δ¹³C values of POM in 7 stations were no significant changes season, but δ¹⁵N values were enriched in around Kyeongan stream (K). POC, PN and Chl-a concentration showed a similar seasonal pattern in Kyeongan stream, with an apparent decrease from July to August. POC and PN concentration has a higher correlation with Chl-a concentration in Kyeongan stream (K). δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of POM has a lighter value during lower Chl-a concentration period, compared to other seasons. Our results revealed that Kyeongan stream (K) seemed to be influenced by substantial amount of organic manure or fertilizer input in 2013, compared to the previous year (2012). These results suggest that the analysis of stable isotope ratios is a simple but useful tool for the identification of organic matter origin in aquatic environments.

간호서비스에 대한 고객만족에 관한 연구

정원숙(Won Suk Jung),윤숙희(Sook Hee Yoon) 한국간호행정학회 2003 간호행정학회지 Vol.9 No.1

구멍갈파래 대발생을 야기한 질소원 추적 연구 -질소 및 산소 안정동위원소비 활용-

김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),박재선 ( Jaeseon Park ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2019 No.-

Recently, occurance of opportunistic macroalgae bloom (U. lactuca) is a globally considered a sign of eutrophication. The aims of this study were to determine the cause of the bloom using multi-isotope techniques(δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁵N-NO₃ and δ¹⁸O-NO₃) and investigate why the bloom sustained in the lower reach of the bay. Ulva coverd Bangdu bay were measured along 9 line transects(20 sites). Water column samples including seawater, groundwater, aquaculture and agriculture drainage were collected for nutrient and isotope analysis to investigate the flux of nitrogen from the anthropogenic source. Ulva tissue was collected and analysed both concentration and isotope values for C, N and metals(Sr). The results showed that anthropogenic nitrogen source, specifically ammonium and nitrate, from the agriculture and aquaculture drainage and input from a nearby groundwater acted as a consistent source of nutrient that enabled the bloom to persist in Bangdu bay, Jeju island. With the modeling approach we found a high range in the estimate proportion of groundwater N, indicating that the mixing models is good tool to reveal contribution of N source. The low concentration of metals and high concentration of N in the tissue of U. lactuca mean this algae has the potential to be used as a fertilizer or composted if harvested. Better characterization of tributary δ¹⁵N-NO₃ and δ¹⁸O-NO₃ by better measurements or a more detailed modeling approach will aid in understanding N-cycle dynamics in estuary ecosystem.

탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 입자성 유기물의 기원 추적

김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),이신우 ( Sin-woo Lee ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

Organic carbon and total nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter were determined at 7 stations in Han river from May to September 2015. Bukhan river samples show lower δ¹³C value than dam and Kyeongan stream samples. Difference of flow rate at each point seems the main reason. δ¹³C of all sampling point seemed to be influenced by terrestrial plant (C3 plant) or soil (-32~-22 ‰). δ¹⁵N of Kyeongan stream point seemed to be influenced by manure or sewage, but that of Bughan river sampling point seemed to be influenced by soil. In rainly season, fluctuation of δ¹⁵N is narrow because of dilution and mixing with heavy rain. From the POC/Chlorophyll-a ratio data, organic matter source of dam, Namhan river and Kyeongan stream sampling points seem to come from autochthonous organic matter, and Bughan river data comes from allochthonous organic matter. Kyeongan stream sampling point indicates higher POC concentration and good correlation (r²=0.74~0.94)withchlorophyll-a than other 3 sampling points. Large decrease of δ¹⁵N at Bughan river in August, 2015 was assumed that N-fixing blue-green algae was sharply increased. δ¹⁵N of Bughan river point seemed to be influenced by terrestrial debris (June, 2015), synthetic fertilizer (August, 2015) and soil(June and August, 2015). Sharp decrease of δ ¹³C at Kyeongan stream in August, 2015 seems to be influenced by the drop of amount of photosynthesis. Then, chlorophyll-a concentration was decreased too. Dilution caused by heavy rain in 2015 also seems to decrease δ15N. δ¹⁵N of Kyeongan stream point seemed to be influenced by sewage or manure in 2015.

안정동위원소를 이용한 이동오염원에 의한 대기 중 NO₂의 거동특성 연구

박광수,김혁,유석민,노샘,박유미,석광설,김민섭,윤숙희,김영희,Park, Kwang-Su,Kim, Hyuk,Yu, Suk-Min,Noh, Seam,Park, Yu-Mi,Seok, Kwang-Seol,Kim, Min-Seob,Yoon, Suk Hee,Kim, Young-Hee 한국분석과학회 2019 분석과학 Vol.32 No.1

질소산화물(NOx)은 인위적 배출원(화석연료 연소, 이동오염원, 산업배출원 등)과 자연배출원(번개, 생물기원 토양, 산불 등)으로부터 배출된다. 질소안정동위원소를 이용한 분석 기법은 배출원의 기여도 및 추적 인자로 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 NOx의 특성을 보기 위하여 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$를 측정하였으며 배출원의 동위원소 특성을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시료채취가 용이한 Ogawa PAS를 이용하여 대기 중 가스상 질소를 포집하여 안정동위원소를 분석하였다. 도심지역 터널내부의 평균 $NO_2$ 농도는 $3808.8{\pm}2656.5ppbv$이며, ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ 값은 $7.7{\pm}1.8$‰를 나타내며 일반적인 이동오염원의 값을 나타냈다. 고속도로의 이동오염원으로부터 거리에 따른 결과, 고속도로와 인접한 지점의 $NO_2$ 농도는 $965.4{\pm}125.2ppbv$이며 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$는 $5.9{\pm}1.4$‰이었고, 1.1 km 떨어진 지점의 $NO_2$ 농도는 $372.5{\pm}95.9ppbv$이며 ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$는 $-11.5{\pm}2.9$‰로 고속도로인근의 값이 높게 나타내었다. 고속도로부터 이동오염원 기여율을 보기 위하여 binary mixing model을 수행하였으며 고속도로와 근접할수록 기여율, 농도 및 동위원소가 높게 나타나는 경향을 나타냈다. Sources of NOx are both anthropogenic (e.g. fossil fuel combustion, vehicles, and other industrial processes) and natural (e.g. lightning, biogenic soil processes, and wildfires). The nitrogen stable isotope ratio of NOx has been proposed as an indicator for NOx source partitioning, which would help identify the contributions of various NOx sources. In this study, the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values of vehicle emissions were measured in an urban region, to understand the sources and processes that influence the isotopic composition of NOx emissions. The Ogawa passive air sampler was used to determine the isotopic composition of $NO_2$(g). In urban tunnels, the observed $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values averaged $3809{\pm}2656ppbv$ and $7.7{\pm}1.8$‰, respectively. The observed ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values are associated with slight regional variations in the vehicular $NO_2$ source. Both $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values were significantly higher near the expressway ($965{\pm}125ppbv$ and $5.9{\pm}1.4$‰) than at 1.1 km from the expressway ($372{\pm}96ppbv$ and $-11.5{\pm}2.9$‰), indicating a high proportion of vehicle emissions. Ambient ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ values were used in a binary mixing model to estimate the percentage of the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ value contributed by vehicular NOx emissions. The calculated percentage of the ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$ contribution by vehicles was significantly higher close to the highway, as observed for the $NO_2$ concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_2$.

TC/TN-IRMS를 이용한 수질시료 내 총 유기탄소 안정동위원소 분석법 소개

박시영 ( Si-yeong Park ),김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),유은진 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),정현미 ( Jongwoo Choi ),최종우 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2020 No.-

The measurement of stable isotope ratios on total organic carbon (TOC) has long posed analytical problems and limited the use of this powerful tracer in biogeochemical studies in aquatic systems. Here, we provide a detailed description of a successful coupling of a custom-modified total organic carbon and nitrogen analyzer (Elementar, ISO TOC Cube) to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (Isoprime precision, CF-IRMS). The method is based on the wet oxidation of up to 20 mL aqueous sample in a closed reactor, produced CO₂ is carried over a water trap and purification column in a stream of He and introduced into the IRMS via a conventional open-split interface, enabling both quantification and δ¹³C analysis. Typical repeatability of δ¹³C analyses on TOC in this setup is in the order of 0.3‰ or better, comparable to that obtained in a more conventional elemental analyzer-IRMS setup. Typical overall system blank values for TOC analysis are in the order of 1 ㎍ C. Analytical conditions (reaction time, reagent concentrations) were optimized for samples, so that a single method can handle all types of environmental TOC samples. To evaluate a success of the method developed in this study, two international standards, IAEA-600 (δ¹³C = -27.7‰) and IAEA-CO-8 (δ¹³C = -5.7‰) were used. Measured their δ¹³C values were -27.7 ± 0.3‰ (n=100) for IAEA-600 and -5.7 ± 0.4‰ (n=100) for IAEA-CO-8, respectively, in excellent agreement with recommended values within the error. The method developed in this study will help researcher studying carbon cycle and tracing sources of TOC in the aquatic environment.

소나무 나이테별 중금속 농도의 시계열 분포 특성

최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ),김지영 ( Jee-young Kim ),김민섭 ( Min Seob Kim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),임보라 ( Bo Ra Lim ),박재선 ( Jae Seon Park ) 한국환경분석학회 2018 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.21 No.3

A study on the environmental pollution history in a zinc refinery and background areas was conducted by analyzing heavy metal concentrations and stable isotope ratios (¹³C, Pb) in pine tree rings. The δ¹³C ratio of pine tree rings in the zinc refinery (SN1, S6) and background areas (B3) increased from 1968 to 1987. However, since 1988, there have been regional differences in this value. The δ¹³C value of the pine tree rings in the S6 area was found to be negatively correlated with those in the SN1 area, and that in the B3 area showed a positive correlation with the average atmospheric temperature in the winter season. During the 1980 to 1990 period, the concentration of five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn) in the pine tree rings was 2-10 times higher than those during the last five years. Particularly, the concentration of zinc ion appeared to be higher (28.8 μg/g) than that of other ions such as lead (3.1 μg/g) and cadmium (3.1 μg/g). This indicates that there has been a higher correlation between heavy metal concentrations and environmental pollution history since 1970, when the refinery construction was completed. On comparing the lead isotope ratios in the pine tree rings using Laser Ablation-MC/ICP/MS, it was estimated that the lead source could vary with the seasons, but the changes in the heavy metal absorption mechanisms of pine trees will be considered.

탈질미생물을 활용한 질산염의 질소 및 산소 안정동위원소비 동시 분석기법 정립

김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),이신우 ( Sin-woo Lee ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

Current research introduces utilization of stable isotope for identification of nitrogen sources with conventional approaches (bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope of POM and nitrogen isotope of DIN) as well as new approaches (nitrogen and oxygen isotopes) in freshwater ecosystem. In this study organic matter origin and nitrogen sources is possibly traced by both approaches suggesting that nitrogen sources should be identified in freshwater ecosystem using multiple stable isotope methods. In order to determine the suitable sample concentration required for high precision and accuracy and the factors required for optimal equipment conditions, certified reference materials were repeatedly measured with various concentration range using TG-IRMS. To evaluate the precision and accuracy of our analytical resutls, three reference materials (IAEA-NO-3, USGS 34 and USGS 35) were analyzed repeatedly. Measured δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values of IAEA-NO-3, USGS34 and USGS35 were 4.7±0.1‰ and 25.6±0.5‰, and -1.8±0.1‰ and -27.8±0.4‰, and 2.7±0.2‰ and 57.5±0.7‰, respectively. These data are all consistent with recommended values within the error. This indicates that our established method and measurement is reliable and thus can be widely used to trace the contamination source of nitrate in freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, organic matter origin and nitrogen sources is possibly traced by denitrification method suggesting that nitrogen sources should be identified in freshwater ecosystem using multiple stable isotope methods.

안정동위원소를 이용한 이동오염원에 의한 대기 중 NO₂의 거동특성 연구

박광수(Kwang-Su Park),김혁(Hyuk Kim),유석민(Suk-Min Yu),노샘(Seam Noh),박유미(Yu-Mi Park),석광설(Kwang-Seol Seok),김민섭(Min-Seob Kim),윤숙희(Suk Hee Yoon),김영희(Young-Hee Kim) 한국분석과학회 2019 분석과학 Vol.32 No.1