Treadmill 최대 운동시 Impedance 심장기록법의 개선에 의한 마라톤 선수의 심박출량과 산소소비량과의 관계

강두희,황수관,연동수,유선희,김덕원,Kang, Doo-Hee,Hwang, Soo-Kwan,Yeon, Dong-Soo,Yuh, Seon-Hee,Kim, Deok-Won 대한생리학회 1990 대한생리학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Maximal cardiac output and oxygen uptake $(VO_{2max})$ were measured during treadmill exercise for seven top-class marathoners and nine non-athletes using impedance cardiograph developed by one of the authors (DW Kim). Results of this study are summarized as belows. 1) New shoes with sponge and silicon rubber attached to the soles were developed to reduce motion artifact during treadmill exercise. Ensemble everaging techneque with the developed shoes was also used to improve the measurement of stroke volume using impedance cardiography. 2) Maximal cardiac output of the athletes, 14.98 L/min, was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 13.46 L/min. As maximal heart rate of the marathoners is lower than that of non-athletes, stroke volume of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter. 3) $VO_{2max}$ of the marathoners, 59.38 ml/kg/min, was higher than that of the non-athletes, 40.22 ml/kg/min. At the anaerobic threshold. $VO_{2max}$ of the former was 62.3% of $VO_{2max}$ and this was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 57.2%, This results indicates that the marathoners have higher aerobic capacity than the non-athletes. 4) The marathoners showed larger $VO_2$ than the non-athletes at the same cardiac output, indicating that a-v $O_2$ of the former is higher than that of the latter. 5) Maximal systolic pressure of the marathoners was higher than that of the non-athletes, and so was maximal rate-pressure products. These results indicate that heart oxygen consumption rate $(hVO_2)$ of the marathoner is higher than that of the non-athletes is mainly due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to their larger a-v $O_2$. The marathoners show both higher threshold and $VO_{2max}$. Especially, measurement of cardiac output during treadmill exercise by improved impedance cardiography is expected to contribute in study of cardiac function of athletes.

임피던스 방법을 이용한 체지방 측정

김덕원,송철규,황수관,Kim, Deok-Won,Song, Chul-Gyu,Hwang, Soo-Kwan 대한의용생체공학회 1992 의공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Bioelectrical Impedance method for measuring human body composition is based upon the principle that the electrical conductivity of the fat-free mass (FFM) is far greater than that of the (at. Deter- mination o( impedance was nlade in 30 healthy and obese men aged $40.9{\pm}14.7$yr (mean${\pm}$SD) and 25 healthy and obese women aged $44.0{\pm}10.2$ yr. A commercial impedance body fat analyzer was used with a four electrode arrangement that introduced a painless constant current(ImA at 50 kHz) into the body. Linear relationships were found between impudence values and FFM(r=-0.786) and between weight and FFM(r=0.837). Signigicant increases in the correlation coefficients were ob served when the predicator Hta/z was regressed against FFM(r=0.912) where Ht Is height and Z Is impedance. A linear regression equation, FFM=0.586(Htf/z) +0.317(Weight) -1.674(r=0.977), was found. The correlation coefficient of % body fat between the impedance and infrared methods was 0.898. These data Indicate that the bioelectrical impedance technique is a reliable and valld approach for the estimation of human body composition. This method Is safe, noninvasivr, prouides rapld measure menu, requires little operator skill and subject cooperation, and Os portable. Finally measurement of percent body fat was made possible using both the regression equation and a developed impedance measuring device which measures impedance between wrist and ankle.

운동종목별(運動種目別) 선수(選手)의 심전도시간간격(心電圖時間間隔), 파고(波高) 및 벡터의 비교(比較)

권기영,이원정,황수관,주영은,Kwon, Ki-Young,Lee, Won-Jung,Hwang, Soo-Kwan,Choo, Young-Eun 대한생리학회 1985 대한생리학회지 Vol.19 No.1

운동종목별(運動種目別) 선수(選手)들의 심기능(心機能)을 비교(比較)하기 위하며 운동경력(運動經歷)이 3년이상(年以上)이 된 고등학교(高等學校)의 투척(投擲)(7명), 도약(跳躍)(11명), 단거리(短距離)(8명), 장거리(長距離)(14명), 권투(拳鬪)(7명), 배구(排球)(8명) 및 야구(野球)(9명) 선수(選手)와 비선수(非選手)(19명)들의 안정시(安靜時)심전도상(心電圖上)에 나타난 시간간격(時間間隔), 파고(波高) 및 vector를 비교(比較) 분석(分析)하였다. 안정시(安靜時)의 R-R(간격)間隔은 각종목별(各種目別) 선수(選手)들은$0.96{\sim}1.09$ 초(秒)로 비선수군(非選手群)의 0.78초(秒)에 비(比)해 유의(有意)한 서맥(徐脈)을 보여주었다. R-R간격(間隔)은 P-R, Q-T 및 T-P간격(間隔)의 합(合)으르 나타나는데, P-R 및 Q-T간격(間隔)은 각(各 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군간(非選手群間)에 차이(差異)가 없었으나 T-P간격(間隔)은 도약(跳躍), 단거리(短距離), 장거리(長距離) 및 권투선수(拳鬪選手)들에서 비선수군(非選手群)보다 유의(有意)하게 높았다. R-R간격(間隔)은 T-P 및 Q-T간격(間隔)과 유의(有意)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으나 P-R 및 QRS간격(間隔)과는 상관관계(相關關係)가 없었다. 심전도(心電圖)의 파고(波高)를 비교(比較)해 보면 lead $V_5$에서의 P파고(波高)$(Pv_5)$는 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해서 각종목(各種目) 선수군(選手群)이 전반적(全般的)으로 낮은 경향(傾向)을 보여주었고, 특(特)히 투척(投擲) 및 도약선수군(跳躍選手群)은 유의(有意)하게 낮았다. T파고(波高)$(Tv_5)$는 투척선수군(投擲選手群)이 비선수군(非選手群)보다 유의(有意)하게 낮았으나 다른 선수군(選手群)들은 차이(差異)가 없었다. R파고(波高)$(Rv_5)$는 장거리선수군(長距離選手群)을 제외(除外)한 다른 종목선수(種目選手)들과 비선수(非選手)사이에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 장거리선수군(長距離選手群)의 $(Rv_5)$파고(波高)는 비선수(非選手)뿐만 아니라 다른 종목선수군(種目選手群)보다도 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Lead $V_1$에서의 S파고(波高)$(Sv_1)$는 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군(非選手群)사이에 차이(差異)가 없었다. $Rv_5$와 $Sv_1$파고(波高)의 합(合)은 장거리선수군(長距離選手群)만이 다른 종목선수군(種目選手群)들이나 비선수군(非選手群)보다 유의(有意)하게 높았으며 다른 선수군(選手群)들은 비선수군(非選手群)과 차이(差異)가 없었다. 심전도(心電圖)의 vector를 비교(比較)해 보면 P, QRS, T축(軸)의 각도(角度)는 frontal 및 horizontal plane 상(上)에서 각선수군(各選手群)과 비선수군(非選手群)사이에 차이(差異)가 없었다. P vector의 길이는 각선수군(各選手群)이 비선수(非選手)보다 낮은 경향(傾向) 나타냈으며, 특(特)히 horizontal plane에서 투척(投擲), 도약(跳躍), 단거리(短距離) 및 야구선수(野球選手)들이 비선수군(非選手群)보다 유의(有意)하게 낮았다. QRS와 T vector의 길이는 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군간(非選手群間)에 차이(差異)가 없었고, 야구선수(野球選手)만이 frontal plane에서 QRS vector의 길이가 비선수군(非選手群)보다 높았다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 보면 각종목(各種目) 운동선수군(運動選手群) 전반(全般)은 비선수(非選手)보다 유의(有意)한 서맥(徐脈)을 나타내며 이는 주로 T-P 간격(間隔)이 길기 때문이다. 파고(波高)의 높이와 vector를 비교(比較)해 볼때 각종목( In order to compare the cardiac function of various groups of athletes, the resting electrocardiographic time intervals, amplitudes and vectors were analyzed in high school athletes of throwing(n=7), jumping(n=11), short track(n=8), long track(n=14), boxing(n=7), volleyball(n=8) and baseball(n=9), and nonathletic control students(n= 19). All athletic groups showed a significantly longer R-R interval(0.96-1.09 sec) than the controls (0.78 sec). Therefore, the heart rate was significantly slower in atheletes than in the control, but was not different among the different athletic groups. R-R interval is the sum of intervals of P-R, 0-T and T-P: P-R and Q-T intervals showed no difference among the control and athletic groups, but T-P interval in the jump, short track, long track and boxing groups was significantly higher than the control. R-B interval showed a significant correlation with T-P or Q-T intervals but no correlation with P-R or QRS complex. Comparing the amplitude of electrocardiographic waves, the athletic groups showed a lower trend in P wave than the controls. T wave in lead $V_5\;(Tv_5)$ was similar in the athletic and control groups. The long track group showed a significantly higher waves of $Rv_5$, $Sv_1$, and the sum of $Rv_5$ and $Sv_1$ than not only the controls but also the other athletic group. The angles of P, QRS, and T vector in the frontal and horizontal planes were not different among the control and all the athletic groups. Each athletic group stowed a lower trend in amplitude of P vector in the frontal plane, but in horizontal plane, throwing, jump, short track and baseball groups showed a significantly lower than the controls. The amplitude of QRS and T vector was similar in the athletic and control groups, but only the baseball group showed a significantly higher QRS vector in the frontal plane. In taken together, all the athletic groups showed a slower heart rate than the controls, mainly because of elongated T-P interval. Comparing the electrocardiographic waves and vector, the athletic groups showed lower amplitudes of P wave and P vector than the controls. Values of $Rv_5$ and $Sv_1$ strongly suggest that only the long distance runners among the various athletic groups developed a left ventricular hypertrophy.

체력단련(體力鍛練)이 심전도파고(心電圖波高)와 QRS벡타에 미치는 효과(效果)

유완식(Yu, Wan-Sik),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan),김형진(Kim, Hyeong-Jin),주영은(Choo, Young-Eun) 대한생리학회 1984 대한생리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

장기간(長期間) 체력단련(體力鍛鍊)이 심전도파고(心電圖波高) 및 심전도(心電圖) vector에 미치는 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하고자 10명(名)의 운동선수군(運動選手群)과 13명(名)의 비운동선수군(非運動選手群)에서 rebounder운동전후(運動前後)의 심전도파고(心電圖波高)와 QRS vector의 길이를 측정(測定)하여 분절(分折)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 심전도파고(心電圖波高)에서 R파고(波高)는 선수군(選手群)이 23.38±1.14 mm로서 비선수군(非選手群)의 17.91±2.00 mm에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 높았고, 운동후(運動後)에도 선수군(選手群)이 계속(繼續) 유의(有意)하게 높았다. S파고(波高)는 양군(兩群) 모두 운동후(運動後)는 안정시(安靜時)에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 높았으며, T파고(波高)는 운동후(運動後) 감소(減少)하였다. P파고(波高)는 양군(兩群) 모두 운동후(運動後) 증가(增加)하였으며 선수군(選手群)이 다소 낮았다. PQ분절(分節)의 파고(波高)는 선수군(選手群)은 0인데 비(比)해 비선수군(非選手群)은 negative를 나타냈으며 운동후(運動後)에 유의(有意)하게 감소(減少)하였다. J점(點)은 양군(兩群) 모두 안정시(安靜時) positive에서 운동후(運動後) 유의(有意)하게 감소(減少)하여 negative를 나타냈고, J+0.08초(秒)도 운동후(運動後) 양군(兩群) 모두 감소(減少)하였으며 선수군(選手群)이 다소 높았다. 그러므로 ST분절(分節)은 운동후(運動後) 감소(減少)함을 알 수 있다. Rv₅와 Sv₁의 합(合)은 선수군(選手群)이 38.74±2.71 mm로서 비선수군(非選手群)의 32.28±2.90 mm에 비(比)해 높았으며 운동후(運動後)에도 선수군(選手群)이 유의(有意)하게 높았다. QRS vector 각도(角度)에서 Frontal plane에서 선수군(選手群)이 62.7±7.36˚로서 비선수군(非選手群)과 별(別) 차이(差異)가 없었고, horizontalplane에서는 선수군(選手群)이 -23.5±7.2˚로서 비선수군(非選手群)의 -38.8±8.2˚에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 높았으며 운동후(運動後) 양군(兩群) 모두 유의(有意)하게 높았다. QRS vector 길이에서 Frontal plane에서 선수군(選手群)이 13.86±1.44 mm로서 비선수군(非選手群)의 9.62±0.97 mm에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 높았으며 운동후(運動後)에도 유의(有意)하게 높았다. Horizontal plane에서도 선수군(選手群)이 19.82±2.10 mm로서 비선수군(非選手群)의 16.90±1.39 mm에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 높았고 운동후(運動後)에도 선수군(選手群)이 유의(有意)하게 높았다. 이상(以上)을 종합(綜合)해 보면 선수군(選手群)의 R파고(波高)가 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 운동후(運動後) 계속(繼續) 유의(有意)하게 높았고, Rv₅와 Sv₁파고(波高)의 합(合)이 38.74mm정도(程度)로 좌심실(左心室)이 비대(肥大)함을 알 수 있으며, 선수군(選手群)의 PQ분절파고(分節波高)와 ST분절(分節) 파고(波高)가 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 높고 운동후(運動後)에 양군(兩群) 모두 감소(減少)한 점(點)은 주목(注目)할만한 사실(事實)이며, 특(特)히 선수군(選手群)의 QRS vector의 길이가 모두 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의(有意)하게 긴점등(點等)으로 좌심실기능(左心室機能)이 우수(優秀)한 스포츠심장(心臟)임을 알 수 있으며, 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군(非選手群)을 평가(評價)할 수 있는 중요(重要)한 지표(指標)가 될 것으로 사료(思料)되는 바이다. In an effort to elucidate the effect of physical training on the electrocardiographic amplitudes, QRS vector, axis and QRS vector amplitude, electrocardiograms were recorded before and 1, 5 and 10 minutes after 3 minute rebounder exercise in 23 healthy male students aged between 18 and 21 years in two groups of athletes and non-athletes. ECG amplitudes were measured from lead I, V₁ and V₅ and axis and amplitudes of QRS vectors were measured from lead I and III in frontal plane, from lead V₂ and lead V₆ in horizontal plane. The results obtained are summarized as follows. ECG amplitudes: The R wave amplitude was 23.38±1.14 mm in athletes which was higher than 17.91±2.00 mm in non-athletes. After exercise, the difference in two groups remained significant throughout the recovery period. The S wave amplitude was increased significantly, and the T wave amplitude was decreased in both groups after exercise. The P wave amplitude was increased in both groups after exercise, and it was lower in athletes than in non-athletes. The PQ segment amplitude was zero in athletes but negative in non-athletes than in the resting state. The J point amplitude was positive in resting state and was negative after exercise in both groups. J+0.08 sec point amplitude was also lowered after exercise, and it was higher in athletes than in non-athletes. Therefore the whole ST segment was proved to be decreased after exercise. The summated amplitude of R in V₅ plus S in V₁ was 38.74±2.71 mm in athletes which was higher than 32.82±2.90 mm in non-athletes. After exercise, it was also significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes. Axis of QRS vector: In frontal plane, axis of QRS vector was 62.7±7.36˚ in athletes, it showed no significant difference between the two groups. In horizontal plane, axis of QRS vector was -23.5±7.2˚ in athletes which was significantly higher than -38.8±8.2˚ in non-athletes. After exercise, it was significantly higher than the resting state in both groups. Amplitude of QRS vector : In frontal plane, amplitude of QRS vector was 13.86±1.44 mm in athletes which was significantly higher than 9.62±0.97 mm in non-athletes. After exercise, it was also significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes. In horizontal plane, amplitude of QRS vector was 19.82±2.10 mm in athletes which was significantly higher than 16.90±1.39 mm in non-athletes. After exercise, it was also significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes. From the above, these results indicate that R wave amplitude in athletes was significantly higher than in non-athletes before and after exercise, and that the summated amplitude of R in V₅ plus S in V₁ in athletes was also 38.74±2.71 mm suggesting a left ventricular hypertrophy We should note that the PQ segment and ST segment amplitude were higher in athletes than in non-athletes, and they were decreased with exercise in both groups. In particular, the fact that amplitudes of QRS vector in frontal plane or in horizontal plane were significantly greater in athletes than in non-athletes may be an index in evaluating athletes.

체력단련(體力鍛鍊)이 폐기능(肺機能)에 미치는 효과(效果)

남팔수(Nam, Pal-Soo),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan),김형진(Kim, Hyeong-Jin),주영은(Choo, Young-Eun) 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

장기간(長期間)의 체력단련(體力鍛鍊)이 폐기능(肺機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보고자 운동선수군(運動選手群) 24명(名)과 비운동선수군(非運動選手群) 12(名)에 대(對)하여 실시(實施)한 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 호흡수(呼吸數), 일회호흡량(一回呼吸量) 폐활량(肺活量)은 실시군(實施群)과 비실시군(非實施群) 사이에 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었으나, 최대환기능(最大換氣能)은 선수군(選手群)이 148.1±3.01 L/min, 비선수군(非選手群)이 1118.3±9.1 L/min 로서 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 초시폐활량(秒時肺活量)은 선수군(選手群)이 3.310±0.070 L, 비선수군(非選手群)이 2.279±0.104 L였고, FEV₁ 25~75%는 선수군(選手群)이 83.63±1.29%, 비선수군(非選手群)이 75.33±1.75%로서 둘 다 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. FEF 0.2~1.2L는 선수군(選手群)이 297.7±13.5 L/min, 비선수군(非選手群)이222.7±15.0 L/min였고, FEF 25~75%는 선수군(選手群)이 3.543±0.109 L/sec, 비선수군(非選手群)이 2.719±0.142 L/sec로서 둘다 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하면 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군(非選手群) 사이에 폐용적(肺容積)은 별차이(別差異)가 없으나, 최대환기능(最大換氣能), 초시폐활량(秒時肺活量), FEV₁%, $FEF 0.2~1.2L, FEF 25~75% 등(等)은 선수군(選手群)이 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01) 높은 측정치(測定値)를 나타내었으며, 이것은 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 호흡근(呼吸筋)의 힘이 더 강(强)하거나, 폐(肺) 및 흉곽(胸廓)의 용압률(容壓率)이 더 크기 때문인 것으로 사료(思料)된다. In the present study, an effort was directed to elucidate the effect of the physical training on the pulmonary function. Twenty-four male athletics major students who have undergone regular physical training for more than five years were randomly chosen as the athletic subjects, and 12 regular male students who have not been engaged in any form of regular physical exercise or training were chosen as the non-athletic subjects, and a comparison was made between the two groups. The following were mainly observed by spirometry for the study; respiratory rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV), forced expiratory volume for 1 second(FEV₁), percent FEV₁ to forced vital capacity(FEV_1%), forced expiratory flow for initial 1 liter(FEF 0.2~1.2L), and forced mid-expiratory flow(FEF 25-75%). The results obtained are summarized as follow. 1) The respiratory rate, tidal volume, and vital capacity showed no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. The MVV in athletes was significantly (p<0.01) increased to 148.1±3.1 L/min comparing with 118.3±9.1 L/min in non-athletes. 2) FEV₁ was 3.310±0.070 L in athletes and 2.779±0.104 in non-athletes; FEV₁% 83.63±1.29% in athletes and 75.33±1.75% in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 3) FEF 0.2-1.2L was 297.1±13.5 L/min in athletes and 222.7±15.0 L/min in non-athletes; FEF 25-75% was 3.543±0.109 L/sec in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 4) Some discussions were made on these results. The lung volumes showed no significant difference between the two groups. But MVV, FEV₁, FEV₁%, FEF 0.2-1.2L and FEF 25-75% in athletes were significantly(p<0.01) higher than in non-athletes. It is therefore concluded that the athletes have more powerful respiratory muscles, or higher compliance of the lung and thorax than the non-athletes.

단련한 흰쥐의 속근 및 지근에 Glycogen 과저장이 운동 지구력에 미치는 영향

연동수(Yeoun, Dong-Soo),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan),김인숙(Kim, In-Sook),고성경(Ko, Seong-Kyeong),남택상(Nam, Taick-Sang),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate relationships between maximal running time (MRT) and glycogen supercompensation in fast twitch white fibers (white vastus, WV), fast twitch red fibers (red vastus, RV) and slow twitch red fibers (soleus muscle, SM) of endurance-trained rats. Male rats of a Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into the trained groups and untrained groups. Untrained groups were acquired to run on the treadmill 10 minutes for 3 days and remained rest and maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. For last 10 days of resting period, the untrained rats were divided into 3 groups i.e. mixed diet (untrained control), high and low carbohydrate (CHO) diet groups. And each group was subdivided into 2 groups, one group was tested for the MRT and the other was sacrificed to measure the blood glucose, blood lactate, glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The experimental groups were trained on treadmill by a modified method of Constable et al. (1984) maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. After measurement of MRT of this group, they were also divided into high and low CHO groups and fed with these diet for 2 days and MRT of each group was measured again to see the effect of high or low CHO feeding on the MRT. Each group was maintained with the same diet for next 2 days during which some of the rats were sacrificed at given time intervals for the measurements of blood glucose and lactate, liver and the muscles glycogen. The results were summarized as follows; 1) In the untrained group, there were no significant differences between subgroups in MRT, glycogen conent of SM, RV and WV. But blood glucose concentration and glycogen content of liver of low CHO group were significantly lower than those of mixed diet group. 2) The MRT and glycogen content of SM, RV and WV of trained mixed diet group were significantly increased compared to those of untrained mixed diet group, but there was no significant difference in glycogen content of liver. 3) MRT of trained mixed, high CHO and low CHO groups were 137±9.8, 176±9.8 and 129±7.3 min respectively with the significant difference between them. 4) There were no differences in blood lactate concentrations between the trained high and low CHO groups immediately after maximal running and during recovery period. 5) Glycogen contents in RV and SM of trained high CHO group were significantly increased, and glycogen contents in RV, WV and liver of trained low CHO group were significantly decreased compared to those of trained mixed diet group. 6) Immediately after maximal running, the blood glucose concentrations of trained high CHO and low CHO groups were 73±4.0 and 67±6.9mg% respecitively. The blood glucose of the trained high CHO group was fully recovered within one hour by feeding. But blood glucose concentration of low CHO group was slowly recovered up to 114±4.1mg% after two hours of feeding and maintained. Those values were still significantly lower than that of trained mixed diet group. The synthetic rates of glycogen in liver and muscles during the recovery period followed the similar time course of the blood glucose recoveries in each group. These results suggest that an increase in MRT of trained high CHO group was attributed to the glycogen supercompensation in slow twitch muscle fibers. And a decrease in MRT of trained low CHO may be due to decreased glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The results also suggest that glycogen supercompensation was more evident in slow twitch red fibers of endurance-trained rats and blood glucose is one of the limiting factors of glycogen synthesis.

고등학교(高等學校) 운동선수(運動選手)의 심폐기능(心肺機能), 근전도(筋電圖) 및 혈액성분(血液成分)의 특성(特性)

주영은(Choo, Young-Eun),이원정(Lee, Won-Jung),박재식(Park, Jae-Sik),김형진(Kim, Hyeong-Jin),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan) 대한생리학회 1984 대한생리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

고등학교(高等學校) 운동선수(運動選手)의 심폐기능(心肺機能)과 근전도(筋電圖) 혈액성분(血液成分)의 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하고자 16 ~ 19세(歲)의 고등학생(高等學生) 선수군(選手群) 19명(名)과 비선수군(非選手群) 20명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 하여 실시(實施)한 본연구(本硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 심전도시간간격(心電圖時間間隔)은 선수군(選手群)이 길었으며 특(特)히 R-R, Q-T 및 T-P간격(間隔)이 유의(有意)하게 길었다. 안정시(安靜時) 선수군(選手群)의 심박수(心搏數)는 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 서맥(徐脈)을 나타내었다. 심전도파고(心電圖波高)도 선수군(選手群)이 Rv₅파고(波高)와 Tv₅파고(波高)에서 유의(有意)하게 높았다. 2) 폐기능중(肺機能中)에 노력성호기량지수(努力性呼氣量指數)는 선수군(選手群)이 높았으며, 특(特)히 FEV 0.5초치(秒値)가 유의(有意)하게 높았고, 노력성폐류속(努力性肺流速)에서도 선수군(選手群)이 높았으며 특(特)히 PEF, FEF 25%, PIF 및 FEF 200 ~ 1200 ml 치(値)가 유의(有意)하게 높았다. 3) 심변수(心辯數), 혈압(血壓) 및 호흡수(呼吸數)는 운동후(運動後) 유의(有意)하게 증가(增加)하였으며, 이중(中)에 심박수(心博數) 및 호흡수(呼吸數)는 비선수군(非選手群)이 더 증가(增加)하였는데 비(比)해 혈압(血壓)은 선수군(選手群)이 더 증가(增加)하였다. 4) 정귀혈(靜歸血)의 산소분압(酸素分壓)(PvO₂)은 운동후(運動後) 감소(減少)하였고 탄산(炭酸)가스분압(分壓)(PvCO₂)는 증가(增加)하였으며, 양군(兩群)사이에는 별(別) 차이(差異)가 없었다. 5) 혈중(血中) glucose농도(濃度) 및 유산농도(乳酸濃度)는 운동후증가(運動後增加)하였고 특(特)히 혈중유산농도(血中乳酸濃度)가 유의(有意)하게 증가(增加)하였으며, 비선수군(非選手群)이 선수군(選手群)에 비(比)해 그 배가(培加)가 더 컸다. 6) 체전도파고(締電圖波高)가 운동부하(運動負荷)의 배(培)에 따라 계속증가(繼續增加)되었으며 이 중(中) 선수군(選手群)의 진폭(振幅)의 증가(增加)가 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 더 컸다. In an effort to elucidate the physiological characteristics in cardiopulmonary function, electromyogram(EMG), and blood chemistry in athletic high school students, an analysis of electrocardiogram(ECG) and EMG, pulmonary function test, venous blood gas analysis(PvO₂ andPvCO₂), and measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood glucose and blood lactate were made for 16 to 19 year-old high school students who were divided into athletic (n=19) and non-athletic (n=20) group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) ECG intervals in athletes were longer than in non-athletes, and the difference was significant in R-R, Q-T and T-P intervals. Resting heart rate in athletes was 56.3/min showing a bradycardia compared with 79.8/min in non-athletes. Amplitudes of R and T waves in lead V₅5 were significantly higher than in non-athletes. 2) Pulmonary function parameters in athletes showed higher values than in non-athletes. Parameters which showed significant differences were FEV 0.5, PEF, FEF 25%, PIF and FEF 200 ~ 1.200 ml</TEX>. 3) Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate after exercise were significantly elevated from resting values. Heart rate and respiratory rate showed greater increase in non-athletes, while blood pressure showed greater increase in athletes. 4) PvO₂ was lowered ana PvCO₂ was elevated after exercise, and there was no significant difference between two groups. 5) Blood glucose and lactate levels were elevated after exercise. The difference was significant in blood lactate, and was greater in non-athletes. 6) EMG amplitude was steadily increased with increasing load of exercise, and the increase was greater in athletes than in non-athletes.

성장호르몬이 결핍된 성인에서 성장호르몬의 치료 효과

정윤석(Yoon Sok Chung),이현철(Hyun Chul Lee),안광진(Kwang Jin Ahn),이은직(Eun Jig Lee),임승길(Sung Kil Lim),김경래(Kyung Rae Kim),허갑범(Kap Bum Huh),황수관(Soo Kwan Hwang),백인경(In Kyoung Park),이종호(Jong Ho Lee),이영해(Young Hae 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

N/A Background: The growth hormone deficient adults have reduced lean body mass and increased fat mass. And growth hormone deficiency leads to other endocrinologic and metabolic alterations. In recent studies, growth hormone replacement therapy improved these endocrinologic and metabolic alterations. Methods: In a placebo controlled trial, we studied the effects of six months treatment of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in 28 adults with GH deficiency, The patients had acquired GH deficiency due to pituitary tumors (13 cases), Sheehan`s syndrome (13 cases), and head trauma (2 cases). They were randomly divided into three groups. The group 1 (10 cases, M:F= 5:5) received 0.06 U of rhGH per kilogram of body weight subcutaneously three times a week at bed time, the group 2 (9 cases, M:F=4:5) received same amout of rhGH daily, and the group 3 (9 cases, M:F=4:5) received placebo. Results; In all three groups the total body weight did not change, whereas lean body mass significantly increased and adipose tissue mass decreased in rhGH treatment groups. The plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were not increased during rhGH treatment. The bone mineral densities of spines and femurs were not changed. According to computed tomography on two levels (umbilicus and mid-thigh), the mean mid-thigh muscle mass was significantly increased in group 1, while visceral fat mass significantly decreased in group 2. In groups 1 and 2, rhGH slightly increased exercise maximum oxygen uptake, significantly increased exercise rate-pressure product, hand grip strength and back lift strength after rhGH treatment, but the placebo group had not any change. Conclusion: These results suggest that rhGH has various potentially beneficial effects in GH-deficient adults, especially in changing body composition and increasing exercise capacity.

삼투질농도가 Ethanol 흡수(吸收)에 미치는 효과

김신윤(Kim, Shin-Yoon),김병국(Kim, Byoung-Guk),유경무(Yoo, Kyoung-Mu),김형진(Kim, Hyeong-Jin),박재식(Park, Jae-Sik),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan) 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In the present study, an effort was directed to elucidate the effect of osmolality on the absorption of ethanol in rabbits. A single dose of 13.67 ml(2. 16 gm ethanol/kg BW) of hypo-, iso-hyphen and hypertonic ethanol per kg BW was administered into the stomach to albino rabbits and the experiment was performed at 30 th, 60 th and 120 th minute. The blood ethanol level was determined by the method of Williams et al, and hematocrit(Hct) was determined by the conventional Hct centrifuge and reader. The results are summarized as follow. The blood ethanol level showed the highest value at 60 min after the ethanol ingestion in the hypo- and isotonic groups, 171.3±13.3 mg% and 204.5±23.0 mg% , respectively, but in the hypertonic group, the highest value was observed at 120min after the ingestion. The absorption rate of ethanol between 0 to 30 min after the ingestion of hypo- and isotonic ethanol was 88.54±12.04 and 94.73±8.33 mg/min , respectively, but a decreased value of 44.72±6.69 mg/min was noted after hypertonic ethanol ingestion comparing with hypo- and isotonic groups, The Hct value after hypo- and isotonic ethanol ingestion was decreased at 30 min but returned to the control level at 120 min. In contrast with hypo- and isotonic ethanol ingestion, hypertonic ethanol ingestion produced an increase of the Hct value at 30 min and returned to the control level at 120 min. The heart rate was increased but the respiratory rate was decreased after ethanol ingestion regardless of the osmolality.

視力回復을 爲한 眼球運動에 關한 硏究

조한무,박기호,신성철,김영진,황수관 仁川敎育大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

1) 실험집단의 시력은 안구운동을 통해 좌안이 평균 0.1 우안이 0.12 향상되었으며 의의도는 좌안이 p<0.01수준에서, 우안은 p<0.05수준에서 의의있게 나타났다. 비교집단의 경우에는 좌, 우 모두 약간씩 감소 되었으며, 그 변화의 차 역시 유의한 차를 나타내지 않았다. 2) 10주간 두 집단의 변화의 차는 좌, 우 모두 p<0.05수준에서, 유의한 차를 나타내어 안구운동의 효과가 있음을 보여 주고 있으며 Kepler, Bates, Curtin, 윤, 등의 이론과 일치하고 있다. 3) 굴절각은 안구운동을 통해 좌안의 수직각과 수평각에서 약간 향상되고 우안은 오히려 약간 나빠졌으며, 의의도 수준은 좌, 우 모두 유의한 차를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 10주 동안 두 집단의 굴절각 변화의 차에 대한 비교분석에서도 유의한 차를 나타내지 않아 Crawford, Hirsch, 정, 양고 구, 등이 주장하는 근시성 굴절이상고 시력과 밀접한 관계가 있다는 이론과는 상당한 차이를 나타내고 있다. The purpose of this study was analyse the change of visual acuity and refractive angle(RA) through eye movement. Subjects were foury two childs of elementary shool, from 3rd to 4th grade, whose visual acuity was myopia of below 0.7. They were divided to experimental group(17) and control group(25) at random. The experimental gorup was trained to the eye movement for 10 weeks, but the control group was not. The VA & RA were analysed by pre-test of two gorups. Eye movement were utilized by the methods of sccadic smooth pursuit, vestibular & assitant movement, turn table system, flicker light system & eye movement board were used to eye movement. RA were measured by opthalmologist(Doctor Mr. Park), the method was skiascopy. The results of study were as follows…. A) The change of visual acuity 1) Left eye of experimental group was increased from 0.23±0.25 to 0.33±0.41 (p<0.01), right was from 0.29±0.36 to 0.41±0.52(p<0.05). Left of control group were decreased from 0.36±0.16 to 0.35±0.16, right was from 0.45±0.19 to 0.43±0.21. The results of control group didn`t have any significance. 2) The differences of two group in left and right were all singificanced (p<0.05) B) The change of refractive angle 1) The vertical andk horizontal of left eye of two groups didn,t have any significance. Right eye were, too. 2) The differences of change in two group did not have any sighificance. By these results, the change of VA through eye movement were agreed with the theories of Bates, kepler & Curtin, but RA were not. According to these results, the eye movement is efficent to reconvering VA, But it will require futher study to as the relation between RA and eye movement. The results of study was first experiment, the second is now under way(90. 4-90.5). The peroid of third experiment will be from sep, to oct, 1990.