현대 한국 해녀에서 수중운동시 열전도도의 변화

연동수,최장규,박양생 고신대학교 의학부 1985 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

Steady-state body insulation was measured in 4 women divers during rest and exercise for 3 hrs in water of critical temperature. The average critical water temperature of the subjects was 16.5±1.2(SE)℃ with suits and 28.8±0.4℃ with swim suits. At rest, the total peripheral insulation of the subjects was higher with wet suits(0.499±0.039(SE)℃/(kcal/hr m^(2))) than with swim(0.156±0.015) by about 0.343℃/(kcal/hr m^(2)), a value significantly greater than the physical insulation of the wet suit (0.12℃/(kcal/hr m^(2))). With exercise, the total insulation declined as an exponential function of the exercise intensity in both wet suited and swim suited subjects, the effect being more pronounced in the later. In wet suited subjects, the extra-insulation due to wet suit decreased from about 0.28℃/(kcal/hr m^(2)) at rest to 0.12℃/(kcal/hr m^(2)) at exercise levels above 200% of the resting metabolism. These results suggest that in resting subjects immersed in cold water the overall thermal Insulation is dramatically increased by wearing wet suits not only due to more effective physiological regulation of peripheral circulation. The later effect of the wet suit is lost during exercise. There practical significance of the finding is discussed.

$PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$가 삼투성 용혈 및 적혈구막 $Ca^{++}$결합에 미치는 영향

연동수,강두희,Yeoun, Dong-Soo,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1983 대한생리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

$PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$가 용혈 및 적혈구막 절편에서 $Ca^{++}$ 결합에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$는 $PGE_2$와 같이 적혈구막 삼투성 취약성을 증가시키는데 대조군에서는 NaCl농도 1/18 M 용액에서 완전히 용혈되었으나 $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 가 $10^{11}M$ 이상 포함될 경우 NaCl농도 $1/16{\sim}1/17\;M$ 에서 100 % 용혈이 일어났다. 2) 동일한 적혈구 부유액을 사용할 때 NaCl농도 1/15 M 용액에서 대조군은 $44.2{\pm}4.3%$가 용혈되나 $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$가 $10^{11}M$농도로 포함되었을 때 용혈은 각기 $73.6{\pm}8.4%$ 및 $68.7{\pm}6.4%$로 대조군에 비하여 의의있게 증가하였으며 그 이상의 농도에서는 더 이상 증가를 보이지 않았다. 3) $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$에 의해 증가된 용혈은 어느 $Ca^{++}$농도에서도 대조군보다 항상 일정한 정도로 증가되어 있다. 4) 적혈구막 절편에서의 $Ca^{++}$결합은 대조군이나 $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$처치군 모두 incubation용액내 $Ca^{++}$농도가 증가함에 따라 곡선적으로 증가하여 $Ca^{++}$농도 5 mM에서 포화된다. 그러나 같은 농도의 $Ca^{++}$에서 비교할 때 적혈구막의 $Ca^{++}$결합은 $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 존재시 대조군에 비하여 의의있게 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 $PGE_2$ 및 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$가 적혈구막의 삼투성 취약성을 증가시키는 기전은 $Ca^{++}$과는 독립적으로 작용함을 알 수 있다. $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ are known to act similarly in a number of animal tissues. They both facilitate regression of corpus luteum(Poyser, 1972; Fuch et al, 1974; Coudert et at, 1974) and stimulate contraction of uterine muscle (Laudanski et al, 1977; Porter et al, 1979; Hollingsworth et al, 1980). It is, however, not known whether these two prostaglandins exert similar actions in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes (Rasmussen et al, 1975) and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ alters conformation of membrane proteins (Meyers aud Swislocki, 1974). The former effect may not be mediated through changes in c- AMP concentration in the cell, since the adenylate cyclase activity in human erythrocyte is extremely low (Rodan et al, 1976; Sutherland et al, 1962) and the latter effect implies that physical state (or fluidity) of the membrane is altered by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. The present study was undertaken to elucidate mechanisms of action of $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ on the human erythocyte membrane by examining their effects on osmotic fragility and $Ca^{++}$ binding to the membrane fragments. The results are summarized as follows: 1) $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased osmotic fragility at concentrations above $10^{11}\;M$, the effect being similar for both hormones. The concentration of NaCl for 100% hemolysis was $1/16{\sim}1/17\;M$ in the presence of $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and 1/18 M in the absence of the hormone (control). 2) When erythrocytes were suspended in 1/15 M NaCl solution, $44.2{\pm}4.3%$ of cells were hemolyzed. Addition of $10^{12}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ did not increase hemolysis. When the concentration of the hormones was increased to $10^{11}\;M$, however the degree of hemolysis increased markealy to about 80%. No further increase in hemolysis was observed at concentration of the hormones above $10^{11}\;M$. 3) The additional hemolysis due to $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ appeared to he identical regardless of absence or presence of $Ca^{++}\;(0.5{\sim}10\;mM)$ in the suspending medium. 4) In the absence of prostaglandin, the binding of $Ca^{++}$ to the erythrocyte membrane increased curvilinearly as the $Ca^{++}$ concentration increased up to 5 mM above which it leveled off. A similar dependence of $Ca^{++}$ binding on the $Ca^{++}$ concentration was observed in the presence of $10^{11}\;M\;PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, however, the amount of $Ca^{++}$ bound at a given $Ca^{++}$ concentration was significantly higher than in the absence of the hormones. 5) As in the hemolysis, $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ did not affect the $Ca^{++}$ binding at a concentration of $10^{12}\;M$, but increased it by about 100% at concentration above $10^{11}\;M$. These result indicate that both tile osmotic fragility of erythrocyte and the $Ca^{++}$ binding to the erythrocyte membrane are similarly enhanced by $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, but these two effects are not causally related. It is, therefore, concluded that the prostaglandin-induced hemolysis is not directly associated with alterations of the $Ca^{++}$ content in the membrane.

현대 한국 해녀에서 수중운동시 열전도도의 변화

연동수,최장규,박양생 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 1985 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.1 No.1

Steady-state body insulation was measured in 4 women divers during rest and exercise for 3 hrs in water of critical temperature. The average critical water temperature of the subjects was 16.5±1.2(SE)℃ with suits and 28.8±0.4℃ with swim suits. At rest, the total peripheral insulation of the subjects was higher with wet suits(0.499±0.039(SE)℃/(kcal/hr·m²)) than with swim(0.156±0.015) by about 0.343℃/(kcal/hr·m²), a value significantly greater than the physical insulation of the wet suit(0.12℃/(kcal/hr·m²)). With exercise, the total insulation declined as an exponential function of the exercise intensity in both wet suited and swim suited subjects, the effect being more pronounced in the later. In wet suited subjects, the extra-insulation due to wet suit decreased from about 0.28℃/(kcal/hr·m²) at rest to 0.12℃/(kcal/hr·m²) at exercise levels above 200% of the resting metabolism. These results suggest that in resting subjects immersed in cold water the overall thermal Insulation is dramatically increased by wearing wet suits not only due to the physical insulation provieded by the suit itself, but also due to more effective physiological regulation of peripheral circulation. The later effect of the wet suit is lost during exercise. There practical significance of the finding is dicussed.

신경 교차 문합이 지근 및 속근이 미토콘드리아 함량과 산소 소모량에 미치는 영향

연동수,이정희,강두희 대한스포츠의학회 1991 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

근육 생리

연동수,강두희 대한스포츠의학회 1989 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

단련한 흰쥐의 속근 및 지근에 Glycogen 과저장이 운동 지구력에 미치는 영향

연동수(Yeoun, Dong-Soo),황수관(Hwang, Soo-Kwan),김인숙(Kim, In-Sook),고성경(Ko, Seong-Kyeong),남택상(Nam, Taick-Sang),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate relationships between maximal running time (MRT) and glycogen supercompensation in fast twitch white fibers (white vastus, WV), fast twitch red fibers (red vastus, RV) and slow twitch red fibers (soleus muscle, SM) of endurance-trained rats. Male rats of a Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into the trained groups and untrained groups. Untrained groups were acquired to run on the treadmill 10 minutes for 3 days and remained rest and maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. For last 10 days of resting period, the untrained rats were divided into 3 groups i.e. mixed diet (untrained control), high and low carbohydrate (CHO) diet groups. And each group was subdivided into 2 groups, one group was tested for the MRT and the other was sacrificed to measure the blood glucose, blood lactate, glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The experimental groups were trained on treadmill by a modified method of Constable et al. (1984) maintained with mixed diet for 4 weeks. After measurement of MRT of this group, they were also divided into high and low CHO groups and fed with these diet for 2 days and MRT of each group was measured again to see the effect of high or low CHO feeding on the MRT. Each group was maintained with the same diet for next 2 days during which some of the rats were sacrificed at given time intervals for the measurements of blood glucose and lactate, liver and the muscles glycogen. The results were summarized as follows; 1) In the untrained group, there were no significant differences between subgroups in MRT, glycogen conent of SM, RV and WV. But blood glucose concentration and glycogen content of liver of low CHO group were significantly lower than those of mixed diet group. 2) The MRT and glycogen content of SM, RV and WV of trained mixed diet group were significantly increased compared to those of untrained mixed diet group, but there was no significant difference in glycogen content of liver. 3) MRT of trained mixed, high CHO and low CHO groups were 137±9.8, 176±9.8 and 129±7.3 min respectively with the significant difference between them. 4) There were no differences in blood lactate concentrations between the trained high and low CHO groups immediately after maximal running and during recovery period. 5) Glycogen contents in RV and SM of trained high CHO group were significantly increased, and glycogen contents in RV, WV and liver of trained low CHO group were significantly decreased compared to those of trained mixed diet group. 6) Immediately after maximal running, the blood glucose concentrations of trained high CHO and low CHO groups were 73±4.0 and 67±6.9mg% respecitively. The blood glucose of the trained high CHO group was fully recovered within one hour by feeding. But blood glucose concentration of low CHO group was slowly recovered up to 114±4.1mg% after two hours of feeding and maintained. Those values were still significantly lower than that of trained mixed diet group. The synthetic rates of glycogen in liver and muscles during the recovery period followed the similar time course of the blood glucose recoveries in each group. These results suggest that an increase in MRT of trained high CHO group was attributed to the glycogen supercompensation in slow twitch muscle fibers. And a decrease in MRT of trained low CHO may be due to decreased glycogen contents of liver and muscles. The results also suggest that glycogen supercompensation was more evident in slow twitch red fibers of endurance-trained rats and blood glucose is one of the limiting factors of glycogen synthesis.

PGE₂ 및 PGE_2α가 삼투성 용혈 및 적혈구막 Ca⁺⁺결합에 미치는 영향

연동수(Yeoun, Dong-Soo),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1983 대한생리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α가 용혈 및 적혈구막 절편에서 Ca⁺⁺ 결합에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1)PGF_2α는 PGE₂와 같이 적혈구막 삼투성 취약성을 증가시키는데 대조군에서는 NaCl농도 1/18 M 용액에서 완전히 용혈되었으나 PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α 가10^-11 이상 포함될 경우 NaCl농도 1/16 ~ 1/17 M 에서 100 % 용혈이 일어났다. 2) 동일한 적혈구 부유액을 사용할 때 NaCl농도 1/15 M 용액에서 대조군은 44.2±4.3%가 용혈되나 PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α가 10^-11M농도로 포함되었을 때 용혈은 각기 73.6±8.4% 및 68.7±6.4%로 대조군에 비하여 의의있게 증가하였으며 그 이상의 농도에서는 더 이상 증가를 보이지 않았다. 3) PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α에 의해 증가된 용혈은 어느 Ca⁺⁺농도에서도 대조군보다 항상 일정한 정도로 증가되어 있다. 4) 적혈구막 절편에서의 Ca⁺⁺결합은 대조군이나 PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α처치군 모두 incubation용액내 Ca⁺⁺농도가 증가함에 따라 곡선적으로 증가하여 Ca⁺⁺농도 5 mM에서 포화된다. 그러나 같은 농도의 Ca⁺⁺에서 비교할 때 적혈구막의 Ca⁺⁺결합은 PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α 존재시 대조군에 비하여 의의있게 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 PGE₂ 및 PGF_2α가 적혈구막의 삼투성 취약성을 증가시키는 기전은 Ca⁺⁺과는 독립적으로 작용함을 알 수 있다. PGE₂ and PGF_2α are known to act similarly in a number of animal tissues. They both facilitate regression of corpus luteum(Poyser, 1972; Fuch et al, 1974; Coudert et at, 1974) and stimulate contraction of uterine muscle (Laudanski et al, 1977; Porter et al, 1979; Hollingsworth et al, 1980). It is, however, not known whether these two prostaglandins exert similar actions in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes (Rasmussen et al, 1975) and PGF_2α alters conformation of membrane proteins (Meyers aud Swislocki, 1974). The former effect may not be mediated through changes in c- AMP concentration in the cell, since the adenylate cyclase activity in human erythrocyte is extremely low (Rodan et al, 1976; Sutherland et al, 1962) and the latter effect implies that physical state (or fluidity) of the membrane is altered by PGF_2α. The present study was undertaken to elucidate mechanisms of action of PGE² and PGF_2α on the human erythocyte membrane by examining their effects on osmotic fragility and Ca⁺⁺ binding to the membrane fragments. The results are summarized as follows: 1) PGE₂ and PGF_2α increased osmotic fragility at concentrations above 10^-11 M , the effect being similar for both hormones. The concentration of NaCl for 100% hemolysis was 1/16 ~ 1/17 M in the presence of 10^-11 M PGE₂ or PGF_2α and 1/18 M in the absence of the hormone (control). 2) When erythrocytes were suspended in 1/15 M NaCl solution, 44.2±4.3% of cells were hemolyzed. Addition of 10^-12 M PGE₂ or PGF_2α did not increase hemolysis. When the concentration of the hormones was increased to 10^-11 M , however the degree of hemolysis increased markealy to about 80%. No further increase in hemolysis was observed at concentration of the hormones above 10^-11 M . 3) The additional hemolysis due to 10^-11 M PGE₂ and PGF_2α appeared to he identical regardless of absence or presence of Ca⁺⁺ (0.5 ~ 10 mM) in the suspending medium. 4) In the absence of prostaglandin, the binding of Ca⁺⁺ to the erythrocyte membrane increased curvilinearly as the Ca⁺⁺ concentration increased up to 5 mM above which it leveled off. A similar dependence of Ca⁺⁺ binding on the Ca⁺⁺ concentration was observed in the presence of 10^-11 M PGE₂ or PGF_2α, however, the amount of Ca⁺⁺ bound at a given Ca⁺⁺ concentration was significantly higher than in the absence of the hormones. 5) As in the hemolysis, PGE₂ and PGF_2α did not affect the Ca⁺⁺ binding at a concentration of 10^-12 M , but increased it by about 100% at concentration above 10^-11 M . These result indicate that both tile osmotic fragility of erythrocyte and the Ca⁺⁺ binding to the erythrocyte membrane are similarly enhanced by PGE₂ and PGF_2α, but these two effects are not causally related. It is, therefore, concluded that the prostaglandin-induced hemolysis is not directly associated with alterations of the Ca⁺⁺ content in the membrane.

보온장갑 착용이 잠수복 착용 잠수사의 열 평형에 미치는 영향

최장규,연동수,박양생 고신대학교 의학부 1985 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

The effect of wearing protective gloves on the thermal exchanges in cold water was studied in 4 Korean women wet suit divers. The subject was immersed in the water of critical temperature (average temperature was 16.5℃) and rested for 3 hours. The steady-state rectal temperature was lower with gloves(37.01±0.10(SE)℃) than without gloves (37.31±0.1℃), the different being statistically significant (P<0.05). On the other hand, the metabolic heat production was 17% higher with gloves (52.63±4.90(SE)kcal/hr ㎡) than without gloves(44.93±2.49). Consequently, the total peripheral insulation was reduced (19%) by wearing gloves. At a given average skin temperature the threshold rectal temperature for shivering was approximately 0.5℃ higher without gloves than with gloves. These results suggest that 1)the total insulation of the wet suited subject is effectively increased by selective cooling of the hand, and 2)the metabolic response to body cooling is sensitively affected by the skin temperature of the distal extremities. The practical implications of these finding are discussed.

인덕턴스 호흡감시 시스템의 개발

김덕원,연동수,김수찬,Kim, Deok-Won,Yeon, Dong-Su,Kim, Su-Chan 대한의용생체공학회 1995 의공학회지 Vol.16 No.3

현재 환자의 호흡 감시를 위해 사용되고 있는 임피던스 호흡측정법(impedance pneumography)은 측정법이 간편하며 비관혈적이라는 장점등이 있으나, motion artifact에 민감하고 장애 무호흡(obstructive apnea)을 감지하는데 둔감하다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 3채널 RIP(respiratory inductive plethysmograghy)는 흉부나 복주에 인덕턴스 밴드를 부착하여 호흡에 의한 단면적의 변화를 인덕턴스의 변화로 호흡을 감지하는 방법으로서 임피던스 호흡측정법에 비해 각종 motion artifact에 덜 민감하며 장애 무호흡 감자에는 민감함을 확인하였다. The impedance pneumography which is widely used in monitoring respiration is simple to use and noninvasive, but it is sensitive to motion artifacts and insensitive to detect obstructive apnea. A 3-channel respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) developed in this study detects inductance change of the inductance band induced by cross-sectional area change of thorax or abdomen as one breathes. It was confirmed that RIP was less sensitive to various motion artifacts but more sensitive to detection of obstructive apnea than impedance pneumography.

운동처방 프로그램 개발을 위한 국민건강 증진방안

황수관,연동수,고성경,유선희,남택상,백광세,강복순 대한스포츠의학회 1991 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.9 No.1