Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extract Containing Anthocyanins Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db Mice

최경하,이현아,박미화,한지숙 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.8

The effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit extract (MFE) on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in an animal model of type 2 diabetes was evaluated. C57BL/Ksj-diabetic db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control, rosiglitazone, and MFE groups. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and intraperitoneal glucose were measured, and an insulin tolerance test was performed after MFE supplementation in db/db mice. In addition, the protein levels of various targets of insulin signaling were measured by western blotting. The blood levels of glucose and HbA1c were significantly lower in the MFE-supplemented group than in the diabetic control group. Moreover, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that MFE treatment increased insulin sensitivity. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance significantly decreased in the MFE-supplemented group relative to the diabetic control group. MFE supplementation significantly stimulated the levels of phosphorylated (p)-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and p-Akt substrate of 160 kDa (pAS160) and enhanced the level of plasma membrane-glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscles. Further, dietary MFE significantly increased pAMPK and decreased the levels of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. MFE may improve hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMPK and AS160 in skeletal muscles and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver.

오디 추출물이 갱년기 유도 흰쥐의 혈행 개선에 미치는 영향

최경하,손재학,최인순,최영주,배송자,김미향,Choi, Kyung-Ha,Shon, Jae-Hak,Choi, In-Soon,Choi, Young-Ju,Bae, Song-Ja,Kim, Mi-Hyang 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three different mulberry cultivars extracts on inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood flow improvement. Four groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fifth group was sham operated. Sprague-Dawley strain female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups. sham-operated rats(Sham), ovariectomized control rats(OVX-Control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with 80% ethanol extracts from fruits of Tajikistan mulberry (OVX-TM), Korea mulberry (OVX-KM) and China mulbery (OVX-CM) at 200 mg/kg bw/d. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1 ml per day. The body weights of OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all values (p<0.05). The serum triglyceride level was significantly decreased after supplemented with the CM and KM extracts. The serum HDL-cholesterol level in the OVX-KM group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-control group. The passage time of whole blood showed significant correlation with triglyceride but reverse correlation with HDL cholesterol. The ability of platelet aggregation of groups treated with mulberry extracts was less than OVX-control group. Taken these together, mulberry extracts may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women. 여성의 폐경에 의한 estrogen의 감소는 심혈관계질환을 빠르게 진행시킨다고 알려져 있다. 최근 새로운 estrogen 대체 식물로 주목받고 있는 오디 추출물을 갱년기장애를 일으킨 흰쥐에 투여하여 혈액 유동성, 항 혈소판 응집능 및 혈 중 지질 수준 개선에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 오디 추출물 투여군의 경우 Ovx-control군보다 혈액 유동성이 빠르게 나타났고, 한국산 오디의 경우 sham군 정도의 혈액 유동성을 보였으며, 중국산의 경우는 sham군 보다 빠른 유동성을 나타내었다. 각 산지별 오디 추출물 투여군이 OVX-control군 보다 빠른 시간에 통과한 것으로 미루어 보아 오디가 혈액의 유동성에 좋은 영향을 줄 것으로 사료되어진다. 오디 추출물을 갱년기를 유도한 흰쥐에 투여하여 혈소판 응집 능에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 난소절제에 의하여 혈소판응집이 활성화 되었는데, 오디 추출물을 투여한 군에서 혈소판응집이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 난소 절제하여 갱년기 장애를 유도한 흰쥐에 각각의 오디 추출물을 투여하였을 때, total-cholesterol 및 혈 중 중성 지방이 낮아지고, HDL-cholesterol 함량이 높아지는 결과로 보아 국산 오디 추출물 뿐 아니라 타지키스탄, 중국산 오디 추출물 투여가 난소 절제에 의해 소실된 estrogen의 지질대사 불균형에 유익한 영향을 주어 관상동맥 질환 개선에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

오디가 난소를 절제한 흰쥐 결함조직 중의 collagen 함량 변화에 미치는 영향

최경하,박미화,김미향,Choi Kyung-Ha,Park Mi-Hwa,Kim Mihyang 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.6

폐경을 앞둔 여성에게는 폐경을 전후하여 지속되는 골 손실 가속화 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 인위적 폐경을 유발시킬 수 있는 난소 절제 쥐에서의 골 손실의 유무를 결합조직 중의 collagen함량 변화를 통하여 그 효과를 검토하였다. 그 결과 생화학적 골 대사 지표인 혈 중 ALP활성은 난소 절제로(OVX-control)로 인하여 증가하는 반면, 난소 절제 후 오디 추출물 투여(OVX-EE, OVX-EA)로 혈 중 ALP활성은 감소하는 경향을 보여 골 흡수를 저하시킬 수 있는 가능성을 나타내었다. 한편 난소 절제 후 오디 추출물 투여에 의해 폐 조직과 골 $\cdot$ 연골 조직에서 collagen 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 그 중 연골 조직에서는 collagen 함량의 저하가 정상적으로 회복되었다. 한편 피부 조직에서도 난소 절제 후 오디 추출물 투여군 모두에서 collagen 합성량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 오디 추출물이 estrogen감소로 인한 collagen 합성저하를 회복시킨 본 실험 결과로 미루어 보아 오디 중의 phytoestrogen이 estrogen유사효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었고, 국내산 오디뿐만 아니라 중국산 오디에서도 갱년기 유도에 의한 collagen 함량 저하를 회복하는 결과가 나타났으므로 외인성 estrogen 투여로 인한 부작용을 줄여 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이상과 같이 폐경기 여성에게 오디의 섭취는 폐경으로 인한 장애를 감소시키기 위하여 estrogen의 장기간 복용에 의한 부작용을 오디중의 phytoestrogen이 estrogen대체 작용을 함으로써 그 부작용을 감소시켜 줄 것으로 사료되며, 이들의 구조 및 기전에 대해서는 앞으로 연구가 더 필요한 것으로 생각된다. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of mulberry cultivars extracts on the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with $80\%$ ethyl alcohol extracts from various kinds of Tajikistan mulberry, Korea mulberry and China mulberry at 200 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats were at all time points, but supplementation with the mulberry extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control did. The ovariectomy caused a decreasing in the levels of collagen content in bone and cartilage tissues. However, supplementation with mulberry extracts prevented the decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

Analgesic Effects on the Oral Cavity by Electroacupuncture in Dogs

최경하,이재연,박창식,정성목,김덕환,김명철 한국임상수의학회 2009 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.26 No.6

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effects on the oral cavity in dogs which are treated with xylazine and electroacupuncture (EA). Furthermore, this study aims to find out its effects on glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) variation values, vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and pain responses to the noxious stimuli. Eight healthy dogs were randomly assigned to receive either xylazine or EA. Xylazine group dogs with weight of 3.6 ± 1.0 kg received 1.5 mg/kg of xylazine intramuscularly. EA group dogs with weight of 3.9 ± 1.0 kg received 1 volt (10-15 hz) for 5 minutes, and then 1-9 Volts (25-30 hz) for 60 minutes totally. The acupoints used were LI-3 (San Jian), LI-4 (He Gu) and ST-7 (Xia Guan). All dogs were examined before and 10, 25, 40, 55 and 120 minutes after administration of xylazine or EA. The mean rectal temperatures of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean heart rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean respiratory rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean GLU concentration of the EA group were significantly lower than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The sum of mean pain scores (SMPS) of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). In this study, the pain control of the EA group was shown to be better than that of the xylazine group. Also, there do not appear to be any negative physiologic effects associated with acupuncture-induced surgical analgesia. So, it was considered that these acupoints of EA analgesia might be useful for minor oral surgery in weak patients.

Effects of Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress Due to Anesthesia and Surgical Trauma in Dogs

최경하,이재연,정성목,Gregory K Joo,김명철 한국임상수의학회 2011 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The study evaluated the antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid (AA) against oxidative stress during laparotomy in dogs under general anesthesia using isoflurane. Twelve dogs were randomly assigned to either the ascorbic acid group (AAG) or the sham group (SG). AAG received intravenous dosage of 100 mg/animal of standard AA 10 minutes before anesthesia. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Cortisol level increased significantly with time in both groups (p < 0.05). The change of glucose levels was not significantly different between both groups. TOS and OSI increased significantly with time in the SG (p < 0.05), whereas it did not significantly change with time in the AAG. The TOS and OSI of the AAG were significantly lower than in the SG (p < 0.05). However, TAS did not significantly change between both groups. The results suggest that the decrease of TOS in the AAG might be related to the conversion of antioxidants to oxidants. The decrease of OSI indicates that the decrease of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidative stress) produced at the site of injury is able to decrease surgical side effects of abnormal blood circulation, organ failure, and inflammation. Therefore, AA can be used to protect a surgical patient from oxidative stress in canine laparotomy.

Oxidative Effects of Isoflurane and Medetomidine - Tiletamine / Zolazepam Combination in Beagle Dogs

최경하,이재연,정성목,김명철 한국임상수의학회 2012 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The present study evaluated the effects of different anesthesia techniques on oxidative stress in beagle dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to either total intramuscular anesthesia with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam (MTZ) combination (group T, 40 μg/kg medetomidine and 2 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam) or volatile anesthesia with isoflurane (group I, 2% isoflurane and 100% oxygen). Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature for vital signs and the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for oxidative stress were measured. SOD activity decreased significantly from baseline anesthesia in both groups (p < 0.05). CAT and GPx activities were also decreased significantly after anesthesia between both groups (p < 0.05). CAT activity decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia in both groups, but activities of group I were significantly higher compared with group T after anesthesia (p < 0.05). GPx activity in group T decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia, but activities of group I were significantly higher compare with that of group T 1 hour after the conclusion of anesthesia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, general anesthesia seems to induce oxidative stress, and volatile anesthesia with isoflurane attenuates oxidative injuries in beagle dogs.

난소를 절제한 흰쥐에서 오디가 혈 중 지질 함량 변화에 미치는 영향

최경하,박미화,김미향,Choi Kyung-Ha,Park Mi-Hwa,Kim Mihyang 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

여성은 폐경 시 음식물 섭취가 증가하여 체중이 증가되고, 정상 여성보다 혈류관련질환 발병이 높아진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 갱년기 장애시 유발되는 체내 지질 함량 증가에 있어 오디 추출물이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 인위적 폐경을 유발시킨 난소절제 횐쥐에 오디추출물을 투여하여 그에 따른 혈 중 효소 활성 및 지질 함량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 난소 절제 후 오디추출물 투여는 난소절제로 인해 야기되는 혈 중 total- cholesterol 함량 및 혈청 지질농도의 증가를 감소하였다. 하지만 HDL-cholesterol은 난소절제 군에 비해 난소절제 후 오디추출물을 투여할 경우 그 수치가 증가하였으며, LDL-cholesterol은 반대로 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있어 오디추출물이 갱년기 장애 시 발생할 수 있는 혈 중 지질함량 변화에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 혈류관련질환에 대한 개선 식품으로의 활용이 기대된다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different mulberry cultivars extracts on serum lipid contents in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with $ 80\% $ ethyl alcohol extracts from various kinds of Tajikistan mulberry (OVX-TM), Korea mulberry (OVX-KM) and China mulberry (OVX-CM) at 200mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1mL per day. The body weights of OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all values (p <0.05). The ovariectomy caused an expected increasing in the levels of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. The serum HDL-cholesterol level on the OVX-TM, OVX-KM and OVX-CM groups were higher than in the OVX-control group.

보호대상자의 심리건강척도 개발

최경하(Choi Kyung ha),김석웅(Kim Seok woong),임형문(Lim Hyung moon),김세영(Kim Seo young),전기숙(Jeon Ki suk),오수성(Oh Su sung) 한국교정복지학회 2017 교정복지연구 Vol.- No.49

본 연구는 보호대상자의 심리사회적인 특성이 반영되어 있고 현장에서 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 심리건강척도를 개발하여 그 타당도를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 선행연구를 고찰한 뒤 보호대상자 12명에게 반구조화된 심층면접을 실시하고 질적분석하여 10개의 하위요인을 도출하였으며, 기존의 임상심리 척도를 참고하여 문항을 선정하였다. 1차 예비문항으로는 89개를 선정하여 167명의 일반인 및 정신건강의학과 입원 환자를 대상으로 1차 예비조사를 실시한 뒤 확인적 요인분석을 하고 내적일치도를 확인하였다. 2차 예비문항 선정 시 1차 조사의 결과를 반영하여 9요인 81문항으로 구성하였으며, 78명의 시설 입소 청소년을 대상으로 2차 예비조사를 실시하여 내적일치도를 분석하였다. 그 결과를 반영하여 9요인, 75문항으로 구성된 예비척도를 완성하였고, 9개 소척도는 각각 ‘우울(DEP)’, ‘불안(ANX)’, ‘대인예민성(IS)’, ‘신체화(SOM)’, ‘정신증(PSY)’, ‘반사회성(AS)’, ‘음주문제(AP)’, ‘사회적지지(SS)’, ‘자존감(SE)’으로 명명하였다. 이를 335명의 보호대상자를 대상으로 실시한 뒤 자료를 확인적 요인분석 한 결과, 소 척도의 신뢰도는 .82-.92 사이에 분포하여 양호하였고, 적합도지수 TLI, CFI, RMSEA도 양호하였다. 준거타당도 검증 후 4개의 문항을 삭제하였고, 피검자의 반응 타당성을 측정하기 위한 타당도 척도 4문항을 추가하여 최종 척도를 구성하였다(기본척도 7개 61문항, 보충척도 2개 10문항, 타당도척도 4문항). 구성된 최종척도를 일반인에게 실시한 뒤, 보호대상자를 대상으로 실시한 자료와 차이검증을 하였다. 끝으로 보호대상자 심리건강척도 개발의 의의와 연구의 제한점을 바탕으로 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop a convenient tool for practicians and researchers in correction system and to verify its validity that can measure released-convicts’ psychological health state. Firstly, we analysed preceding researches of released prisoner and secondly did semi-structured interview over 12 released-convicts. After quality data analysis was done with the interview transcript, 10 psychological health factors of released-convicts were established. We referred to scales of mental health state and drafted items that fit in the concept of 10 factors. The first preliminary scale consists of 89 items and applied to 167 subjects. Confirmatory analysis was done with the data and inter-item consistency was also checked. Adjusted scale consisted of 9 factors and 81 items were applied to 78 imprisoned juveniles and inter-item consistency was again examined. Improved scale consists of 9 factors and 75 items and subscales were named as ‘Depression(DEP)’, ‘Anxiety(ANX)’, ‘Interpersonal Sensitivity(IS)’, ‘Somatization (SOM)’, ‘Psychosis(PSY)’, ‘Antisocial Personality(AS)’, ‘Alcohol Problems(AP)’, ‘Social Support(SS)’, ‘Self-esteem(SE)’. Confirmatory analysis was done and criterion validity was checked with 335 released convicts’s data. 9 factors’ Cronbach’ 􀈻􀁇 was in adequate range of .82-.92 and fitness rate of TLI, CFI, RMSEA also showed favorable result. Items showing low criterion validity were deleted and new items checking examinee’s response validity were inserted. Finally, Psychological Health Scale for Released Convicts were developed and consists of 7 basic scales with 61 items in, 2 supplementary scales with 10 items in and a validity scale with 4 items in. The KPHI-RC was applied to normal subjects and t-test was done with the data comparing to released convicts’ data. We discussed significance, limitations of this study and suggestion for further study.

그린소비자의 특성에 관한 질적 연구

최경하(Choi Kyoung-ha),고화정(Kho Hwa-jung),정순희(Joung Soon-hee) 가정과삶의질학회 2010 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.28 No.5

그린소비자의 라이프스타일 특성에 관한 연구

최경하 ( Kyung Ha Choi ),저순희 ( Soon Hee Jung ),신민경 ( Min Kyung Shin ) 한국전과정평가학회 2010 한국전과정평가학회지 Vol.11 No.1