유통 건고추 및 고춧가루의 아플라톡신 B1과 오크라톡신 A 오염도 조사

제갈승,김지형,주광식,정세진,나현주,조남규,이제만,김용희 한국식품위생안전성학회 2013 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.28 No.3

2012년 2월부터 11월까지 인천 지역에서 유통된 건고추및 고춧가루 193건을 대상으로 아플라톡신 B1과 오크라톡신 A의 오염도를 조사하였다. Immunoaffinity column 및HPLC를 이용한 시험법은 모두 80% 이상의 회수율을 보였고, 아플라톡신 B1 및 오크라톡신 A의 검출한계는 각각0.13 μg/kg, 0.30 μg/kg였다. 오염도 조사를 한 결과 아플라톡신 B1은 17.1%의 검출율을 보였고 오크라톡신 A는 20.7%의 검출율을 보였으며, 아플라톡신 B1의 검출농도는 0.14~9.67 μg/kg였고, 오크라톡신 A의 검출 농도는 0.31~3.31 μg/kg였다. 이는 우리나라 식품공전 상의 기준인 10 μg/kg(아플라톡신 B1), 7 μg/kg(오크라톡신 A)보다는 낮은 수치로비교적 안전한 수준이었다. A survey of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A was conducted on dried red pepper and red pepper powder. Total number of 193 samples were collected from local markets in Incheon. The presence of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using immunoaffinity column clean-up. The recovery rate of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were more than 80% and the limits of quantification were 0.13 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1 and 0.30 μg/kg for ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 33 samples (17.1%) with a range of 0.14~9.67 μg/kg and ochratoxin A was detected in 40 samples (20.7%) with a range of 0.31~3.31 μg/kg. These results show that the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in dried red pepper and red pepper powder tested in this study is low compared with the standard in Korea Food Code (10 μg/kg as aflatoxin B1 and 7 μg/kg as ochratoxin A).

유통 건고추 및 고춧가루의 아플라톡신 B₁과 오크라톡신 A 오염도 조사

제갈승,김지형,주광식,정세진,나현주,조남규,이제만,김용희,Jegal, Seung,Kim, Ji-Hyeung,Joo, Gwang-Sig,Jung, Se-Jin,Na, Hyeon-Ju,Jo, Nam-Gyu,Lee, Jea-Man,Kim, Yong-Hee 한국식품위생안전성학회 2013 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.28 No.3

2012년 2월부터 11월까지 인천 지역에서 유통된 건고추 및 고춧가루 193건을 대상으로 아플라톡신 $B_1$과 오크라톡신 A의 오염도를 조사하였다. Immunoaffinity column 및 HPLC를 이용한 시험법은 모두 80% 이상의 회수율을 보였고, 아플라톡신 $B_1$ 및 오크라톡신 A의 검출한계는 각각 0.13 ${\mu}g/kg$, $0.30{\mu}g/kg$였다. 오염도 조사를 한 결과 아플라톡신 $B_1$은 17.1%의 검출율을 보였고 오크라톡신 A는 20.7%의 검출율을 보였으며, 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 검출농도는 0.14~9.67 ${\mu}g/kg$였고, 오크라톡신 A의 검출 농도는 0.31~3.31 ${\mu}g/kg$였다. 이는 우리나라 식품공전 상의 기준인 10 ${\mu}g/kg$(아플라톡신 $B_1$), 7 ${\mu}g/kg$(오크라톡신 A)보다는 낮은 수치로 비교적 안전한 수준이었다. A survey of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was conducted on dried red pepper and red pepper powder. Total number of 193 samples were collected from local markets in Incheon. The presence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using immunoaffinity column clean-up. The recovery rate of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A were more than 80% and the limits of quantification were 0.13 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxin $B_1$ and 0.30 ${\mu}g/kg$ for ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was detected in 33 samples (17.1%) with a range of 0.14~9.67 ${\mu}g/kg$ and ochratoxin A was detected in 40 samples (20.7%) with a range of 0.31~3.31 ${\mu}g/kg$. These results show that the occurrence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A in dried red pepper and red pepper powder tested in this study is low compared with the standard in Korea Food Code (10 ${\mu}g/kg$ as aflatoxin $B_1$ and 7 ${\mu}g/kg$ as ochratoxin A).

STRETCHING THE IMAGINATION VFX

제갈승 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 2015 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

Cyclooxygenase- 2 과발현은 CCl-induced 간섬유증의 증가된 mast cells와 관련이 있다.

제갈승주,이재형,박승택 대한임상검사과학회 2012 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.44 No.4

Cyclooxygenase(COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. Over-expression of COX-2 has been reported to be associated with progressive hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatic C infection and rat liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4). Recently, it is well known that mast cell products can stimulate the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and key players in liver fibrosis. But little is known regarding their role in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rat. Our aim was to investigate the relation between COX-2 expression and mast cells during liver fibrosis after CCl4 treatment. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups (non-treated 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8-week after CCl4-treatment). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-1 and COX-2 in liver tissue from CCl4-treated rats. The density of collagen and mast cells were determined using a computerized image analysis system in liver sections stained with picrosirius red and toluidine blue, respectively. The expression levels of α-SMA, collagen-1 and COX-2 mRNA were significantly higher at 2 wk in CCl4-treated groups than non-treated group. The number of mast cells in liver tissues increased gradually from 2 wk to 6 wk depending on the fibrosis severity but decreased abruptly at 8 wk. The significant increase of collagen-1 and α-SMA mRNA expression in CCl4-treated rats was continued until 6 wk while the COX-2 mRNA was significantly decreased at 8 wk. These results suggest that increased mast cells are closely associated with COX-2 over-expression during hepatic fibrogenesis of CCl4-treated rats. .

파라핀포매조직에서의 톨루이단블루염색에 의한 초기와후기 아포토세포의 감별

제갈승주 ( Seung Joo Jekal ),차현희 ( Hyun Hee Cha ) 대한임상검사과학회 1998 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.30 No.3

Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death that plays a key role in the growth regulation of a variety of tissues. Several techniques based on the detection of DNA fragmentation as an important characteristic of this process have been established Since their methods, however, are expensive, time-consuming, and poor tissue morphology, it can be difficulty to apply in routine histological sections. The aim of this study was performed to determine the usefulness of toluidine blue staining in Camoy-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The samples from spleen, small intestine, liver, kidney and testis was evaluated. We compared the toluidine blue(TB) staining with the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling(11JNEL) staining used to detection of apoptotic cells. The distribution of apoptotic cells in five tissues was similar to the site of previous studies. The apoptotic cells are classified as early and late phase based on their morphology. In HE sections, apoptosis was usually recognizable by the presence of apoptotic bodiestlate phase). Although the early phase of apoptosis can be detected as a cells possessing an nucleus with irregular contour and condensed chromatin magination at nuclear periphery in HE sections, it was difficult to detect and was easily overlooked. In TUNEL sections, apoptosis appeared intense staining mainly in late phase and weak staining in early phase. However, the colorized signals of TUNEL are much easier to detect than apoptotic bodies in HE sections. In TB staining, apoptotic cells revealed with metachromatic staining in early Phase and late phase with hyperchromatic staining, though the intensity of metachromatic staining is less weakened than positive signals in TUNEL it can be discriminated between early and late apoptotic cells. Thus, if the metachromatic intensity of TB, in future, could be more improved, it may be a cheap, convenient, useful technique for detection of apoptosis as well as for discrimination of early and late apoptotic cells in Carnoy-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.

Glucose Oxidase에 의해 손상된 배양된 신경아세포에 미치는 국화 추출물의 효과

제갈승주,서영미,박승택,임요섭,정옥봉 대한임상검사과학회 2011 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.43 No.2

To clarify the oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. (CM) flower extract on the cultured neuroglial cells (C6 glioma) damaged by ROS, cell adhesion effect was measured by colorimetric assay after cultured C6 glioma cells were treated with various concentrations of glucose oxidase (GO) for 5 hours. For the antioxidative effect of CM flower extract, cell adhesion activity (CAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed against GO-induced cytotoxicity on same cultures. In this study, GO remarkably decreased CAA dose-dependently, and the XTT90 and XTT50 values were measured at 15 mU/mL and 50 mU/mL following the treatment of C6 glioma cells with 5∼60 mU/mL of GO. The CM flower extract significantly increased cell adhesion activity damaged by GO-induced cytotoxicity, and it also showed the SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity. From these results, it is suggested that GO was cytotoxic on cultured C6 glioma cells, and CM flower extract showed antioxidative effects as shown by the increased CAA, SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity on GO-induced cytotoxicity on the same cultures. .

도은법에서 신속한 은 침투를 위한 극초단파의 활용

제갈승주 ( Seung Joo Jekal ),최영자 ( Ypung Ja Choi ),정주연 ( Ju Youn Chung ) 대한임상검사과학회 1995 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.27 No.1

자궁경부상피의 악성변화에서 비만세포가 간질세포의 α-Smooth Muscle Actin 발현에 미치는 영향

제갈승주 ( Seung Joo Jekal ),최영자 ( Young Ja Choi ),이광주 ( Kwang Joo Lee ),노종섭 ( Jong Sup Roh ) 대한임상검사과학회 2007 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.39 No.3

There is increasing evidence that stromal reaction in cancer has an important diagnostic and prognostic significance. The aim of our study is to analyze the relation between the increase in mast cell number and the expression CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the stroma of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We investigated a total of 29 CIN (1,2,3) and 21 SCC (microinvasive and invasive) specimens and compared the distribution of CD34+ stromal cells, α-SMA+ cells, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)+ cells, and the density of mast cells using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD34, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and c-Kit (CD117) respectively. Computerized image analysis was to evaluate the positive area (%) and density of the respective immunoreactive cells. In CIN CD34+ cells were abundant in the stroma but no α-SMA+ cells were identified except the wall of blood vessels. CD34+ cells were progressively decreased along the continuum from CIN 2 to microinvasive SCC and not observed in the stroma of invasive SCC. Whereas α-SMA+ cells were only observed in the stroma of microinvasive and invasive SCC. We found more intense TGF-β1 expression in the increased mast cells in the stroma of invasive SCCs than that in the stroma of CIN. These results indicate that disappearance of CD34+ stromal cells and appearance of α-SMA+ cells are associated with the stromal change of CIN to SCC and the transformation of CD34+ stromal cells into α-SMA+ cells is mediated by TGF-β1 secretions in the stromal mast cell of SCC.

자궁경부상피의 악성변화에서 비만세포가 간질세포의 α-Smooth Muscle Actin 발현에 미치는 영향

제갈승주,최영자,이광주,노종섭,Jekal, Seung-Joo,Choi, Young-Ja,Lee, Kwang-Joo,Roh, Jong-Sup 대한임상검사과학회 2007 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.39 No.3

There is increasing evidence that stromal reaction in cancer has an important diagnostic and prognostic significance. The aim of our study is to analyze the relation between the increase in mast cell number and the expression CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) in the stroma of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We investigated a total of 29 CIN (1,2,3) and 21 SCC (microinvasive and invasive) specimens and compared the distribution of $CD34^+$ stromal cells, ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ $(TGF-{\beta}1)^+$ cells, and the density of mast cells using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD34, ${\alpha}$-SMA, TGF-${\beta}1$, and c-Kit (CD117) respectively. Computerized image analysis was to evaluate the positive area (%) and density of the respective immunoreactive cells. In CIN $CD34^+$ cells were abundant in the stroma but no ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells were identified except the wall of blood vessels. $CD34^+$ cells were progressively decreased along the continuum from CIN 2 to microinvasive SCC and not observed in the stroma of invasive SCC. Whereas ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells were only observed in the stroma of microinvasive and invasive SCC. We found more intense TGF-${\beta}1$ expression in the increased mast cells in the stroma of invasive SCCs than that in the stroma of CIN. These results indicate that disappearance of $CD34^+$ stromal cells and appearance of ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells are associated with the stromal change of CIN to SCC and the transformation of $CD34^+$ stromal cells into ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells is mediated by TGF-${\beta}1$ secretions in the stromal mast cell of SCC.

사염화탄소, Dimethylnitrosamine, Thioacetamide의 3가지 시약과 쥐에게 간섬유증을 유도하는데 이용되는 담관결찰로 인한 조직병리학적 변화의 비교

제갈승주,김정훈,박미정,김진영,신진희,박수영 대한임상검사과학회 2011 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.43 No.4

This study was carried out to compare the histopathological differences of liver lesions in carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), thioacetamide (TAA) and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced rats. CCl4, DMN and TAA were administered intraperitoneally and conducted bile duct ligation for 4 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. Indices of liver cell injury (steatosis, hydropic degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia, hemorrhage & hemosiderin deposition), the extent of liver fibrosis (fibrotic area) and the rate of regeneration (number of PCNA-positive cells) were investigated in each group. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), sirius red, prussian blue and immunostained with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and quantified using a computerized image analysis system. Liver cell steatosis was significantly increased in CCl4 and TAA groups, and hydropic degeneration and bile duct hyperplasia were significantly increased in TAA and BDL groups when compared with that in normal control, respectively. Fibrosis area was significantly increased in all four groups, especially in CCl4 group. Correlation between α-SMA and TGF-β1 expressions in four groups was good. Hemorrhage area in liver parenchyma was significantly increased in DMN group only when compared with that in normal control, while hemosiderin deposition area was significantly increased in TAA and BDL groups as well as DMN group. The Number of PCNA-positive cells was significantly increased in all four groups, especially in TAA group. These results indicate that the duration and methods of hepatotoxic drug treatment are very important factors to make plans for animal experimentation on the induction of hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. .