영재 유득공의 역사의식

정진헌(Jung Jin Hun) 대동한문학회 2007 大東漢文學 Vol.27 No.-

  유득공의 역사의식을 확인하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 그래서 그의 대표적인 사서 『발해고』와 『사군지』에 담긴 한국사와 관련된 것을 짚어서 해설했다.<BR>  그가 살았던 조선후기의 사회는 반상차대가 엄연했다. 더구나 그는 서출로 태어나서 이런 사회적 제약을 받는 처지였다. 그러나 정조의 독특한 정책으로 규장각의 검서관으로 발탁된 뒤로 관리로서 활동하며 자신의 서출이란 신분에 따른 사회적 제약에 구애되지 않았다.<BR>  그는 강력한 현실 의식을 소유했다. 그래서 자신이 살았던 그 시대의 풍속과 역사 그리고 전통문화에 깊은 관심을 가지고서 『이십일도회고시』와 『경도잡지』를 썼다. 전자에서 그는 한백겸의 역사지리서인 『동국지리지』를 저본으로 하여 당시까지의 한국사를 논문과 주석으로 다루었는데, 이는 그의 현실과 역사의식이 매우 강했음을 나타낸다. 이미 이때부터 북학사상의 영향을 다분히 받아서 정신문화적인 요소를 빠짐없이 다루었고, 고려에 대해서는 나중에 지은 『발해고』에서와 마찬가지로 부정적인 견해가 드러났다. 유득공은 본인이 몸담았던 당대의 사회에도 관심이 무척 깊었다. 그 대표적인 증거가 그 시대의 세시와 풍속을 구분해서 자세히 전거를 밝히며 정리한 후자인 『경도잡지』였다.<BR>  유득공은 『渤海考』를 써서 세계 최초로 발해의 역사를 정리했다. 그는 거기서 발해사는 한국사 체계에 포함되어야 하며, 그 역사적 형국을 남북국이라고 불러서 고구려와 발해의 계승성을 당연한 것으로 여겼다. 그리고 그는 신라의 통일은 물론 고려의 통일도 인정하지 않았다.<BR>  유득공은 또한 『사군지』를 써서 단군조선 이후 삼국시대 이전까지의 역사를 정리했다. 이를 소위 한사군시대라고 할 수도 있다. 그는 여기서 그 이전부터 당연하다고 여긴 사군이부설을 반박하여 사군변위이군설을 주장했다. 동시에 이 2군이 3군으로 되었는데, 그것이 자연스럽게 고구려 백제 신라의 삼국으로 이어졌고, 급기야 앞서 말한 『발해고』의 남북국으로 계승되었다고 했다.<BR>  무엇보다도 눈여겨 볼 것은 그가 이런 변화의 원동력이 토착 세력들의 지속적인 저항에서 비롯되었다고 지적했다는 점이다. 이는 역사의 변화나 그 원동력을 왕조 중심의 변화로 인식한 전통기의 보통 역사가들과 다른 점이다. 이런 그의 역사관은 낙학에 근거한 북학사상의 요체인 상대주의적 인식론에서 비롯되었다고 판단한다.<BR>  끝으로 그는 남북국 이후의 변화는 고려가 건국되어 북쪽의 발해 지역이 거란과 여진에게 넘어가서 자신이 살았던 조선시대까지도 수복하지 못했다고 했다. 이런 논리로 보면 현재도 한국사의 역사 판도는 온전하지 않다고 결론지을 수가 있다.   It is very hard work to inveatigate the historical concept of Yu Dug Gong. So I look them into his works Palhaego and Sagunji and express thoroughly.<BR>  In the later part of Yi dynasty when he lived, there were a social trend to take differrential treatment by one’s social statement - Yangabn and Sangmin. Yu Dug Gong was in the social state on account of his ancestor’s concubine birth. But after having become a Gumseogwan, an officer of Gujanggak, a royal library, he never received the social bad treatment.<BR>  He had the problem concept of his times and society clearly. And he wrote the book of Yisipildohoygosi and Gyungdojapji with strong concerns on the folk, history and tradition in Yi dynasty. The former had been written with his strong curiosity on his times and it"s history based on Donggukjiriji written by Han Baek Gyum. In this book, he revealed his notion that he was interested in culture and had a negative attitude about Koryo dynasty. Also Yu Dug Gong had a strong curiosity of his times, so he wrote the Gyungdojapji which contained tradition and folklore.<BR>  He is very famous because he had written Palhaego which introduce us the history of Palhae for the first time of the world. In this book, he declared that the history of Palhae dynasty is a part of Korean history, and that it was necessary that Koguryo dynasty had been succeded by Palhae. So he called this times Nambukguk. Therefore he did not agree to the declare of the unification of Koryo dynasty.<BR>  Also he wrote Sagunji arranged the history of the times from Dangunjosun to three kingdoms age. In this, he denied the proclaiming of Sagunyibu and declared Sagunyigun of his own. We should listen to his words that the dynamic of that change had been based on the oppression of the native people’s power. At this point, he was very different with the historian in traditional society who usually told the change of royal family in dynasty. Such an unique his notion might based on the relativism of Bukhak thought based on Nakhak.<BR>  Conclusionally speaking, he decided that the northern part of Korean territory that was Palhae’s which had been taken by Khithan and Jurchin, so the unification had not been accomplished until Yi dynasty. Following his opinion, we could cry out that Korean territory has not become a whole until now.

朝鮮 時代의 高句麗 認識

鄭鎭憲(JUNG Jin-hun),朴光用(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.18 No.-

It is very important standard for historian who wants to search the flow of history that the people of the later times afford the culture and society of the earlier times. Therefore I think that It is a good tool to study how they accepted the culture and society of Koguryo dynasty in Chosun dynasty. In this paper, I propose three facts. They contrasted Koguryo to old China, assumed it's history is a very important ring in the chain of Korean history, and conclusionnally regarded Koguryo was one of the earlier part of Chosun. Now I can introduce the following conclusions. First, they acknowledged Koguryo was very different to Sui and Tang dynasty in China in Chosun dynasty. Second, not in Chosun but in Ming and Ching dynasty agreed that Koguryo is an ancester of Chocun. Third, They agreed that the old land of Koguryo is related to Chosun. Forth, we notice that the ancester, Dongmyungseongwang was shrined by national scale in Chosun dynasty. And the last, I find out the culture traits of Koguryo, Dongdnogmoo existed in Chosun dynasty. In conclusion, they thought that Koguryo is one of the earlier part of Chosun, and embodied them eagerly in Chosun. So I dare to say that the notion about Koguryo in Chosun dynasty is stronger and detailer than modem Korea.

증례보고 : Methylprednisolone 투여 후 발생한 알레르기 반응

정진헌 ( Jin Hun Chung ),안기량 ( Ki Ryang Ahn ),전혜정 ( Hye Jung Chun ),김천숙 ( Chun Sook Kim ),강규식 ( Kyu Sik Kang ),유시현 ( Sie Hyeon Yoo ),정지원 ( Ji Won Chung ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.4

Corticosteroid preparations have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and are used widely for the treatment of allergic disorders and asthma. Steroids themselves, however, can induce hypersensitivity reactions. In this study, we report the case of a 66-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who exhibited an allergic reaction (rash, bronchospasm, bradycardia, severe hypotension and cardiac arrest) immediately after the intravenous injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation, sinus rhythm was not restored. The anesthesiologist should be aware that allergic reactions to corticosteroids can occur. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009;57:499∼502)

증례보고 : Nuss 방법에 의한 오목가슴 술 후 발생한 수축성심막염 환자에서 금속막대 제거 및 심막절제술에 의한 심장천공과 혈흉

서은정 ( Eun Jung Seo ),안기량 ( Ki Ryang Ahn ),김천숙 ( Chun Sook Kim ),강규식 ( Kyu Sik Kang ),유시현 ( Sie Hyun You ),정진헌 ( Jin Hun Chung ),정지원 ( Ji Weon Chung ),이승진 ( Seung Jin Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.4

Nuss procedure offers excellent outcome effect in the cosmetic point of view, but the complications such as cardiac perforation, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, hemothorax, pneumothorax and bar displacement sometimes occur. We experienced a 13-year-old-male, who showed the profound hypotension with bradycardia due to the cardiac perforation and the lung laceration during the pericardiectomy and the removal of pectus bar. Emergent partial cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated and then, ruptured right atrium and lung laceration were repaired without the remarkable complications. In anesthetic management of the pectus excavatum. This case reveals that special attention should be paid to those with cardiac perforation and lung laceration. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 539∼43)

정상인에서 고빈도의 무통증성 경피적 신경자극이 RIII Nociceptive Flexion Reflex와 Temporal Summation에 미치는 영향

김용익,이장원,김정순,정진헌,박욱,Kim, Yong-Ik,Lee, Jang-Weon,Kim, Jung-Soon,Chung, Jin-Hun,Park, Wook 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.1

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

정상인에서 고빈도의 무통증성 경피적 신경자극이 P3 Nociceptive Flexion Reflex 와 Temporal Summation 에 미치는 영향

김용익(Yong Ik Kim),이장원(Jang Weon Lee),김정순(Jung Soon Kim),정진헌(Jin Hun Chung),박욱(Wook Park) 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.1

N/A Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

정상인에서 고빈도의 무통증성 경피적 신경자극이 R3 Nociceptive Flexion Reflex와 Templral Summation에 미치는 영향

김요의 ( Yong Ik Kim ),이장원 ( Jang Weon Lee ),김정순 ( Jung Soon Kim ),정진헌 ( Jin Hun Chung ),박욱 ( Wook Park ) 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.1

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIll nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIll reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

임상연구 : 흉부 척추옆블록시 적절한 바늘거치를 위한 해부학적 고찰

유시현 ( Sie Hyeon Yoo ),서환주 ( Hwan Joo Seo ),김천숙 ( Chun Sook Kim ),안기량 ( Ki Ryang Ahn ),강규식 ( Kyu Sik Kang ),정진헌 ( Jin Hun Jung ),천경아 ( Kyung Ah Chun ),김종분 ( Jong Bun Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.2

Background: Thoracic paravertebral blockade (TPVB) can be effective in many clinical settings. However, many clinicians are reluctant to use this technique due to its adverse effects such as pneumothorax. The aim of this study was estimate the appropriate depth and width for safe needle positioning. Methods: The depth from skin to the paravertebral space (PVS) and the width from the spinous process (SP) to the PVS and the lateral tip of the transverse process (LTTP) were measured in all available sections from 84 patients examined by chest computed tomography (CT). The correlation between age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and each measured value was analyzed. Results: All 828 sections from the 84 patients aged between 19 and 65 years old were evaluated. The minimum and maximum values of the mean depth from the skin to PVS were 40.3-52.4 mm in men and 41.2-55.9 mm in women. The minimum and maximum values of the mean width from the SP to LTTP were 29.2-34.6 mm in men and 23.7-31.0 mm in women. At every thoracic level, the depth to PVS was similar in both genders but the width from the SP to the NEP in men was significantly higher than in women. Weight significantly influenced the width from the SP to LTTP in men but height and BMI did not. Also weight and BMI significantly influenced the depth from skin to PVS in almost all of the thoracic region at both sex, but height did not influence the depth from skin to PVS in both sex. Conclusions: We report clinically useful estimates that may be used to help avoid side effects such as pneumothorax and achieve a successful thoracic paravertebral blockade. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 188~93)

Nuss 방법에 의한 오목가슴 환자에서 금속 막대 제거 중 발생한 혈흉 1예

정호순,안기량,김천숙,강규식,유시현,정진헌,정지원,이승진 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

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Nuss 방법에 의한 소아 오목가슴 수술 후 정맥 통증자가조절법을 사용한 Fentanyl 과 Fentanyl-Ketorolac의 진통효과 비교

안기량,서은정,김천숙,강규식,유시현,정진헌,정지원 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.2

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