『의방유취(醫方類聚)·제허문(諸虛門)』을 통해 본 동아시아 전통의학에서의 허노(虛勞)의 역사

정지훈,Jung, JiHun 한국의사학회 2019 한국의사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

All Deficiency section (諸虛門) in Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), fills volumes 143-154 of Euibangyoochui's 266 volumes. In it, diverse and meaningful concepts such as Consumptive Disease (虛勞) and Fatigue Due to Overexertion (勞倦) are introduced to describe deficiency-oriented diseases. Before the 10th century, there are classified into six categories: muscle exhaustion, pulse exhaustion, flush exhaustion, Qi exhaustion, essence exhaustion, bone exhaustion, and prescribing treatments for treating diseases corresponding to each exhaustion. As medical knowledge was integrated through the medical books compiled by the government, awareness of Consumptive Disease was advanced to clarify the concept of pathways. The Confucian doctors have led to changes in recognition of the cause of the Consumptive Disease from damage of human factors to an internal problem. It can be seen that the classification of hurdles has become more diverse just before the outbreak of Euibangyoochui and that they include various diseases.

3D 콘크리트 프린터 분류체계 비교연구

정지훈,이강,김정훈,최재진,Chung, Jihoon,Lee, Ghang,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Choi, Jaejin 한국건설관리학회 2020 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 기존의 3D 콘크리트 프린터의 분류체계를 검토하고 비교분석하여 3D 콘크리트 프린터의 분류체계를 제안하는 것이다. 기존의 3D 프린터에 대하여 여러 분류체계가 제안되어 왔고, 관련 시장에서는 이를 사용하기도 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 상당히 많은 종류의 프린터가 FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling)이나 SLM(Selective Laser Melting)처럼 3D 콘크리트 프린터를 특징짓는데 적절하지 않다. 3D 콘크리트 프린터 간에 구분 짓는 특징을 밝히기 위해서, 본 연구는 기존의 3D 콘크리트 프린터를 검토하고 기존 연구에서 확인된 3D 콘크리트 프린터의 특징을 비교분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 기존의 분류체계는 최신 3D 콘크리트 프린터를 반영하지 못하였고, 분류 용어들은 모호하며, 전체 출력과정은 고려되지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 기존 연구 분석을 통하여 3D 콘크리트 프린터의 필수적인 특징들을 도출함으로써, 새 분류체계를 제안하였다. 본 연구결과는 3D 콘크리트 프린터 관련 연구들뿐만 아니라, 상업용 3D 콘크리트 프린터들을 분류하는데 기초가 될 수 있을 것이다. This study reviews and comparatively analyzes existing classification systems for 3D concrete printers to propose a classification system for 3D concrete printers. Several classifications for existing 3D printers have been proposed and used in the market. Nevertheless, quite a few of the printer types such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are not suitable for characterizing 3D concrete printers. To derive the properties that distinguish one 3D concrete printer type from the others, this study reviews existing 3D concrete printers and comparatively analyzes the properties of 3D concrete printers identified in previous studies. The results show that existing classifications do not reflect the states-of-the-art of 3D concrete printers, the classification terms are ambiguous, and the entire printing processes are not considered. A new classification system was proposed based on the essential properties of the 3D concrete printers identified through the analysis of related work. The result of this study can be used as a basis for classifying commercial 3D concrete printers as well as studies related to 3D concrete printers.

"조선의학계"에 실린 '위생풍속(衛生風俗)에관(關)한이어(俚語)' 분석

정지훈,이상재,Jung, Jihun,Lee, Sangjae 대한예방한의학회 2014 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objective : Understanding the state of sanitation policy during the period of Japanese colonization of Korea. Method : Analyze 'Slang on hygiene practices' found in Korean medical journal "ChoSunEuiHakGye" that published in the period of Japanese colonization. And analyze articles that were same theme. Results : Japanese colonial policy regards the colony people's old adage of health as outrageous things. Japanese colonial police demands don't use old adage of health because it is obstruction to colonial hygiene policy. Conclusion : The Japanese occupation health administration led by the Japanese police considered Korean people as significant. And they regarded old adage of health as harmful habits. In addition, the knowledge derived from traditional Korean medicine was turned away outrageous things. Traditional Korean medicine knowledge lost the chance of renewal.

뇌졸중 환자의 양하지 교차밀기 근력 검사와 균형의 상관 관계 연구

정지훈,김중휘,Jung, Ji-Hoon,Kim, Joong-Hwi 대한물리치료학회 2013 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: This study was to find a correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and a the balance in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Eighteen patients performed an isokinetic leg press test consisting of a bilateral reciprocal and unilateral mode. Following the isokinetic leg press testing, subjects performed the balance test: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, and stability limit. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between the mean score of the isokinetic leg press test, balance test in both affected and non-affected side. Results: This study indicated a significant correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and stability limit. There were significant correlation between non-affected side bilateral leg press(NBL) and BBS (r=0.501), affected side bilateral leg press (ABL) and non-affected side stability limit(NS) (r=0.614), ABL and total stability limit (TS) (r=0.493), NBL and affected side stability limit(AS) (r=0.480), NBL and NS (r=0.560), NBL and TS (r=0.563), among the patients. Conclusion: Measurement of the lower extremity strength using the bilateral reciprocal leg press test can be used as an evaluating tool of the balance test.

마약성 진통제 사용과 부신기능부전

정지훈,최윤선,김정은,김이연,Jung, Ji Hoon,Choi, Youn Seon,Kim, Jung Eun,Kim, E Yeon 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2014 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.17 No.3

치료 불가능한 암환자들은 전신적 쇠약 이외에 피로와 에너지 상실, 무력감, 식욕부진 및 통증 등이 주요 증상으로 알려져 있으며, 이러한 증상들은 부신기능부전으로 인한 증상들과 매우 유사한 양상을 보인다. 부신기능부전으로 인한 증상들은 가벼운 증상부터 생명을 위협하는 증상까지 다양하게 나타날 수 있으며, 이러한 부신기능부전은 다양한 원인에 의해 나타난다. 완화의료병동에 입원 중인 말기암환자들 중 중등도 이상의 통증을 호소하는 환자들은 마약성 진통제를 사용하여 통증 조절을 받고 있는데, 이러한 마약성 진통제의 사용은 부신기능에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 동물 및 비암성 통증을 호소하는 환자 대상으로 여러 연구들이 시행되었으며 대부분의 연구에서 마약성 진통제로 인해 부신기능의 저하가 나타났음을 보여주었다. 그러나 아직 암환자를 대상으로 한 마약성 진통제로 인한 부신기능의 저하에 대한 연구 결과는 드물다. 마약성 진통제로 통증 조절을 받고 있는 완화의료병동에 입원한 말기암환자들의 부신기능을 측정함으로써 마약성 진통제의 종류, 사용기간 및 용량과 부신기능의 관계를 파악하고 이에 따른 대증치료 및 호르몬 보충 요법은 환자들의 예후 및 삶의 질 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The major symptoms of terminally ill cancer patients are fatigue, loss of energy, feeling of helplessness, poor appetite and pain as well as general weakness, which are very similar to symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insufficiency-induced symptoms widely vary from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions and may be resulted from variable medical causes. For terminally ill cancer patients who are hospitalized for palliative care, opioid agents are prescribed to control moderate to severe pain. The use of acute or chronic opioid agents is believed to negatively affect adrenal gland function. In most studies of opioid effects (preclinical/clinical with animal subjects or and patients suffering non-malignant pain, adrenal insufficiency and hormonal abnormalities were observed as side effects. However, opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency has been rarely reported in studies with patients with malignant cancer pain. Relationship between the type, treatment period, dosage of opioid agents and hormonal abnormalities can be examined by measuring the functional level of the adrenal glands. We hope to improve patient's quality of life by indicating hormone substitution to treat symptoms of adrenal insufficiency.

『의방유취(醫方類聚)·오장문(五臟門)』의 처방 분석 -처방 제형을 중심으로 -

정지훈,Jung, Ji-Hun 한국의사학회 2018 한국의사학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Most of the prescriptions currently used by Korean medicine institutions to treat patients are delivered in the form of decoctions. The author reviewed the five-viscera section (五臟門) of Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), which is composed of theory, medicinals, diet, taboo, acupuncture and moxibustion, and exercises. The medicinals cover a total of 1,144 prescriptions cited from 14 medical books, and provides a wide range of prescriptions and delivery options, including decoctions, powders and pills. Of the 1,144 prescriptions, the author notes that among them, 577 prescriptions which use powders (41%) are the most popular; 444 are pills (31%) and are the second most popular; 329 decoctions (23%) are the third most popular, and 64 other prescriptions are 5 percent. Expanding treatment options and delivery of medicinal prescriptions presented in the five-viscera section (五臟門) of Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), is beneficial to both patients and doctors. The author suggests that expansion of herbal treatment options will provide opportunities to overcome current treatment limitations in the Korean medical service industry.

마약성 진통제 사용과 Cortisol 및 DHEAS와의 관계

정지훈,최윤선,김선미,이준영,김은혜,김정은,김이연,박희진,윤동진,Jung, Ji Hoon,Choi, Youn Seon,Kim, Seon Mee,Lee, June Young,Kim, Eun Hye,Kim, Jung Eun,Kim, E Yeon,Park, Hee Jin,Yoon, Dong Jin 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2015 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목 적: 치료 불가능한 암환자에서는 암으로 인한 전신적 쇠약 이외에 피로와 에너지 상실, 무력감, 식욕부진 및 통증 등이 공통적으로 나타나는 주요 증상으로 알려져 있으며 이러한 증상은 부신 기능 부전이 있을 때 나타나는 증상과 유사한 점이 많다. 또한 말기암환자의 통증은 중등도 이상이기 때문에 대부분 마약성 진통제로 조절하고 있는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 마약성 진통제와 부신 기능 부전에 대한 관계를 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2013년 11월부터 2014년 6월까지 7개월 동안, 만 18세 이상의 말기암환자 55명을 대상으로 혈장 cortisol, DHEAS 등을 측정하였다. 또한 환자의 마약성 진통제의 사용 기간 및 용량도 함께 조사하였고 마약성 진통제의 사용 기간 및 용량과 부신 기능을 대표할 수 있는 혈장 cortisol, DHEAS의 농도를 각각 비교하였다. 결과: Cortisol의 평균값은 $20.24{\mu}g/dL$, DHEAS의 평균값은 $44.41{\mu}g/dL$였으며, 상관 분석 결과 DHEAS와 마약성 진통제의 사용 기간 및 용량과의 관계는 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 관련성이 없었고, Cortisol의 경우 마약성 진통제의 사용 기간과는 유의한 관련성이 없었으나, 진통제의 사용 용량이 많을수록 Cortisol의 수치가 유의하게(P-value 0.0322) 상승되었다. 결론: 마약성 진통제의 사용 기간 및 용량에 따른 부신 기능의 저하는 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았으나 진통제를 사용하고 있는 말기암환자들의 부신 기능을 대표할 수 있는 지표인 DHEAS 값은 대부분 정상 이하로 낮아져 있는 모습을 보였다. Purpose: Fatigue, energy loss, feeling of helplessness, poor appetite, pain besides general weakness are major symptoms presented to terminally ill cancer patients. These symptoms are similar to those that appeared with adrenal insufficiency. Also, for terminally ill cancer patients who are hospitalized for palliative care, opioid agents are prescribed to control moderate to severe pain. We studied the relationship of opioid agents and adrenal insufficiency. Methods: From November 2013 through June 2014, we monitored the serum level of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS, serum) in 55 cancer patients who were over 18 years old and were treated at a hospice center. We also checked the treatment period and dosage of opioid agents. Results: The DHEAS level, treatment period and dosage of opioid agents did not have significant correlation. Correlation between the serum cortisol level and the opioid agent treatment period was not significant either, but the serum cortisol level was positively correlated with the dosage of opioid agents (P value 0.0322). Conclusion: This study did not identify a novel link between treatment period, dosage of opioid agents and adrenal insufficiency. But, the DHEAS level was mostly below the normal level in patients who were treated with opioid agents.

흰쥐의 염증반응에 대한 CW-501027과 CW-501029의 억제효과

정지훈,심재호,양성준,민영실,송현주,우재광,김용성,조영래,손의동,Jung, Ji-Hoon,Sim, Jae-Ho,Yang, Sung-Jun,Min, Young-Sil,Song, Hyun-Ju,Woo, Jae-Gwang,Kim, Yong-Sung,Cho, Young-Rae,Sohn, Uy-Dong 대한약학회 2004 약학회지 Vol.48 No.6

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is limited by their ability to induce gastrointestinal injury. It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO), similar to pro staglandins (PGs), appears to play an important role in gastric mucosal defence. We hypothesized that NSAIDs contained NO group would be less acutely toxic to the gastric mucosa, but would not interfere with their ability to suppress inflammatory process in rats. We have compared the ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of CW-501029 (NO-NSAIDs), CW-501027 (NSAIDs) and indomethacin. Both did not change mean blood pressure and heart rates, indicating that they had no side effect on cardiovascular system. We found that CW-501029 increased nitrite/nitrate levels without changing of blood pressure and heart rates. We suggest that it may help gastric mucosal blood flow, the which helps reducing the discomfort in astrointestinal system. Carrageenan-induced PGE2 increase was reduced in a similar tendency when compared CW-501027 or CW-501027 with control in back exudate of rats, but CW-501029 less reduced PGE2 than CW-502027 or indomethacin in gastric tissues. CW-501027 or CW-501029 reduced platelet aggregation. From these results we suggest that CW-501029 may improve the side effect by reduction of short-term gastric injury and less inhibition of PGs synthesis.

한국산유자(韓國産柚子)의 화학적성분(化學的成分)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

정지훈,Jung, Ji-Heun 한국응용생명화학회 1974 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.17 No.1

한국산유자(韓國産柚子)의 화학적성분(化學的成分)을 일반성분(一般成分)과 특수성분(特殊成分)으로 구분(區分)하여 일반성분(一般成分)이 관(關)하여는 시기별변화(時期別變化)를 특수성분(特殊成分)은 성숙기유자(成熟期柚子)에 관(關)하여 amino acid vitamin C, 유리당(遊離糖), 유기산(有機酸), 향성분(香成分)등을 분석(分析)하여 시기별성분(時期別成分) 변화(變化)가 식물생리(植物生理)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 식품(食品)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 검토결과(檢討結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 과피(果皮)와 과육(果肉)의 시기별분석결과(時期別分析結果)는 과피율(果皮率)과 과육율(果肉率)를 비교(比較)할때 전자(前者)가 더 크며 지역적(地域的)으로 볼때는 과피율(果皮率)은 도서부(島嶼部)가 내륙지(內陸地)보다 더 크다. 2. 일반성분(一般成分)에 있어서 과피(果皮)에서는 3기(期)까지 수분함량(水分含豊)의 증가(增加)를 보이고 기후(其後) 일정상태(一定狀態)를 유지(維持)하며 조지방(粗脂肪), 섬유질(纖維質), 회분(灰分), 총산(總酸), 가용성무질소물(可溶性無蜜素物)등은 3기(基)까지 감소(減少)하며 환원당(還元糖)은 급증(急增)하고 섬유질(纖維質)과 총산(總酸)은 계속감소(繼續減少)를 보인다. 과육(果肉)에서는 3기(期)까지 수분(水分), 환원당(還元糖)이 증가(增加)하고 조지방(粗脂肪), 섬유질(纖維質), 회분(灰分), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 가용성무질소물(可溶性無窒素物)등은 3기(期)까지 감소(減少)한다. 3 Vitamin C의 함량(含量)은 과육(果肉) 보다 과피(果皮)에 많고 일본산유자(日本産柚子) 보다 한국산유자(韓國産柚子)에 더 많었다. 4. 유리당(遊離糖)은 xylose, fructose, glucose, sucrose등 4종(種)이 분리검출(分離檢出)되었고 과육(果肉)보다 과피(果皮)에 더 많이함유(含有)되어 있었다. 5. 휘발성유기산(揮發性有機酸)의 함량(含量)은 과육(果肉)보다 과피(果皮)에 더 많고 과피(果皮)에 acetic acid, formic acid, n-valet acid등 3종(種)과 과육(果肉)에 formic acid, acetic acid, propionicacid 등 3종(種)이 분리(分離)되었다. 6. 비휘발성유기산(非揮發性有機酸)의 함량(含量)은 과피(果皮)보다 과육(果肉)에 더 많고 과피(果皮)에 citric acid, glutaric acid, malic acid tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid와 unknown 1종(種)등 8종(種)이 분리검출(分離檢出)되었고 과육(果肉)에서는 citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid등 6종(種)이 분리확인(分離確認)되있다. 7. 향성분(香成分)의 정유중성부(精油中性部)에서 D-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinone$, p-cymene의 3종(種)과 unknown 7종(種)등 10종(種)이 분리검색(分離檢索)되었고 함량(含量)으로 보아 D-limonene이 유자(柚子)의 주향성분(主香成分)인 것으로 생각된다. 8. 식품(食品)의 효율적이용(效率約利用)은 과피(果皮)와 과육(果肉)을 공(共)히 쓸수 있고 미숙과(未熟果)는 citric acid제조용(製造用), 성숙과(成熟果)는 과중제조원료(果汁製造原料)로 쓸수 있다는 것이 상기(上記) 연구결과(硏究結果)에의(依)하여 확인(確認)되었다. The chemical components of Citrus junos produced in Korea were divided into two parts; common and special components respectively. In the former the relation between the physiological effects of the plant and its ripening process was observed periodically while the latter was analyzed the ripening fruits for their effective utilization as food. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The analytical result of seasonal change showed that the rind ratio was higher than the flesh ratio and on a regional basis, the rind ratio was higher in the islands than on land areas. 2. In the experiment the moisture was increased until the third period, but afterwards it was made constant. While the content of crude fat, cellulose, ash, total acid and soluble non-nitrogen material were decreased until the third period and the cotent of cellulose and total acid were continuousely redused until the last period. In con trast with the above the content of reducing sugars was increased but the content of crude fat, cellulose, ash, crude protein and soluble non-nitrogen material were increased until last period. 3. The content of vitamin C was richer in the rind than in the flesh, in the Korean species than in the Japanese. 4. Free sugars; xylose, fructose, glucose were richer in the rind than in the flesh. 5. The content of volatile organic acids was richer in the rind than in the flesh. Among them, volatile acids, acetic acid, formic and n-valeric acid were found in the rind and formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were deteceed in the flesh. 6. The total content of non-volatile acids was richer in the flesh than in the rind. In the kind of non-volatile acids, citric acid,glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and an unknown acid were found in the rind and citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid and malonic acid in the flesh. 7. Three kinds of aromatic components: D-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinene$, p-cymene and seven other kinds of unknown aromatic components were detected in neutral essential oils. Among them, D-limonene seemed to be main aromatic component in the fruits. 8. From the above results it is confirmed that both rind and flesh of the ripened fruit could be utilized for food effectively, and unripened fruits are suitable for producing citric acid, ripened fruits are also useful for producing juice.

『동의보감사전』 편찬을 위한 표제어 추출에 관한 연구 - 코퍼스 분석방법을 바탕으로 -

정지훈,김도훈,김동율,Jung, Ji-Hun,Kim, Do-Hoon,Kim, Dong-Ryul 한국의사학회 2016 한국의사학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This article attempts to extract headwords for complication of "Donguibogam Dictionary" with Corpus-based Analysis. The computerized original text of Donguibogam is changed into a text file by a program 'EM Editor'. Chinese characters of high frequency of exposure among Chinese characters of Donguibogam are extracted by a Corpus-based analytical program 'AntConc'. Two-syllable, three-syllable, four-syllable, and five-syllable words including each Chinese characters of high frequency are extracted through n-cluster, one of functions of AntConc. Lastly, The output that is meaningful as a word is sorted. As a result, words that often appear in Donguibogam can be sorted in this article, and the names of books, medical herbs, disease symptoms, and prescriptions often appear especially. This way to extract headwords by this Corpus-based Analysis can suggest better headwords list for "Donguibogam Dictionary" in the future.