한중 인문유대 담론과 방향에 관한 고찰

張豪峻),장호준(Chang Ho Jun 대한중국학회 2015 중국학 Vol.51 No.-

This article examines the discourses and directions of the Korea-China Initiative for People-to-People and Cultural Ties (PCT) for which the Presidents of Korea and China signed in June 2013. The Initiative has gained public attention because Korea and China, which share cultural commonalities through the long history of mutual exchanges, employed humane and cultural resources in the diplomatic policies in an effort to substantiate the Korea-China Strategic Cooperative Partnership. Despite its successful initialization, however, differing views on the PCT have emerged in regards to the notion of cultural ties/communities and the substances of cultural commonalities. This article, based on a review of the political contexts the two countries reached the agreement, critically examines the differing nuance and positions regarding the Initiative. It pays special attention to the Chinese contexts where traditional cultures, usually represented with Confucianism and Chinese characters, are actively employed as political, ideological and diplomatic devices. In addition, examining the Chinese strategies regarding PCT and foreign policies, this article quests for balanced, reciprocal directions of the Initiative.

$Clomid^{(R)}$(Clomiphene citrate)의 투여시기와 용량을 변수로 한 혈중 $Estradiol-17{\beta}$의 동태에 관한 연구

장호준,서병희,이재현,Chang, H.J.,Suh, B.H.,Lee, J.H. 대한생식의학회 1988 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.15 No.1

Estradiol-17${\beta}$($E_2$) levels in the blood were estimated according to varying the time and amount of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$. $Clomid^{(R)}$ were administered on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th menstrual day corresponding to the recruitment period and on the 5th menstrual day corresponding to the selection period of the ovarian follicles, respectively. And $Clomid^{(R)}$ were administered 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg/day, repectively. The effects of the sequential HMG to $E_2$ levels in the blood were also estimated. The results were as following : 1. Blood $E_2$ levels according to the day and amount of administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ were the highest in the group 3(D $2{\sim}6$, 150 mg/day, with HMG) and the lowest in the group 6(D $5{\sim]9$, 50 mg/day, without HMG). $E_2$ levels showed increasing tendency to 0 day. 2. In the cases of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ during the $2nd{\sim}6th$ menstrual day, $E_2$ levels according to the amount were similar among groups and showed increasing tendency daily. 3. In the cases of administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ during the $2nd{\sim}6th$ menstrual day, $E_2$ levels according to the sequential HMG independent of the amount of $Clomid^{(R)}$ were higher in the with HMG group than without HMG groups. 4. In the case of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ during the $5th{\sim}9th$ menstrual day, $E_2$ levels according to the amount were the highest in the 100 mg/day group and the lowest in the 50mg/day group. 5. In the cases of administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ independent of the amount during the 5th${\sim}$9th menstrual day, $E_2$ levels according to the sequential HMG were higher in the with HMG group than without HMG group. 6. $E_2$ levels according to the amount independent of the day of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ were the highest in the 100 mg/day group and 150 mg/day, 50 mg/day group in low sequence. 7. $E_2$ levels according to the sequential HMG independent of the day and amount of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ were higher in the with HMG group than the without HMG group. 8. $E_2$ levels according to the day of the administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ independent of the amount of $Clomid^{(R)}$ and sequential HMG were the highest in the group D 2${\sim}$6 and the lowest in the group D 5${\sim}$9. According to the above results, there were higher $E_2$ levels in the group with sequential HMG than without HMG. Therefore, the hypothesis, postulated initially by the author, was not verified that sequential HMG would not affect the $E_2$ levels which were related to the process of the selection of the ovarian follicle in the connection with 'FSH window'. Because it may be the stimulation after the selection of later predominant follicle. And the highest level of $E_2$ was estimated in the $Clomid^{(R)}$ 150 mg/day group with sequential HMG on the 2nd${\sim}$6th day, and the higher levels were estimated in the 2nd${\sim}$6th day, 3rd${\sim}$7th day and 4th${\sim}$8th day groups than the 5th${\sim}$9th day group. The lower levels were estimated in the $Clomid^{(R)}$ 50 mg/day group without HMG than 100 mg/day and 150 mg/day on the 5th${\sim}$9th day. Therefore, further study will be needed that combines analyses of the E2 levels in the blood according to the various administration of $Clomid^{(R)}$ with or without sequential HMG and determination of the numbers and size of the ovarian follicles by ultrasonogram.

중국의 모방,복제 관행과 지적재산권의 문화정치

장호준 ( Ho Jun Chang ) 한국사회역사학회 2013 담론 201 Vol.16 No.1

This article explores the cultural-political meanings implied in the practices and discourses of imitation/copying in contemporary China. The social representations of daoban and shanzhai - two representative strands of imitation / copying practices dominant during the 1990s and the late 2000s, respectively - reveal sharp distinctions in their cultural recognition and political sensitivity. Attentive to their commonalities and distinctions, the article critically examines (1) the politico-economic backdrops against which the two discourses were produced and disseminated, (2) the process in which negative social connotations of daoban have increased while the shanzhai phenomenon and discourse has grown, and (3) the framing influences of intellectual property rights language in this process. Based on a critical examination of these points, the article argues that the discursive transition from daoban to shanzhai has largely synchronized with the strategic process in which state and society have explored autonomous appropriation of the institutional system of intellectual property rights. It also concludes that the discursive transition involves a cultural-political project to efface the national image of “pirates” produced by western countries by asserting Chinese civil frames of justice and ethics.

한중 인문유대와 지방도시간 인문교류

장호준(CHANG Ho-Jun),김수한(KIM Su-Han) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2016 중국과 중국학 Vol.- No.27

지난 세기 말 이래 동아시아 국가 간의 경제적 협력과 상호연동성이 급속히 심화되어왔음에도 불구하고 역내 국가 간의 사회정치적 갈등이 고조되는 ‘동아시아의 역설’적 상황이 불거져왔다. 한국과 중국은 이러한 상황을 극복하고 한중관계의 내실화를 도모하기 역사, 문화와 같은 연성 자산을 운용하는 협력의제를 발굴하고 이에 기초하여 다양한 형태의 인문교류를 통해 인문유대(人文紐帶)룰 강화하기로 합의한 후 관련사업을 추진해오고 있다. 이 글에서는, 한국과 중국이 양국 관계의 질적 발전을 위해 인문을 외교 자원으로 활용하는 현상에 주목하여, 이 사업의 추진 배경과 함의를 살펴보고 세부 교류사업의 내용과 추진 방식 및 현황에 대해 분석한다. 특히 이 사업에 대한 사회정치적 함의가 양국에서 서로 다른 점에 착목하고, 이를 보정할 수 있는 방안으로 지방도시간 인문교류의 중요성에 대해 강조한다. 또한, 양국 지방도시간 인문교류의 현황과 구조에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 한중인문유대강화사업이 성공적으로 진행되기 위해 해결되어야 할 과제와 효율적인 교류 방향에 대해 모색하고 있다. East Asia has confronted a paradoxical situation where the countries in the region put into a more conflictual relation despite the deepening economic interdependency among the countries since the turn of the century. South Korea and China recently signed for Korea-China People-to-people and Cultual Tie (inmun yudae; renwen niudai), a bilateral initiative with which to overcome the East Asian paradox and substantiate the Korea-China relationship and has launched relevant people-to-people and cultural (inmun; renwen) exchange programs based on historical and cultural affinity. This article, paying attention to the significance the two countries employ inmun assets in their effort to improve Korea-Sino relationship, examines the backgrounds and implications of the initiative and analyzes the ways the programs have been put into practices. Attentive to the differing socio-political contexts of the initiative in Korea and China, the article argues more emphasis be given to the exchange programs in the municipal level. Based on an analysis of the present situation and structure of the municipal exchanges, this article also points out the tasks to be performed in the near future.

동향촌의 변화를 통해 본 베이징 성중촌 현상과 개조

장호준(Chang, Ho-Jun) 역사비평사 2016 역사비평 Vol.- No.116

This paper examines the changing process of Beijing’s chengzhongcun(CZC) and the social implications of CZC reorganization projects by the local governments. CZC, or urban village, is a spatial representation of the contradictions between the pre-reform institutional legacies and the market economy mechanisms. It developed in the form of hometown-based migrant enclaves in its initial stage as migrants actively mobilized hometown-ties as a survival strategy in harsh urban circumstances. The number of CZC sharply increased in the early 2000s as population-control policies were loosened, but the location and mode differed from the past. In an effort to solve the problem of overpopulation and urban congestion, the Beijing government launched CZC reorganization projects. As a large number of CZC is demolished and redeveloped, the migrants’ place of residence is driven to the city’s outer skirts and their hometown-tie weakens. The recent CZC reorganization projects indicate that the government policies on floating population shifted from controlling by the hukou system to a market-reliant urban plan.

자궁외 임신의 조기 진단을 위한 혈청 b-hCG 정성분석의 임상적 의의

장호준(HJ Chang),오보훈(BH Oh),이재현(JH Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1982 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.25 No.4

자궁외 임신이 의심되는 환자 120명을 대상으로 GammaDab I-b-hCg radioimmunoassay kit를 이용하여, 혈청 b-hCG의 정성 및 정량분석을 실시하였고, 자궁외 임신의 다른 진단 방법과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 개복수술 후 병리조직 소견상 자궁외 임신으로 최종 확진된 환자가 80례(66.7%)이었고, 분만에 대한 자궁외 임신의 빈도는 1:23(4.22%)이었다. 2. 기왕력은 자궁내막 소파술이 가장 많아, 이환기간 이전이 79례(65.8%), 이환기간 동안이 29례(24.2%)이었고, 또 단산술이 13례(10.9%), 기왕 자궁외 임신이 4례(3.3%)로서 이환기간 동안 자궁내막 소파술을 받은 29례와 함께 46례(38.4%)가 특히 자궁외 임신의 진단에 혼선을 초래하였다. 3. 주소는 복부 동통이 112례(93.3%), 무월경이 97례(80.9%), 성기 출혈이 92례(76.7%), 자궁부속기종괴 촉지가 68례(56.7%)이었으며, 자궁외 임신인 경우 소위 자궁외 임신의 삼요소를 갖는 환자가 42례(52.5%)이었다. 4. 더글라스와 천자의 감수성은 0.899, 특이성은 0.636이었다. 5. 요 hCG 면역학적 임신반응 검사는 감수성 0.365, 특이서 0.732이었고, 임신에 대해 교정된 감수성은 0.427, 특이성은 1.000이었다. 6. 혈청 b-hCG 정성분석의 임신에 대해 교정된 감수성은 0.947, 특이성은 1.000이었고, 정량분석인 경우 각각 0.983 및 0.941로서 두 방법 사이에 큰 차이가 없었으며, 총 혈청 b-hCG RIA의 임신에 대해 교정된 감수성은 0.985, 특이성은 0.958이었다. 7. 혈청 b-hCG 가양성 11례중 10례(91.9%)가 임신과 관련되었고 1례는 난소정상피종이었으며, 가음성 1례는 무월경 15주의 유산형 난관 임신으로 실험 과정중의 오차로 사료된다. 8. 더글라스와 천자 및 혈청 b-hCG가 양성인 경우가 47례(51.6%)로서 임신과 관련된 복강내 출혈을 일으켰고, 양자 모두 음성인 경우가 12례(21.8%)로서 자궁외 임신이 전혀 없었으며, 혈청 b-hCG 가 양성이 아닌 경우에도 더글라스와 천자소견에 관계없이 0.985의 감수성으로 자궁외 임신을 배제할 수 있었다. 9. 더글라스와 천자 음성 및 요 hCG 양성이 9례(9.9%)로서 전부 임신과 관련되었고, 더글라스와 천자 음성, 요 hCG 음성 및 혈청 b-hCG 양성인 6례(6.7%)중 자궁외 임신이 4례로 이 중 3례는 난관의 파열이나 유산이 없었다. 10. 최종 진단으로 자궁외 임신 54례(59.3%), 골반내 염증성 질환 8례(8.8%), 출혈성 난소 낭종 4례 (4.4%), 절박유산이 합병된 난소 낭종 4례(4.4%), 자궁경관 협착 4례(4.4%), 기능성 자궁 출혈 3례(3.3%) 순이었고, 소위 자궁외 임신의 전형적인 삼요소를 갖는 환자의 최종 진단은 자궁외 임신 34례(66.7%), 절박 유산이 합병된 난소 낭종 4례(7.8%), 자궁경관 협착 3례(5.9%) 및 인공 유산 후 1주 이내인 상태 3례(5.9%)순이었다. There have been several reports suggesting that the assay of b-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin(b-hCG) in serum is valuable in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The present study was reports suggesting that the assay of b-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin(b-hCG) in serum is valuable in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic significance of serum b-hCg qualitative radioimmunoassay (RIA) in early ectopic pregnancy. During the period of one year from November 1, 1980 to October 31, 1981, one hundred and twenty women were clinically suspected of ectopic pregnancy. Among them, ninty one women underwent RIA for determination of serum b-hCg to rule out ectopic pregnancy. The results were as follows: 1. The proved ectopic group comprised 80 cases(66.7%) and the ratio of ectopic pregnancies to deliveries was 1:23 (4.22%). 2. Past history of dilation and curettage (D & C) on several occasions was most common(79 cases, 65.8%). Previous D & C during morbid period were 29 cases(24.2%). Total cases of recent D & C, tubal ligation, vasectomy of husband and previous ectopic pregnancy were 46 cases (38.4%), which made the diagnosis difficult. 3. The chief complaints were lower abdominal pain (112 cases, 93.3%), amenorrhea (97 cases, 80.9%), vaginal spotting (92 cases, 76.7%) and palpable adnexal mass (68 cases, 56.7%). 4. The sensitivity and specificity of culdocentesis were 0.899 and 0.636 respectively. 5. The sensitivity and specificity of the urine hCG qualitative test were 0.365 and 0.732 respectively. The corrected sensitivity and specificity for pregnancy were 0.427 and 1.000 respectively. 6. The corrected sensitivity and specificity for pregnancy of the b-hCG qualitative assay were 0.947 and 1.000 and those of the b-hCg quantitative assay were 0.983 and 0.941 respectively. It was found that there was no significant difference between both assays. Those of the b-hCG RIA as a whole were 0.985 and 0.958 respectively. 7. Of 11 cases of b-hCG positive nonectopics, 10 cases (90.9%) were related to pregnancy and 1 case was dysgerminoma. A case of b-hCG negative ectopics was abortive tubal pregnancy with 15 weeks amenorrhea. 8. Both positive results obtained from the culdocentesis and b-hCG RIA were 47 cases (51.6%) all which were patients with pregnancy-related intraperitoneal hemorrhage, while both negative results were 12 cases (21.8%) which were all nonectopics. Suspicious or negative b-hCG irrespective of the results on culdocentesis could rule out ectopic pregnancy with sensitivity of 0.985. 9. Both results of negative culdocentesis and positive urine hCG were 9 cases (9.9%) and they were all related to pregnancy. The results of negative culdocentesis, negative urine hCg and positive b-hCG were noted in 6 cases (6.7%), of which ectopic pregnancy were 4 cases and the 3 cases of ectopic pregnancy had intact tubal pregnancies. 10. The histologically confirmed final diagnoses in patients with suspected ectopic pegnancy consisted of ectopic pregnancy (54 cases, 59.3%), pelvic inflammatory disease (8 cases, 8.8%), hemorrhagic ovarian cyst(4 cases, 4.4%), threatened abortion with ovarian cyst(4 cases, 4.4%), cervical stenosis (4 cases, 4.4%), dysfunctional uterine bleeding (3 cases, 3.3%) and incomplete abortion (3 cases, 3.3%). In final diagnoses in patients with so called triad of ectopic pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy (34 cases, 66.7%), threatened abortion with ovarian cyst (4 cases, 7.8%), cervical stenosis (3 cases, 5.9%), and postcurettage state wihtin one week (3 cases, 5.9%) were the major conditions.

개혁개방 이후 중국의 농촌 토지제도 개혁: 토지도급경영권 이전(流轉) 기제의 형성을 중심으로

장호준 ( Ho Jun Chang ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2011 中國硏究 Vol.52 No.-

This article examines the process and characteristics of China`s post-1978 rural land tenure system reform in which the transfer of land-use rights has been institutionalized as a key mechanism to deal with the problems inherent to the household responsibility system (HRS). The HRS, albeit its remarkable contribution to the amelioration of rural poverty in its early stage, has exposed its side effects including the fragmentation of agricultural land plot and consequent degradation of agricultural productivity. A variety of alternative reformist models have since implemented, including farm-management model, stock-based cooperative model, and joint-contract farming model, all of which are intended to purse the economy of scale in land management based on specific local conditions. The policy line of the Party-State has accordingly centered on striking a balance between the centralization of agricultural land onto the hands of fewer numbers of farmers or farming cooperatives and the protection of the peasants` land rights and subsistence while maintaining the land ownership of the rural collectives. A series of rural land policy measures since the late 1980s, including the recent 2006 agricultural reform measures and the 2007 implementation of the Property Rights Law, clearly demonstrate the Party-State has employed the market-led transfer of land use rights as the pivotal institutional mechanism to meet both ends. Subsequently, the market of the land use rights has expanded diversifying its ways of land rights transfer. Nevertheless, Chinese rural society still faces some socio-political problems particularly involving the local governance relationship in which the differing socio-economic interests of local governments, rural collectives and peasants intersect each other.

난소의 Clear Cell Carcinoma 1례

장호준(HJ Chang),서병희(BH Suh),목정은(JE Mok),이재현(JH Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1983 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.26 No.12

비교적 희귀한 난소의 명세포암 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary was described initally as being of mesonephric origin, but is thought to originate from the pluripotential surface epithelium of the ovary. And, concominant endometriosis suggested close histogenetic kinship between clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary. So, it is classified as one of the common epithelial tumor of the ovaryin FIGO classification. Microscopically, it consists of clear or hobnail cells resembling the those of nephric clear cell carcinoma Survival rates are same as those of the other malignant ovarian tumors in stage I, but, they are much lower than those in beyond stage I. A case of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary in a 74-year old woman was presented and reviewed briefly.

YM155 처리에 의한 두경부 암 AMC-HN4 세포 세포자멸사 유도 효과

장호준(Ho Joon Chang),권택규(Taeg Kyu Kwon),김동은(Dong Eun Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

두경부암은 전세계에서 발병률이 여섯 번째로 높은 암으로 그동안 수술적 치료를 선호하였으나 광범위한 절제에 따른 기능적 장애로 인해 항암치료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 두경부암에서 cisplatin이 가장 많이 사용되는 항암제이나 cisplatin 내성이 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 부작용은 줄이고, 약제내성 기전에 대해 이해하여 암세포의 사멸은 증대시키는 새로운 항암제의 개발이 필요하다. Survivin은 inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family 중 하나로 두경부암에서 과발현되어 있다. YM155는 survivin을 억제하는 분자로 본 연구를 통해 YM155의 처리 후 두경부 암세포의 세포자멸사가 유도되며, 뇌암 세포와 신장암 세포에서도 세포자멸사가 유도됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 정상세포인 mesangial cells에는 YM155가 세포자멸사에 영향을 주지 않았다. YM155는 caspase의 활성화를 통해 세포자멸사를 촉진하며, anti-apoptotic protein인 c-FLIP, Mcl-1, survivin의 발현을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. YM155는 두경부 뿐만 아니라 다른 장기의 악성종양 치료법의 개발에 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Squamous cell carcinoma is the primary tumor type in head and neck cancers, the fifth most common malignant neoplasm world-wide. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, is highly expressed in head and neck carcinoma patients and correlated with more aggressive forms. In this study, we investigated whether YM155, a specific survivin inhibitor, could induce apoptosis in head and neck AMC-HN4 cells. YM155 was found to markedly induce apoptosis and cleavage of PARP, a marker of apoptosis. Furthermore, YM155 promoted apoptosis in other cancer cells, such as glioma (U251MG) and renal carcinoma (Caki) cells. In contrast, YM155 had no effect on apoptosis in normal mesangial cells. YM155 significantly induced caspase activation, and pan caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk markedly blocked apoptosis, PARP cleavage, and caspase-3 cleavage. Therefore, YM155 was seen to instigate caspase-dependent apoptosis in head and neck AMC-HN4 cells, inducing downregulation of survivin as well as other apoptotic proteins such as c-FLIP and Mcl-1. In addition, the induction of apoptosis and PARP cleavage by YM155 treatment was effectively inhibited in survivin-, c-FLIP- and Mcl-1-over-expressing head and neck AMC-HN4 cells. In conclusion, YM155 is a potent candidate for inducing cell death in head and neck AMC-HN4 cells.

U-형 강판 합성보의 휨성능에 관한 해석적 연구

장호준(Chang, Ho Jun),김철구(Kim, Chul-Goo),이상현(Lee, Sang-Hyun) 한국콘크리트학회 2022 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.34 No.1