경기도 6개 호소의 수질 영양단계 및 지표종에 관한 연구

임안숙,이옥민,Lim, An-Suk,Lee, Ok-Min 한국조류학회(藻類) 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.2

From six reservoirs in Gyeonggi-do, we have collected the distribution and standing crop of phytoplankton since Nov. 2005 through Sep. 2006. As a result, the phytoplankton appeared totally 340 taxa belong to 7 classes, 15 orders, 5 suborders, 32 families, 4 subfamilies, 84 genera, 283 species, 43 varieties, 9 forms and 5 unidentified species. The standing crop was shown as minimum was 0.3 × 106 cells and maximum was 5,950 × 106. The relation of standing crop with TN, TP and Chl-a showed as positive. Total 12 taxa including 2 taxa of blue-green algae occurred to every seasons at six lakes, and it was thought that they distributed in mesotrophic state. Also, Achnanthes minutissima, Aulacoseira granulata, Eudorina elegans, Gloeocystis ampla, Pandorina morum, Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium, Scenedesmus ecornis were regarded as the indicators of eutrophic state. From the estimation of LTSI and TSI, it was shown that the rest of lakes except for Idong reservoir of winter were eutrophic states.

영양염류의 농도에 따른 Micrasterias crux-melitensis의 형태변이와 생장률

임안숙,이옥민 경기대학교 기초과학연구소 2006 경기대학교 기초과학논문집 Vol.19 No.1

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: II. Heterotrophic protists and their grazing impacts on red-tide organisms

임안숙,정해진,성경아,이무준,강남선,장세현,이경하,박재연,장태영,유영두 한국조류학회I 2017 ALGAE Vol.32 No.3

Occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have resulted in considerable economic losses in the aquaculture industry in many countries, and thus predicting the process of C. polykrikoides red tides is a critical step toward minimizing those losses. Models predicting red tide dynamics define mortality due to predation as one of the most important parameters. To investigate the roles of heterotrophic protists in red tide dynamics in the South Sea of Korea, the abundances of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs), tintinnid ciliates (TCs), and naked ciliates (NCs) were measured over one- or two-week intervals from May to Nov 2014. In addition, the grazing impacts of dominant heterotrophic protists on each red tide species were estimated by combining field data on red tide species abundances and dominant heterotrophic protist grazers with data obtained from the literature concerning ingestion rates of the grazers on red tide species. The abundances of HTDs, TCs, and NCs over the course of this study were high during or after red tides, with maximum abundances of 82, 49, and 35 cells mL-1, respectively. In general, the dominant heterotrophic protists differed when different species caused red tides. The HTDs Polykrikos spp. and NCs were abundant during or after C. polykrikoides red tides. The mean and maximum calculated grazing coefficients of Polykrikos spp. and NCs on populations of co-occurring C. polykrikoides were 1.63 d-1 and 12.92 d-1, respectively. Moreover, during or after red tides dominated by the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Ceratium furca, and Alexandrium fraterculus, which formed serial red tides prior to the occurrence of C. polykrikoides red tides, the HTDs Gyrodinium spp., Polykrikos spp., and Gyrodinium spp., respectively were abundant. The maximum calculated grazing coefficients attribu table to dominant heterotrophic protists on co-occurring P. donghaiense, C. furca, and A. fraterculus were 13.12, 4.13, and 2.00 d-1, respectively. Thus, heterotrophic protists may sometimes have considerable potential grazing impacts on populations of these four red tide species in the study area.

Morphology and Molecular Characterization of the Epiphytic Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cf. rhathymum in Temperate Waters off Jeju Island, Korea

임안숙,정해진,장태영,강남선,이성연,김형섭,유영두 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean science journal Vol.48 No.1

Prorocentrum spp. are planktonic and/or benthic species. Benthic Prorocentrum species are of primary concern to scientists and the public because some of them are toxic. We established clonal cultures of 3 strains of Prorocentrum species that were collected from the thalli of a macroalga in the coastal waters off Jeju Island, located at the southern end of Korea. The Korean strains of P. cf. rhathymum, which are morphologically almost identical to the Virgin Island strain of P. rhathymum, were different from P. mexicanum because the former dinoflagellate has one simple collar-like spine in the periflagellar area, while the latter dinoflagellate has a 2- or 3-horned spine. In addition, the sequences of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA of the Korean strains were identical to those of the Malaysian and Floridian strains of P. rhathymum, while the sequences of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA of the Korean strains were 0.1-0.9% different from those of the Iranian and Malaysian strains of P. rhathymum. In phylogenetic trees based on the SSU rDNA sequences, the Korean strains of P. rhathymum formed a clade with the Malaysian and Floridian strains of P. rhathymum and the Vietnamese and Polynesian strains of P. mexicanum. However, in phylogenetic trees based on the LSU rDNA sequences, the Korean strains of P. rhathymum formed a clade with the Iranian strain of P. rhathymum and the Spanish and Mexican strains of P. mexicanum. Therefore, the molecular characterization of the Korean strains does not allow us to clearly classify them as P. rhathymum, nor P. mexicanum, although their morphology has so far been reported to be closer to that of P. rhathymum than P. mexicanum and thus we designated them as P. cf. rhathymum.

경기도내 5기 석조문화재의 기중조류의 분포와 조류 서식 등급

임안숙,이옥민,Lim, An-Suk,Lee, Ok-Min 한국조류학회(藻類) 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.4

We have conducted the study of distribution and inhabitation of the aerial algae from five stone cultural properties located in Gyeonggi-do. A total of 21 taxa were identified, among which 8 taxa of cyanophytes, 12 taxa of cholorophytes and one diatom species. Protococcus viridis, Ulothrix zonata, Synechocystis aquatilis and Chroococcus varius occurred in 15, 9, 8 and 7 study sites, respectively. These coccoid types appeared more frequently than filamentous types. In this study, Chlorococcum infusionum, Cylindrocystis gracilis, Klebsormidium crenulatum, Klebsormidium dissectum and Klebsormidium flaccidium newly recorded from Korea. We found that 80% of stone cultural properties had aerial algae and their 58-84% were grouped into Class 5 based on chlorophyll-a concentration.

국내 5기의 석조문화재에 분포하는 기중조류와 생물학적 등급에 관한 연구

임안숙,이옥민,Lim, An-Suk,Lee, Ok-Min 한국조류학회(藻類) 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of research was to find aerial algae and to investigate the change of color in each class of photosynthetic pigments in five stone cultural properties of Korea. It turned out to be a total of 29 taxa, including as 26 species, 1 variety and 2 unidentified species. Among them, Haplaosiphon fontinalis and Stigonema turfaceum were found to be newly recorded species of Korea. The average Chl-a concentration from the change of color in the stone cultural properties increased as its class; however, the class 5 showed lower values than the class 4, which was shown in previous studies. From the studies of algal distribution, chlorophytes appeared earlier than cyanophytes in stone cultural properties of algal infestation. Also, 50% or more of the five stone cultural properties already appeared to have bio-pollution.

효의식과 관련된 청소년의 보호요인과 위험요인에 관한 연구

정정애,임안숙,김명희 한국효학회 2016 효학연구 Vol.0 No.23

본 연구는 발달의 과도기에 있는 청소년을 대상으로 효의식과 관련된 보호요인과 위험요인에 관한 연구로서 자아존중감과 부모의 양육행동, 또래관계가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 효의식의 중요성을 고취시킴으로써 청소년의 건강한 발달과 지도에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위한 목적을 두었으며 고등학교 1, 2학년 남학생 178명을 대상으로 한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 변인중에서 청소년의 자아존중감은 보호요인으로, 부모양육행동에서 애정이외의 하위요인은 위험요인으로, 또래관계에서 갈등과 배신은 위험요인으로, 학교생활적응은 보호요인으로 본 결과 이들 변인들간의 상관관계는 자아존중감과 또래관계, 자아존중감과 학교생활적응, 부모양육행동과 학교생활적응, 또래관계와 학교생활적응 간에 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향력 분석 결과에서는 자아존중감에서 가정적 자아존중감, 사회적 자아존중감, 학교 자아존중감 등의 보호요인이 학교생활에 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 부모양육행동의 보호요인 중 애정이 학교생활적응에 긍정적인 여향을 주었으며 위험요인에서는 비일관성, 학대가 학교생활적응에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또래관계의 보호요인으로 인정과 돌봄, 갈등해결이 학교생활적응에 유의미한 영향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 보이는 변인들의 중심에는 효의식과 관련이 있는 부모와의 관계가 부정적 행동을 감소시키는 완충적 역할을 한 것으로 파악되므로 청소년의 개인적 · 환경적 변인들이 효의식과 연관성을 갖고 연구된다면 더욱 바람직한 결과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study of adolescents self esteem and parenting behaviors, peer relationships on school adjustment by examining the impact on school adjustment factors to be identified, as well as the academic basis and students to engage in school life satisfaction the establishment of policies that can be performed to allow. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Background variables first in the self esteem, parenting behaviors, peer relationships, School Life Adjustment did not differ. In other words, one high school, two grade boys' self esteem, parenting behaviors, peer relationships, school life adjustment by the background variables did not differ. Second, self esteem, affecting school life adjustment. Self esteem in school life adjustment analysis of the impact of high school, two grade male students with low self esteem factor of a hypothetical self esteem, social self esteem, school self esteem had a significant impact on school life adjustment. In general, however, self esteem did not have a significant effect. The third parenting behaviors affected school life adjustment. Parenting behaviors in the school life adjustment analysis of the impact of high school, two grade male students with lower factor of parenting inconsistency, abuse, affectionate significant impact on school life adjustment can be interpreted. However, director, reasoning, excessive expectations, excessive interference, harassment, did not affect the affections. The fourth peer relationships affected school life adjustment. Peer relationships in the school life adjustment analysis of the impact of high school, two grade male students with lower factor of peer recognition and caring relationships, conflict resolution had a significant impact on school life adjustment. Conflict and betrayal, books and entertainment, help and patience, mutual intimacy did not have a significant effect. This study of high school, two grade boys were conducted with 178 people. Thus, the research scope is somewhat biased hagieneun generalize the results of this study have certain limitations. The future of the country that the data can be generalized to apply sophisticated research designs and methods are expected to be further studied. To increase the students' school life adjustment of the student self esteem, parenting behavior, and the impact of the student's peer relationships between variables in more detail the relationship will have to be found. Based on these results, the more satisfied the students to engage in school policy is hoped to be taken.

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: I. Temporal variations in three-dimensional distributions of red-tide organisms and environmental factors

정해진,임안숙,이기택,이무준,성경아,강남선,장세현,이경하,이승연,김미옥,김지혜,권지은,강희창,김재성,이원호,신경순,장풍국,유주현,김성용,박재연,김광용 한국조류학회I 2017 ALGAE Vol.32 No.2

The ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industryin the waters of Korea and other countries. Predicting outbreak of C. polykrikoides red tides 1-2 weeks in advance is a criticalstep in minimizing losses. In the South Sea of Korea, large C. polykrikoides red tide patches have often been recordedoffshore and transported to nearshore waters. To explore the processes of offshore C. polykrikoides red tides, temporalvariations in 3-dimensional (3-D) distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters were investigatedby analyzing 4,432 water samples collected from 2-5 depths of 60 stations in the South Sea, Korea 16 times from May toNov, 2014. In the study area, the vegetative cells of C. polykrikoides were found as early as May 7, but C. polykrikoides redtide patches were observed from Aug 21 until Oct 9. Cochlodinium red tides occurred in both inner and outer stations. Prior to the occurrence of large C. polykrikoides red tides, the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense(Jun 12 to Jul 11), Ceratium furca (Jul 11 to Aug 21), and Alexandrium fraterculus (Aug 21) formed red tides in sequence,and diatom red tides formed 2-3 times without a certain distinct pattern. The temperature for the optimal growth of thesefour red tide dinoflagellates is known to be similar. Thus, the sequence of the maximum growth rates of P. donghaiense >C. furca > A. fraterculus > C. polykrikoides may be partially responsible for this sequence of red tides in the inner stationsfollowing high nutrients input in the surface waters because of heavy rains. Furthermore, Cochlodinium red tides formedand persisted at the outer stations when NO3 concentrations of the surface waters were <2 μM and thermocline depthswere >20 m with the retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of the competing red-tide species was relatively low. The sequence of the maximum swimming speeds and thus potential reachable depths of C. polykrikoides > A. fraterculus > C. furca > P. donghaiense may be responsible for the large C. polykrikoides red tides after the small blooms of the otherdinoflagellates. Thus, C. polykrikoides is likely to outgrow over the competitors at the outer stations by descending todepths >20 m and taking nutrients up from deep cold waters. Thus, to predict the process of Cochlodinium red tides inthe study area, temporal variations in 3-D distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters showingmajor nutrient sources, formation and depth of thermoclines, intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundanceof competing red tide species should be well understood.

atpB 유전자 염기서열을 이용한 Staurastrum 속과 Staurodesmus 속 (Zygnemophyceae, Streptophyta)의 계통학적 연구

문병렬,임안숙,안재현,박정훈,이옥민,Moo, Byeong-Ryeol,Lim, An-Suk,Ahn, Jae-Hyun,Park, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Ok-Min 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.4

We analyzed chloroplast ATP synthetase beta subunit(atpB) sequences from 32 strains of the zygnemophycean green algae, Staurastrum, Staurodesmus, and a single species of Xanthidium. A total of 42 atpB sequences including previously published ones was aligned for phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenies were validated with bootstrap analysis and Kishino-Hasegawa test. Taxa of Staurastrum excluding S. muticum indicate that they can be characterized by taxa having the ornamented cell wall or the process of cells. However, the genus Staurodesmus was grouped with taxa having the smooth cell wall and the absence of process or arms. The results suggest that the genus Staurodesmus could be extended to include Staurastrum muticum, Desmidium, Onychonema and Xanthidium. Further taxon sampling of Staurodesmus and putative relatives is necessary for a solid classification of the genus.

Feeding by the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Aduncodinium glandula: having the most diverse prey species in the family Pfiesteriaceae

장세현,정해진,임안숙,권지은,강남선 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.1

To explore the feeding ecology of the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Aduncodinium glandula in the family Pfiesteriaceae, its feeding behavior and prey species were investigated. Additionally, the growth and ingestion rates of A. glandula on the mixotrophic dinoflagellates Heterocapsa triquetra and Akashiwo sanguinea, its optimal and suboptimal prey, respectively were measured. A. glandula fed on prey through a peduncle after anchoring to the prey using a tow filament. A. glandula ate all algal prey and perch blood cells tested and had the most diverse prey species in the family Pfiesteriaceae. Unlike for other pfiesteriacean species, H. triquetra and A. sanguinea support the positive growth of A. glandula. However, the cryptophytes Rhodomonas salina and Teleaulax sp. and the phototrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae did not support the positive growth of A. glandula. Thus, A. glandula may have a unique kind of prey and its optimal prey differs from that of the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea increased rapidly and then slowed or became saturated. The maximum growth rates when feeding on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 1.004 and 0.567 d−1, respectively. Further, the maximum ingestion rates of A. glandula on H. triquetra and A. sanguinea were 0.75 and 1.38 ng C predator−1 d−1, respectively. There is no other pfiesteriacean species having H. triquetra and A. sanguinea as optimal and suboptimal prey. Thus, A. glandula may be abundant during blooms dominated by these species not preferred by the other pfiesteriacean dinoflagellates.