李德馨의 임진왜란 중 외교 활동

이철성(Lee Chul-Sung) 한국인물사연구소 2007 한국인물사연구 Vol.7 No.-

This paper examines activities by Lee Deok-hyeong, a diplomat and statesman from the beginning to the end of the Imjinwaeran. Lee played an important role in having Ming forces dispatched to Chosun early in the war. He also was a diplomatic expert who took the charge of treating Ming's generals and gave the conditions and information about Ming's and Japan's forces. During peace negotiation, he not only played the role of a diplomat but also participated in the creation of new military forces to make efforts to cultivate soldiers and expand military facilities. He also established plans for defending Chosun from Yeojin. During re invasion by Japan, Lee transmitted information about the conditions of Ming Japan peace negotiation, and tried to make a favor for Chosun. As such, Lee's diplomatic activities were carried out not based on justification but in a substantial dimension. His opinion apparently is seen as based on toadyism and peace orientation that Chosun should ask Ming to send military forces and dispatch an envoy to Japan. However, Lee tried to change Ming's passive attitude toward combats by means of diplomatic activities, and positively advocated Ming's generals who stood for active engagement. He also claimed that Chosun should give chase to receding Japanese forces and then subjugate Tsusima. Deok hyeong was a clever diplomat who coped with matters in the position of pragmatism.

조선후기 고려홍삼 무역량의 변동과 의미

이철성,Lee, Chulsung 고려인삼학회 2019 인삼문화 Vol.1 No.-

This study tried to evaluate the official Korea Red Ginseng(Hongsam) trade in 19th century. The Hongsam trade activities of the 19th century also show that the collected amount of Posam taxes (Hongsam taxes) alone outweigh the amount of cost spent during the same time period to launch tributary actions. It is quite obvious that the Chosun dynasty, supported by the developed techniques of ginseng cultivation and preservation methods, managed to stop the silver leaks while also stimulating the domestic commerce, handicraft business and mining operations, by exporting Hongsam to China and importing raw material and other finished products in return. The Chosun government also managed to secure considerable amount of marginal profit which at times mounted to almost 2 hundred thousand Nyangs of silver during the latter half of the 19th century thanks to this Hongsam trade activities, and accumulated the hoof-shaped pieces of silver ingot at the office of Ministry of Taxation. Even under the mostly undesirable political environment featuring unjustified deeds of the powerful houses, the commercial activities were being strongly maintained, and the transactions conducted by merchants of the Gaeseong, Euiju areas and the capital city were prospering.

사립대학의 재정과 세제문제

이철성,Lee, Cheol-Seong 한국대학교육협의회 1983 大學敎育 Vol.6 No.-

18·19세기 조선과 일본의 인삼 재배기록 비교연구

이철성(Chul-Sung Lee) 한국세계문화사학회 2021 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.- No.60

이 연구는 18-19세기 조선과 일본의 인삼재배 기록에 나타나는 저술의 목적과 배경 그리고 재배 기술을 비교하여 인삼 재배법의 수준과 그 의미를 규명하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 밭에서 키우는 인삼재배 역사는 문헌 부재라는 현실적 장벽에 부딪혀 분명히 밝혀지지 못하고 있다. 그러나 인삼재배는 임진왜란과 병자호란 이후 동아시아의 인삼 무역네트워크의 토대를 밝히는 근본적 연구임이 분명하다. 조선의 인삼재배와 일본의 조선인삼 시험재배 기록을 살피는 것은, 한일 인삼 산업의 토대와 수준을 가늠하고, 19세기 이후 중국시장에서 조선 인삼의 비중을 이해하는 가교역할을 하기 때문이다. 이에 본고에서는 19세기 서유구의 『임원경제지(林園經濟志)』 중 <인삼(人蔘)>이 18세기 이후 농서 상 인삼경작의 핵심적인 내용을 총정리한 이론서라면 이학규의 『낙하생집(洛下生集)』 중 <삼서>는 핵심 이론을 전제한 위에서 현장의 재배 기술과 경험을 나눌 수 있는 활용서라고 평가하였다. 한편 사카노우에의 『조선인삼경작기(朝鮮人蔘耕作記)』와 이학규의 『낙하생집(洛下生集)』 중 <삼서(蔘書)>의 기록을 비교 검토하여, 전자가 조선 인삼의 시험 재배단계의 내용을 삽화를 섞어 알기 쉽게 저술한 보고서라면, 후자는 인삼의 생태학적 특징과 재배단계별 내용이 이론적·실용적으로 종합 정리되는 단계의 기록이었다고 평가하였다. This study aims to understand the level and meaning of ginseng cultivation methods by comparing the purpose, background, and cultivation techniques of the 18th and 19th centuries of Joseon and Japan s ginseng cultivation records. The history of ginseng cultivation in the fields has not been clearly revealed due to the lack of literature. However, it is clear that ginseng cultivation is a fundamental study that sheds light on the foundation of the ginseng trade network in East Asia after the Japanese Invasion of Korea[壬辰倭亂] and the Manchu Invasion of Korea[丙子胡亂]. The reason why Joseon’s ginseng cultivation and Japan’s cultivation records are being examined is because they serve as a bridge between the foundation and level of the Korean and Japanese ginseng industry and understand the proportion of Korean ginseng in the Chinese market after the 19th century. Accordingly, if “Insam[人蔘]” in the 19th century’s “Imwonkyeongjeji[林園經濟志]” is a theory that summarizes the core contents of ginseng cultivation in agricultural books after the 18th century, Lee Hak-kyu’s “Samseo[蔘書]” in “Nakhasaengjip[洛下生集]” is a guide to sharing cultivation skills and experiences in the field on the premise of core theory. On the other hand, According to Sakanoue s “JoseonInsamkyongjakgi[朝鮮人蔘耕作記]” and Lee Hak-kyu’s “Nakhasaengjip”, the former is a simple experimental report written by mixing illustrations of the test cultivation stages of Joseon ginseng, the latter evaluated that the ecological characteristics of ginseng and the contents of each cultivation stage were theoretically and practically organized.

전통시장 내 소매경쟁이 임대료에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이철성 ( Lee Chul Sung ),김장현 ( Kim Janghyun ) 한국유통경영학회 2018 유통경영학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The government policy on the traditional market has been made in order to prevent the decrease of sales in the traditional market due to competition with large retailers and to maintain and activate the foundation of local economy. However, large retailers have recently entered the traditional market through convenience stores, commodity supply stores, and food materials mart. Recently, it has been opened through convenience stores. Traditional market erosion caused by these large distributors affects sales decline, and in the long run, it may lead to a decline in real estate value and the traditional market may disappear. However, research on retail competition is lacking. Therefore, this study will examine the relationship between retail competition and rent in traditional markets based on the researches of Lee Chul-sung Kim Young ki, Kim Seung-hee (2018) and Kim Seung-hee, Lee Chul-sung and Kim Young-ki (2018). For this purpose, we conducted empirical analysis on the relationship between them based on the data of the market promotion corporation and the Korean appraisal agency. The results of the study are as follows. First, SSM and commodity supply store in traditional markets lower rent per unit area of stores. These findings are consistent with the findings of Kim Seung-hee, Lee Chul-sung, and Kim Young-ki (2018) that the entry of these firms negatively affects the vacancy rate of traditional markets. Second, Hanaro mart's entry has a negative effect on store rents. These results imply that Hanaro Mart should be regarded as a large-scale retailer or a target to be excluded from the retail industry development law and has a negative impact on the traditional market. Finally, it was found that the number of food materials mart and other mart in traditional markets did not affect store rents.

온라인 구매상황에서 구전 정보의 정보적 특성이 구전 수용에 미치는 영향: 신뢰성과 유용성의 매개적 역할

이철성 ( Chul Sung Lee ),이호배 ( Ho Bae Lee ),이상문 ( Sang Moon Lee ),김장현 ( Jang Hyun Kim ) 한국유통경영학회 2013 유통경영학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Today, the development of internet brings many changes in information exploration and acceptance. Not only the customers can meet much information about product or service by quick and easy search, but also they make information by themselves or can pass made or making information. In other words, customers are progressive information explorer and publisher on online. In this sense, one of most. interesting topic recently is online word-or-mouth communication. Existing studies about word-of-mouth arc interested in resource of information, but online word-of-mouth is likely to be changed by informational viewpoint more than social one because of anonymity. In this sense, this study is finding in sense of informational viewpoint which is studied in social viewpoint, and word-of-mouth information features act in accept of word-of-mouth by credibility. The results of this study are next things. First, the higher agreement of word-of-mouth, the more credibility of information is. Second, the higher vividness of word-of-mouth, the more credibility of information is. Third, the higher credibility of word-of-mouth information, accept of word-of-mouth information is. The last, informational feature of word-of-mouth affect in accept of world-of-mouth mediated by credibility.

특집 : 연행(燕行)의 문화사 ; 조선후기 연행무역과 수출입 품목

이철성 ( Chul Sung Lee ) 한국실학학회 2010 한국실학연구 Vol.0 No.20

이 논문은 그 동안 대청무역 연구가 정작 수출입품 자체에 대한 관심에는 소홀했다는 반성에서 출발하여, 개별적인 수출입 품목을 대상으로 조선 사회의 경제적 배경과 문화사적 접근을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 1장에서는 의주부(義州府) 수검소(搜檢所)의 자료를 중심으로, 18·19세기 조선의 수출품과 수입품을 종합적으로 파악해 보았다. 2장에서는 수출 품목인 담배, 해삼, 홍삼에 초점을 두었다. 담배는 16세기 후반부터 17세기 전반까지 중국에서의 흡연 인구 급증을 배경으로 하여 조선의 대표적 수출 상품이 되었다. 해삼은 다시마·미역과 함께 조선시대 전 기간에 걸친 ``잡물무역(雜物貿易)``의 핵심 물종이었다. 홍삼은 19세기 농산 가공물로서 조선 최고의 브랜드 상품이었다. 이들 물품은 어떻게 보면 일본에서 은이 부족해진 시기에 활발히 진행되었던 ``표물무역(俵物貿易)``과 같은 상품이었다. 3장에서는 수입품으로서 모자, 수은, 붕사, 주홍 등을 검토하였다. 모자는 18세기 중후반 조선 사회의 수입 주력 품목이었으나 은화의 유출이 심한 품목이었다. 수은, 붕사, 주홍 등은 조선사회 다방면의 수요에 기반을 두고 수입되었는데, 완제품이 아니라 원재료 혹은 사치성 소비재 생산과정과 연관되어 있다는 점에서 주목했다. 교역품목에 대한 소재적 접근 방법으로써 대청무역의 성격을 규명할 수는 없다. 그러나 무역상품에 대한 규명 없이 무역의 구조와 흐름만을 논의해서도 곤란할 것이다. 소재적 접근이 갖는 한계점은 추후 지속적으로 보완해 갈 것이다. Starting from the reflection that previous studies on trade with the Qing Dynasty have been inattentive to export and import goods, this study approached individual export and import goods through the economic background and cultural history of Chosun society. For this, Chapter I examined goods exported from and imported to Chosun in the 18th and 19th centuries based on materials from the inspection station in Euiju(義州府 搜檢所). Chapter II focused on export goods tobacco, sea cucumber and red ginseng. Tobacco became Chosun`s representative export goods with the rapid expansion of the smoking population in China from the late 16th century to the early 17th century. In addition, together with tangle and brown seaweed, sea cucumber was a key item of sundry trade(雜物) throughout the entire period of the Chosun Dynasty. Red ginseng was a processed agricultural product and the best brand of Chosun in the 19th century. In some sense, these goods may fall into the category of bale trade, which was active in Japan when silver was in shortage. Chapter III examined import goods hat, mercury, borax and cinnabar. Hat was one of main import items of Chosun society in the mid and late 18th century, but it caused the heavy outflow of silver coins. Mercury, borax and cinnabar were imported to meet demands in various areas of Chosun society, and we took note of the fact that they were not finished products but raw materials and were connected to the production of luxury consumer goods. We cannot explain the nature of trade with the Qing Dynasty through approaching the materials of trade goods. On the other hand, it may be problematic to discuss the structure and flow of trade without explaining trade goods. The limitations in the material approach will be supplemented through continuous research.

누소관 열상 환자에서 Mini-Monoka 와 Bicanalicular Stent를 이용한 누소관성형술

이철성(Cheol Sung Lee),정성기(Sang Ki Jeong),박영걸(Yeoung Geol Park) 대한안과학회 1999 대한안과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

기업의 SNS활동이 기업이미지 제고에 미치는 영향

이철성(Chul Sung Lee),이호배(Ho Bae Lee) 한국마케팅학회 2013 마케팅연구 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 기업이미지 제고를 위하여 페이스북, 트위터, 마이크로 블로그 등과 같은 SNS를 기업의 커뮤니케이션 채널로 이용하는 경우, 기업을 대표하는 SNS관리자와 최고경영자(CEO)로 구분하여 기업이미지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석하였다. 기업이미지에 대한 평가가 기업의 SNS관리주체에 따라 다르게 나타나는지를 살펴보았고, 이용자들이 기업이미지를 평가하는 과정에 있어 자기애, 자존감과 같은 심리적 변수가 영향을 미치는지 그리고 이들간의 관계를 사회적 현존감(social presence)이라는 개념을 통하여 설명하였다. 이를 위하여 실제 페이스북 이용자들을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 자극물은 기업의 사회적 활동을 대상으로 하여 작성되었으며, 기업을 대표하는 SNS관리자(기업명 사용)와 최고경영자(기업의 대표이사 성명 사용)를 이용하여 구분하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 기업의 SNS관리주체가 SNS관리자인 경우에 비하여 최고경영자(CEO)인 경우, 이용자들이 기업이미지를 더 호의적으로 평가하였다. 또한 이러한 영향에 있어 자기애와 자존감의 관계가 조절적 역할을 하였는데, 자기애가 높고 자존감이 높은 경우와 자기애가 낮고 자존감이 낮은 경우에 이러한 효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SNS관리주체가 사회적 존재감을 통해 기업이미지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 기업이 이미지 제고를 위한 SNS를 사용함에 있어 더 효과적인 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 시사점을 제시하고 후속 연구를 위한 제안을 한다. SNS(Social Network Service)s such as Tweeter, Facebook, Cyworld, and microblog have become the popular communication tools recently. Particularly the rapid diffusion of smartphone has made it possible any place and any time. People could use SNS for a variety of individual purposes, which one of them is interpersonal relationship. SNS could provide the new opportunity for the effective communication between customers and companies. SNS is web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. The nature of these connections may vary from site to site. Facebook is the one of the most popular SNS. So the scope of this study is restricted to Facebook activities as SNS. Already many companies have operated Facebook pages for their brands. As Facebook is designed for two motivations(connect and share), people are connected with other people and can rapidly share information for themselves through Facebook. This study examined how the type of Facebook Fan page manager could influence on corporate image. The corporate Facebook Fan page would be managed by SNS manager of the corporate or CEO(chief executive officer). This study suggested hypotheses as followed; First, the type of SNS manager would influence on the corporate image. Second, the level of narcissism and self-esteem moderate the effect of Facebook Fan page manager type on corporate image, Lastly, social presence mediate the link between the type of Facebook Fan page manager and corporate image. Also social presence mediate the link between the three-way interaction of the type of Facebook Fan page manager, the level of narcissism, the level of self-esteem, and corporate image. To test those hypotheses empirically, we collected the data from 140 subjects who were randomly assigned to one of two conditions(type of Facebook Fan page manager; SNS manager and CEO). The research findings were summarized as follows: First, The result showed that CEO as Facebook Fan page manager had more significant influence on corporate image(t = 1.746, p = .042, one-tailed test) than SNS manager. This means that participants with CEO manipulation evaluate corporate image more favorable than participants with SNS manager manipulation. Second, there is a significant interaction effect among the type of Facebook Fan page manager, the level of narcissism, and the level of self-esteem(F = 4.939, p < .028). In detail, a two-way effect of the type of Facebook Fan page manager, the level of narcissism with higher self-esteem was significant(F = 2.833, p = .048, one-tailed test) but a two-way effect of the type of Facebook Fan page manager, the level of Narcissism with lower self-esteem was not significant(F = 1.992, p = .163). And the effect of the type of Facebook Fan page manager was significant when narcissism and self-esteem was higher(t = 1.857, p = .038, one-tailed test) and narcissism and self-esteem was lower(t = 2.2725, p = .030). Lastly, the mediating role of social presence between the type of Facebook Fan page manager and corporate image was founded. Thus the type of SNS manager would influence the enhancement of corporate image though full mediating role of social presence.

한글 마이크로블로그 텍스트의 감정 분류 및 분석

이철성(Cheolseong Lee),최동희(Donghee Choi),김성순(Seongsoon Kim),강재우(Jaewoo Kang) 한국정보과학회 2013 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.40 No.3

지금까지 국내에서는 우리말을 이용하여 긍?부정을 판단하는 감성분석연구(sentiment analysis)가 주를 이뤘고, 여러 감정으로 분류하는 감정분석연구(emotion analysis)는 진행되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한글 문서를 기반으로 기계학습 모델을 적용하여 7개의 감정으로 분류하고 그 결과를 영화평에 적용하여 영화 장르별 감정특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 기계학습 모델 중 ‘다항 네이브 베이즈(Multinomial Naive Bayes) 모델이 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다. 이 모델을 ‘네이버 40자 영화평’에 적용하여 영화 100편에 해당하는 영화평의 감정을 분류하고, 요인분석(factor analysis)하였다. 그 결과, ‘생동감’과 ‘우울’이 상반되는 감정임을 알 수 있었고, 영화평에 나타난 ‘친근감’은 영화의 평점에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, ‘분노’, ‘혼란’, ‘피로감’은 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 ‘생동감’과 ‘우울’은 영화의 평점에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 단일감정을 특성으로 하는 4개의 장르 즉, 공포-‘긴장감’, 코미디-‘생동감’, 멜로/애정/로맨스-‘친근감’, 범죄-‘혼란’이 영화 장르별 감정 특성으로 나타났다. 트위터(Twitter)로부터 수집한 데이터를 이용하여 ‘네이버 40자 영화평’에 적용한 이번 연구는 데이터의 성격을 넘어, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 실제 응용분야에서 적용 가능함을 보여준다. Recent studies in Korean sentiment analysis mostly focus on binary classification such as ‘positive’ or ‘negative’. However, there are few researches have discussed on emotion analysis which involves classifying opinions into multiple categories. In this paper, we have developed machine learning models based on Korean document and applied these classifiers to movie reviews to extract emotional features of various movie genres. We used Multinominal Naive Bayes model which shows best classification accuracy. Employing this model, we performed factor analysis on the movie review dataset distributed by “Naver” for 100 movies. The experimental result shows that ‘vigor’ and ‘depression’ are opposite emotions. Meanwhile, ‘friendliness’ positively influences on movie rating, by contrast, ‘anger’, ‘confusion’ and ‘fatigue’ affect negatively. Also we have found 4 movie genres which has single emotional feature as follows: horror-‘anxiety’, comedy-‘vigor’, romance/love-‘friendliness’ and crime-‘confusion’. Finally, cross-corpus evaluation using “Twitter” and “Naver” movie review dataset demonstrates that our proposed method can be applicable in practical applications over various data attributes.