李德馨의 임진왜란 중 외교 활동

이철성(Lee Chul-Sung) 한국인물사연구소 2007 한국인물사연구 Vol.7 No.-

This paper examines activities by Lee Deok-hyeong, a diplomat and statesman from the beginning to the end of the Imjinwaeran. Lee played an important role in having Ming forces dispatched to Chosun early in the war. He also was a diplomatic expert who took the charge of treating Ming's generals and gave the conditions and information about Ming's and Japan's forces. During peace negotiation, he not only played the role of a diplomat but also participated in the creation of new military forces to make efforts to cultivate soldiers and expand military facilities. He also established plans for defending Chosun from Yeojin. During re invasion by Japan, Lee transmitted information about the conditions of Ming Japan peace negotiation, and tried to make a favor for Chosun. As such, Lee's diplomatic activities were carried out not based on justification but in a substantial dimension. His opinion apparently is seen as based on toadyism and peace orientation that Chosun should ask Ming to send military forces and dispatch an envoy to Japan. However, Lee tried to change Ming's passive attitude toward combats by means of diplomatic activities, and positively advocated Ming's generals who stood for active engagement. He also claimed that Chosun should give chase to receding Japanese forces and then subjugate Tsusima. Deok hyeong was a clever diplomat who coped with matters in the position of pragmatism.

사립대학의 재정과 세제문제

이철성,Lee, Cheol-Seong 한국대학교육협의회 1983 大學敎育 Vol.6 No.-

조선후기 고려홍삼 무역량의 변동과 의미

이철성,Lee, Chulsung 고려인삼학회 2019 인삼문화 Vol.1 No.-

This study tried to evaluate the official Korea Red Ginseng(Hongsam) trade in 19th century. The Hongsam trade activities of the 19th century also show that the collected amount of Posam taxes (Hongsam taxes) alone outweigh the amount of cost spent during the same time period to launch tributary actions. It is quite obvious that the Chosun dynasty, supported by the developed techniques of ginseng cultivation and preservation methods, managed to stop the silver leaks while also stimulating the domestic commerce, handicraft business and mining operations, by exporting Hongsam to China and importing raw material and other finished products in return. The Chosun government also managed to secure considerable amount of marginal profit which at times mounted to almost 2 hundred thousand Nyangs of silver during the latter half of the 19th century thanks to this Hongsam trade activities, and accumulated the hoof-shaped pieces of silver ingot at the office of Ministry of Taxation. Even under the mostly undesirable political environment featuring unjustified deeds of the powerful houses, the commercial activities were being strongly maintained, and the transactions conducted by merchants of the Gaeseong, Euiju areas and the capital city were prospering.

18·19세기 조선과 일본의 인삼 재배기록 비교연구

이철성(Chul-Sung Lee) 한국세계문화사학회 2021 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.- No.60

이 연구는 18-19세기 조선과 일본의 인삼재배 기록에 나타나는 저술의 목적과 배경 그리고 재배 기술을 비교하여 인삼 재배법의 수준과 그 의미를 규명하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 밭에서 키우는 인삼재배 역사는 문헌 부재라는 현실적 장벽에 부딪혀 분명히 밝혀지지 못하고 있다. 그러나 인삼재배는 임진왜란과 병자호란 이후 동아시아의 인삼 무역네트워크의 토대를 밝히는 근본적 연구임이 분명하다. 조선의 인삼재배와 일본의 조선인삼 시험재배 기록을 살피는 것은, 한일 인삼 산업의 토대와 수준을 가늠하고, 19세기 이후 중국시장에서 조선 인삼의 비중을 이해하는 가교역할을 하기 때문이다. 이에 본고에서는 19세기 서유구의 『임원경제지(林園經濟志)』 중 <인삼(人蔘)>이 18세기 이후 농서 상 인삼경작의 핵심적인 내용을 총정리한 이론서라면 이학규의 『낙하생집(洛下生集)』 중 <삼서>는 핵심 이론을 전제한 위에서 현장의 재배 기술과 경험을 나눌 수 있는 활용서라고 평가하였다. 한편 사카노우에의 『조선인삼경작기(朝鮮人蔘耕作記)』와 이학규의 『낙하생집(洛下生集)』 중 <삼서(蔘書)>의 기록을 비교 검토하여, 전자가 조선 인삼의 시험 재배단계의 내용을 삽화를 섞어 알기 쉽게 저술한 보고서라면, 후자는 인삼의 생태학적 특징과 재배단계별 내용이 이론적·실용적으로 종합 정리되는 단계의 기록이었다고 평가하였다. This study aims to understand the level and meaning of ginseng cultivation methods by comparing the purpose, background, and cultivation techniques of the 18th and 19th centuries of Joseon and Japan s ginseng cultivation records. The history of ginseng cultivation in the fields has not been clearly revealed due to the lack of literature. However, it is clear that ginseng cultivation is a fundamental study that sheds light on the foundation of the ginseng trade network in East Asia after the Japanese Invasion of Korea[壬辰倭亂] and the Manchu Invasion of Korea[丙子胡亂]. The reason why Joseon’s ginseng cultivation and Japan’s cultivation records are being examined is because they serve as a bridge between the foundation and level of the Korean and Japanese ginseng industry and understand the proportion of Korean ginseng in the Chinese market after the 19th century. Accordingly, if “Insam[人蔘]” in the 19th century’s “Imwonkyeongjeji[林園經濟志]” is a theory that summarizes the core contents of ginseng cultivation in agricultural books after the 18th century, Lee Hak-kyu’s “Samseo[蔘書]” in “Nakhasaengjip[洛下生集]” is a guide to sharing cultivation skills and experiences in the field on the premise of core theory. On the other hand, According to Sakanoue s “JoseonInsamkyongjakgi[朝鮮人蔘耕作記]” and Lee Hak-kyu’s “Nakhasaengjip”, the former is a simple experimental report written by mixing illustrations of the test cultivation stages of Joseon ginseng, the latter evaluated that the ecological characteristics of ginseng and the contents of each cultivation stage were theoretically and practically organized.

브랜드로서의 문화가 갖는 지각된 글로벌성과 문화전이효과: 남미에서의 한류 확산을 중심으로

이철성(Lee, Chulsung),송명규(Song, Myungkyu),김장현(Kim, Janghyun) 한국문화산업학회 2020 문화산업연구 Vol.20 No.2

세계화 관련된 추세가 나타나고 있으면서 브랜드 글로벌성에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 문화를 브랜드로 본다면 브랜드로서의 문화 역시 글로벌성을 가질 수 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 이와 함께 기존 문화 관련 연구들에서 강조되는 관점 중 하나는 문화 전이효과이며 이는 문화적 커뮤니케이션을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 브랜드로서의 문화가 갖는 지각된 글로벌성이 기업 태도에 미치는 영향에 있어 문화전이 효과를 살펴보려 한다. 보다 구체적으로 본 연구는 이러한 영향이 제조 기업에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상하며, 이는 문화 후광 효과에 의한 것으로 예상한다. 더불어 문화가 소비자에게 미치는 영향과 관련하여 제품의 구매 과정에서 집단의 영향에 대하여 논의하려 하며, 제품의 유형이 공공적 제품인가 혹은 개인적 제품인가에 따라 상이할 것으로 예상한다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 본 연구는 페루에서 수집된 설문응답을 바탕으로 지각된 글로벌성이 기업태도에 미치는 영향과 이러한 과정에 있어 문화전이의 매개효과를 살펴보려 한다. 이와 함께 제품 유형의 조절적 매개효과를 살펴보려 한다. 분석 결과, 지각된 글로벌성은 기업태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이러한 과정에 있어 문화전이의 매개효과와 제품 유형의 조절적 매개효과가 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제안한다. As globalization trends emerge, interest in the perceived globalness of brand is increasing. For example, research has shown that perceived globality increases the perceived quality or luxury of a brand (Akram, Merunka, and Akram, 2010). In this context, if you look at culture as a brand, you can expect that culture as a brand can have globalness. and In addition, one of the perspectives emphasized in the existing cultural studies is the cultural appropriation effect of cultural communication. Therefore, this study examines the effect of cultural appropriation on the effect of perceived globalness on corporate attitudes as a brand. In addition, this study anticipates that this effect will have a positive effect on product manufacturing companies, which is due to the cultural halo effect, and a study that examines the effect of culture on consumers discusses the influence of groups on product purchase. Therefore, this study suggests that these effects will vary depending onwhether they are public or personal. To this end, this study examines the influence of perceived globalness on corporate attitudes and the mediating effects of cultural appropriation in this process based on questionnaires collected in Peru. As a result of the analysis, perceived globalness has a positive effect on corporate attitude. In this process, mediating effect of cultural appropriation andmoderatedmediating effect of product type appeared. Based on this, theoretical and practical implications are suggested.

자산관리를 위한 막간 차압(TMP)의 수학적 모델 개발을 통한 분리막 수명 예측

이철성 ( Chul-sung Lee ),남영욱 ( Young-wook Nam ),오희경 ( Hee Kyung Oh ),현인환 ( In-hwan Hyun ),구자용 ( Ja-yong Koo ),김두일 ( Doo Il Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2015 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.-

식료품 쇼핑에 있어 일반가구와 1인가구의 충동구매 차이

이철성(Lee, ChulSung),김장현(Kim, Janghyun) 한국물류학회 2016 물류학회지 Vol.26 No.1

최근 들어 국가경제내 1인 가구의 비중이 가파르게 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 1인 가구의 증가로 인하여 많은 소비변화가 이루 어지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 가구변화를 중심으로 식료품 쇼핑에 있어 소비자들의 관점에서 비계획적, 충동적, 비일상적 구매를 의미하는 충동구매를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 충동구매와 식료품 쇼핑에 관련된 기존 연구들을 분석하고 동행구매를 통해 발견된 충동구매의 원인들을 재분류하였다. 다음으로 동행 구매를 통해 소비자들의 식료품 쇼핑을 종합적으로 분석하고, 쇼핑 이후 인터뷰를 통해 사전 쇼핑 목록 중 소비자가 충동구매라고 생각하는 물품과 원인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 한국소비자의 식료품 구매 과정에 있어 충동구매를 발생시키는 원인을 진열, 인적요인, 판촉, 저장목적, 보완재, 그리고 가격의 여섯가지로 분류되었다. 또한 집단을 일반적인 가정과 1인 가구로 분류하여 살펴본 결과, 일반 가구의 경우 진열 및 인적 요인에 의한 충동구매가 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 1인 가구의 경우는 판촉에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. In recent years, the weight of single person households has rapidly increased in structure of household. The purpose of this study is to investigate unplanned, impulsive buying behavior demonstrated between ordinary and single person households. We summarized prior findings on impulse buying and grocery shopping behavior and conceptually classified the major drives of unplanned purchase. We conducted ethnography research using participant observation by going to grocery shopping together with participants to holistically understand consumers’ grocery shopping experience. We interviewed them after the shipping trip was over to check off if each purchase was preplanned or unplanned by comparing actual items in their receipts and planned items in their shipping list constructed before shipping trip and uncovered what induces impulse purchase. We found that the major drives of impulse buying in grocery shopping for Korean consumers were in-store display, social influence, sales promotion, stockpiling, cross-category dependence, and low price. In-store display and social influence had more influence on impulse buying for multi-person households than for households with only one person, whereas sales promotion had more impact for households with only one person than for multi-person households. The results of this study suggest that managers should perceived that all experiences in store on grocery shopping are not equal. Therefor they sholud develop consumers’ experiences depending on the type of experience.

도.소매업 소상공인의 창업특성과 경영성과

이철성(Lee, Chul-Sung),김영(Kim, Young) 한국물류학회 2021 물류학회지 Vol.31 No.2

코로나19 이후, 세계는 사회⋅경제적으로 많은 변화를 겪고 있으며, 특히 오프라인 중심의 소상공인들은 생존에 대한 고민과함께 이러한 새로운 변화에 적응하려 노력하고 있다. 도⋅소매업은 이러한 외부환경 변화에 많은 영향을 받는 업종이며 최근 온라인 쇼핑의 성장은 도⋅소매업에 진출하는 소상공인 증가에 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에서 도⋅소매업 소상공인의 창업특성에 따른 경영성과 차이를 살펴보려 한다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 중소벤처기업부에서 제공하는 소상공인 실태조사의원자료를 바탕으로 실증분석하였다. 분석결과, 법인사업자가 개인사업자에 비하여 매출액은 크게 나타나는 반면, 영업이익은 낮은것으로 나타났으며, 연령이 증가할수록 경영성과는 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 창업횟수가 증가할수록 영업이익이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 정부지원수혜사업자가 그렇지 않은 사업자에 비하여 경영성과가 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 이러한논의를 바탕으로 본 연구는 실무적, 학문적 시사점을 제시하였다. Since Covid-19, the world has undergone many social and economic changes, and especially offline-oriented small businesses have no problem of having to adapt to these new changes along with worries about survival. In addition, the wholesale and retail business is a business that is greatly affected by such changes in the external environment, and the growth of online shopping is affecting the increase of small businesses entering the wholesale and retail industry. In this context, this study attempts to examine the difference in management performance according to the characteristics of entrepreneurship of small businesses in wholesale and retail industry. In order to analyze this, empirical analysis was conducted based on the original data of the survey on the facts of small businesses provided by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the sales of corporate businesses were larger than those of individual businesses, while the operating profit was low, and management performance decreased as the age increased. In addition, as the number of start-ups increased, the operating profit decreased, and the government-sponsored business operators showed higher management performance than those that did not. Finally, based on these discussions, this study presented practical and academic implications.

한글 마이크로블로그 텍스트의 감정 분류 및 분석

이철성(Cheolseong Lee),최동희(Donghee Choi),김성순(Seongsoon Kim),강재우(Jaewoo Kang) 한국정보과학회 2013 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.40 No.3

지금까지 국내에서는 우리말을 이용하여 긍?부정을 판단하는 감성분석연구(sentiment analysis)가 주를 이뤘고, 여러 감정으로 분류하는 감정분석연구(emotion analysis)는 진행되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한글 문서를 기반으로 기계학습 모델을 적용하여 7개의 감정으로 분류하고 그 결과를 영화평에 적용하여 영화 장르별 감정특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 기계학습 모델 중 ‘다항 네이브 베이즈(Multinomial Naive Bayes) 모델이 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다. 이 모델을 ‘네이버 40자 영화평’에 적용하여 영화 100편에 해당하는 영화평의 감정을 분류하고, 요인분석(factor analysis)하였다. 그 결과, ‘생동감’과 ‘우울’이 상반되는 감정임을 알 수 있었고, 영화평에 나타난 ‘친근감’은 영화의 평점에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, ‘분노’, ‘혼란’, ‘피로감’은 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 ‘생동감’과 ‘우울’은 영화의 평점에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 단일감정을 특성으로 하는 4개의 장르 즉, 공포-‘긴장감’, 코미디-‘생동감’, 멜로/애정/로맨스-‘친근감’, 범죄-‘혼란’이 영화 장르별 감정 특성으로 나타났다. 트위터(Twitter)로부터 수집한 데이터를 이용하여 ‘네이버 40자 영화평’에 적용한 이번 연구는 데이터의 성격을 넘어, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 실제 응용분야에서 적용 가능함을 보여준다. Recent studies in Korean sentiment analysis mostly focus on binary classification such as ‘positive’ or ‘negative’. However, there are few researches have discussed on emotion analysis which involves classifying opinions into multiple categories. In this paper, we have developed machine learning models based on Korean document and applied these classifiers to movie reviews to extract emotional features of various movie genres. We used Multinominal Naive Bayes model which shows best classification accuracy. Employing this model, we performed factor analysis on the movie review dataset distributed by “Naver” for 100 movies. The experimental result shows that ‘vigor’ and ‘depression’ are opposite emotions. Meanwhile, ‘friendliness’ positively influences on movie rating, by contrast, ‘anger’, ‘confusion’ and ‘fatigue’ affect negatively. Also we have found 4 movie genres which has single emotional feature as follows: horror-‘anxiety’, comedy-‘vigor’, romance/love-‘friendliness’ and crime-‘confusion’. Finally, cross-corpus evaluation using “Twitter” and “Naver” movie review dataset demonstrates that our proposed method can be applicable in practical applications over various data attributes.

조선후기 輿地圖書에 나타난 인천 지역의 田結稅와 漕運路 연구

이철성(Lee, Chul-Sung) 인천대학교 인천학연구원 2007 인천학연구 Vol.6 No.-

This study, based on contextual understanding of the land tax related provisions in 《Yeojidoseo(輿地圖書)》, tries to investigate what the structure and properties of land tax in the Incheon area. In this respect, this study would be a foothold for shedding light to noble aspects of history of local economy in late Chosun. Comparing records of hanjeon(旱田), sujeon(水田), and jeonse(田稅) in the Incheon area in 《Yeojidoseo》, we have found out that except Ganghwa-bu, which used jeonse tax income for its own finance, Incheon and Bupyeong didn’t have not so high rate of tax paying Gyeols(結). Results from the comparison 《Yeojidoseo》 with 《Takjijeonbugo》 suggest that this is because Incheon and Bupyeong had many non-taxed fields that were exempt from the levy of jeonse by the Ministry of Finance(戶曹). The records of Daedong(大同) in the Incheon area in 《Yeojidoseo》 show that Daedongse(大同稅) tended to be used for their own finances in such militarily important places like Ganghwa, Yeongjong, and Gyodong etc. Contrastively, it is observed that the amounts of payment and of reservation were divided in certain ratio in those areas relatively less important in their defense values such as Incheon and Bupeyong. The authority that all the areas except for Ganghwa paid jeonse to was Gwangheungcheong(廣興倉). However, in the case of daedong, Ganghwa used it for their own expenses without payment, whereas Gyodong paid it to Seonhyecheong(宣惠廳), and Incheon and Bupyeong to Chundaechang (春臺倉). As for the characteristics of Gyunse(均稅) in the Incheon area in 《Yeojidoseo》, Ganghwa, Yeongjong, and Gyodong show peculiarity of military purposes for the Capital defense whereas Incheon and Bupyeong have similar properties to common counties. However, since the Incheon area lied along with sea coasts with respect to its location, it had more revenue from sea taxes like ship tax and salt tax than from land tax. The coastal sea routes around the Incheon area were generally divided into the one toward the south and the other toward the north from Yu Island in Tongjin. The sea route around the Incheon area that had close relationship to grain paid as tax extended from Yu Island to Palmi Island of Incheon. Under this route existed 8 sea routes that connected Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do. The name of Palmi Island originated from this. The sea route from Yu Island to Palmi Island lied on the line connecting Sohol Island and Deokjeok Island, between which lied so-called Seonamdaero(西南大路) that connected Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do.