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최한기 기학(氣學)체계에서 실용주의적 사상형성 과정에 관한 일고찰
이지 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2011 한국문화연구 Vol.21 No.-
본고는 19세기에 활동한 조선후기 철학자 최한기(崔漢綺:1803~1877, 字는 芝老, 號는 惠岡)의 기학(氣學)이 갖는 실용주의적 성격을 분석하기 위한 예비적 고찰이라 할 수 있다. 기철학 전통에 있어서 이전에는 찾아볼 수 없는 독창적인 철학체계를 완성도 높게 제시하였다고 평가받는 최한기의 기학은 유학 전통의 근본정신을 계승하면서 서구자연과학지식을 수용, 융합하여 수립된 것이다. 그는 서구과학의 물질개념을 기로 포괄하여 기 개념을 새롭게 정립하였는데, 그것은 ‘유형(有形)의 운화(運化)하는 신기(神氣)’로 요약된다. 세계의 존재근원인 기가 경험세계를 초월해 있는 것이 아니라 경험세계 범위 안으로 들어옴으로써 기의 실재는 감각기관의 경험을 통해 인식 가능한 것이 되었다. 이는 다양한 기구를 사용하여 수량화된 서구의 자연과학지식을 수용함에 따른 것이다. 그렇지만 경험적 지식을 추구하는 궁극적 목적은 인간의 사회적 삶의 지평에서 실제적인 쓰임에 있으며, 그가 정립한 ‘추측(推測)’의 인식 방법은 실제의 삶의 세계에서 증험될 수 있는 것만을 참된 인식으로 인정한다. 이러한 실용주의적 성격은 유가전통의 학적 태도를 모태로 한 것이며, 당대 현실의 모순과 그 현실에 무기력한 학문풍토에 대한 비판의식에서 비롯되었다. This paper could be called a preliminary discussion to analyze the pragmatic features of Chi-Hak of Choi Han-gi(1803~1877) who was a philosopher in the 19th century and late period of Joseon Dynasty. Choi Han-gi's Chi-Hak which has been assessed to present the creative philosophical system which cannot be found previously in tradition of Chi-philosophy was established through combination of success to the fundamental principle of tradition of Confucianism and accommodation of the western scientific knowledge. He embraced the concept of materials of western science as a Chi and established a new concept of Chi. It could be summarized as ‘SinChi(神氣) which was a continuous movement and change(UnWha(運化)) of materiality(有形)’. The reality of Chi can be recognized through experience of sensory organs by incoming the Chi which was an existence source of the world into the range of experiences rather than transcending the world of experience. This was based on the accommodation of the Western natural scientific knowledge which was quantified by using a variety of equipments. However, ultimate goal to pursue the empirical knowledge was placed on the practical use in the horizon of human social life and the method of perception of ‘Chu-Cheuk(推測)’ that he devised acknowledged something which could be experienced in the world of life as the true recognition. These pragmatic natures were based on the academic attitudes of traditional Confucianism and arose from criticism on the contradictions of contemporary reality and the helpless sense of discipline.
특징적인 소용돌이 배열을 보인 역분화 지방육종 -1예 보고-
이지신,김영복 대한병리학회 2003 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.37 No.5
A dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a uncommon neoplasm characterized by the coexistence of a well-differentiated liposarcoma and non-lipogenic sarcomas. A peculiar neural-like or meningothelial-like whorling pattern of dedifferentiation has recently been reported. We report a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with a peculiar whorling pattern in the scrotum of a 76-year-old man. Histologically, the tumor consisted of areas of a well differentiated liposarcoma admixed with areas of a morphologically non-lipogenic sarcoma. The whorls were scattered throughout the tumor. The cells in the whorls and dedifferentiated area showed a significant nuclear PCNA and p53 protein reactivity.
이지신,최명숙 대한병리학회 2003 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.37 No.2
Adenomyoepithelioma of the female breast is a rare tumor. With rare exceptions, the tumor is uniformly solid. We describe a large grossly cystic adenomyoepithelioma in a 67-year-old female. The tumor was histologically benign. The characteristic microscopic finding was the proliferation of rounded tubules lined by both epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Immunohistochemical findings confirmed the presence of two cell population.
이지해,박광훈,김기찬,신찬영,정지혜 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.5
Recently, we have reported that animals with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) overexpression exhibit reduced social interaction, decreased preference for novel social interaction and poor nest-building behaviors—symptoms that mirror those observed in human autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Overexpression of TERT also alters the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the effects of TERT overexpression on hippocampal-dependent learning and synaptic efficacy have not been investigated. In the present study, we employed electrophysiological approaches in combination with behavioral analysis to examine hippocampal function of TERT transgenic (TERT-tg) mice and FVB controls. We found that TERT overexpression results in enhanced hippocampal excitation with no changes in inhibition and significantly impairs long-term synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, the expression levels of phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated CaMKIIα were significantly decreased while the expression level of CaMKIIα was slightly increased in the hippocampus of TERT-overexpressing mice. Our observations highlight the importance of TERT in normal synaptic function and behavior and provide additional information on a novel animal model of ASD associated with TERT overexpression.