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서춘희,이채관,이소룡,박미희,이종태,손병철,김정호,김건형,Suh, Chun-Hui,Lee, Chae-Kwan,Lee, So-Ryong,Park, Mi-Hee,Lee, Jong-Tae,Son, Byung-Chul,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Kim, Kun-Hyung 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in blood and factors controlling their exposure among Koreans. Methods: Study subjects were selected to include 718 members of the general population residing in five metropolitan cities and the Gangwon Province area from August 2008 to January 2009. A questionnaire was administered to investigate lifestyle, socio-demographic characteristics, and other related factors. Blood samples were collected and extracted using solid-phase extraction and anion-exchange methods, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC, Agilent 1200 Series) coupled with a Triple Quad LC-MS/MS system (Agilent 6410). Results: Geometric mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in the blood were measured as 1.82 and 6.06 ng/ml, respectively. Mean PFOA and PFOS concentrations generally increased with age in both genders. Blood PFOA concentration was significantly different according to such variables as age, family income, residential district, and province. Blood PFOS concentration was significantly different by such variables as gender, age, lifestyle factors such as regular exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Also, family income, hazardous facilities, job classification, and province contributed significantly to differences in blood PFOS concentration levels. Conclusions: Blood PFOA and PFOS concentrations in Koreans were similar with those found in Japan, the USA, and Germany, but less than those in Australia. PFOA and PFOS exposure seems to be affected by a variety of factors in Korea. Therefore, investigation is required for each factor to assess the relative contribution of different variables.
이병희,유형식,이종두,정진일,박창윤,이종태,Lee, Byung-Hee,Yoo, Hyung-Sik,Lee, Jong-Doo,Chung, Jin-Ill,Park, Chang-Yun,Lee, Jong-Tae The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.1
This study was aimed to compare the density of the functional microcirculation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with normal liver and to investigate the effect of hepatic-arterial oily chemoembolization (HAE) by radionuclide examination. Methods : Eight patients with HCC proven by biopsy in five, and clinically and radiologically in three were included. The mixture of 2 cc normal saline with three to four mCi of $^{99m}Tc$-MAA was infused through a hepatic-arterial catheter for a minute. Dynamic images were obtained at a rate of 4 sec per frame for a minute, and static images and SPECT were followed. Results : In three patients who underwent hepatic arterial angiography (HAA) alone, radioactivity was markedly increased in tumors compared to the adjacent liver immediately after infusion of $^{99m}Tc$-MAA. The ratios of tumoral and extratumoral up-take (T/E ratio) were above 6.5 (range; $6.5{\sim}l9$, mean; 12.5). In four of the five patients who under-went superselective HAE, T/E ratio were remark-ably decreased ($0.5{\sim}1.3$). The areas of embolization were better delineated in radionuclide study than in postembolization HAA. In the other one who was considered to be embolized completely on HAA, strong radiouptake in the tumor was disclosed (T/E ratio; 7.0). Conclusions : Therefore hepatic-arterial flow study with radionuclide imaging using $^{99m}Tc$-MAA can be a valuable method to assess the accurate embolization effect in HCC. 본 저자들은 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 이용하여 정상 간조직에 대한 간암의 상대적인 미세 혈류량을 조사하고 간암 환자에서 간동맥 색전술을 시행 후 상대적인 혈류량의 변화를 검사함으로써 간동맥 색전술의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 여덟명의 간암 환자들을 대상으로 하였는데, 이 중 다섯 명은 조직 생검으로, 그리고 나머지 세 명은 임상적, 그리고 방사선학적으로 진단되었다. 3내지 4mCi의 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 2cc의 생리식염수에 혼합하여 간동맥내에 위치된 카테터(catheter)를 통하여 1분간에 걸쳐 서서히 주입한 후 바로 동적영상을 4초 간격으로 1분 동안 얻었으며, 이어서 정적 영상과 SPECT를 시행하였다. 간동맥 혈관 조영술만을 시행한 세명의 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 주입하자마자 주변 간 조직에서 비해 간암내에 강한 방사능 섭취를 보였으며, 주변 간조직에 대한 간암의 방사능 섭취율은 6.5 이상이었고, 그 범위는 6.5에서 19였으며 평균은 12.5였다. 간동맥 색전술을 시행한 5명 중 4명에서 주변 간조직에 대한 간암의 방사능 섭취율이 심하게 감소하였다($0.5{\sim}1.3$). 또한 색전된 부위는 색전술 후 시행한 추적 간동맥 혈관 촬영상에서 보다 동위원소 검사에서 잘 관찰되었다. 간동맥혈관 촬영상에서 완전히 색전된 것으로 생각된 한 환자에서 동위원소 검사상 간암에 강한 방사능 섭취를 보였다(주변 간조직에 대한 간암의 방사능 섭취율 7.0). 따라서 본 저자들은 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 이용한 간 동맥 혈류 검사는 간암에서 색전술의 효과를 정확히 평가할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 이용될 수 있으리라 생각한다.
직업적으로 소음에 노출되는 근로자들에서 청력의 비대칭성
김욱태 ( Wook Tae Kim ),김대환 ( Dae Hwan Kim ),이채관 ( Chae Kwan Lee ),안진홍 ( Jin Hong Ahn ),이창희 ( Chang Hee Lee ),김휘동 ( Hwi Dong Kim ),김정호 ( Jeong Ho Kim ),손병철 ( Byung Chul Son ),이종태 ( Jong Tae Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Usually equal noise exposure is considered to cause symmetrical hearing loss, but some screening audiometries of employees who were exposed to noise showed asymmetry. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the distribution of asymmetrical hearing loss and the difference of air conduction level between left and right ear at the different frequencies (500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 6,000 Hz). Study subjects were 326 male employees who had participated in the noise-specific health examination from May to October, 2002. They were evaluated by otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. In all frequencies, hearing threshold level of left ear was worse than right ear. The mean interaural threshold differences between two ears were 0.83 dB at 500 Hz, 1.18 dB at 2,000 Hz, 2.29 dB at 3,000 Hz, 2.18 dB at 4,000 Hz, and statistically significant (p<0.05). The hearing loss of left ear was greater than right ear in occupationally noise-exposed workers. It is believed that left ear was more susceptible to noise damage than right ear.
디메틸포름아미드 취급 사업장의 작업환경 및 보건관리 실태와 노출요인 조사
허수종 ( Soo Jong Hur ),서춘희 ( Chun Hui Suh ),이채관 ( Chae Kwan Lee ),김정호 ( Jeong Ho Kim ),김대환 ( Dae Hwan Kim ),손병철 ( Byung Chul Son ),이창희 ( Chang Hee Lee ),장구락 ( Goo Rak Chang ),이종태 ( Jong Tae Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2010 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.20 No.4
This study was aimed to assess the status of working environment, health care management status and cause of exposure in manufactories using dimethylformamide (DMF). For the purpose, airborne concentration of DMF in the workplaces and N-methylformamide (NMF) in worker`s urine were measured with job type and process. In addition, management of local exhaust ventilation system (LEV) and personal protective equipment (PPE) was evaluated at 35 work places (107 workers) located in Busan and Gimhae area. Mean DMF concentrations in work places by job type and process were of high level measured in printing and record media reproduction (5.23ppm) and flaking process (2.48ppm). Workers in adhesive job were measured a large amount of urine NMF (21.59mg/ℓ). 98.1% of DMF handling workers were provided respirators, but 67.3% of those workers used them. The main reasons for not using respirators were inconvenience and difficulty of breathing. Airborne concentrations of DMF were higher in the workplaces in which LEVs were working abnormally, but there was not statistically significant. In addition, the urine NMF levels were correlated with management of LEV within the workers who did not use the respirators (p<0.048). These results implied that LEV should be installed and maintained properly to protect the workers from the exposure to DMF. Management of PPE should be also necessary to protect the workers from chemical hazards.
서춘희,이종태,김대환,손병철,이창희,김휘동,안진동 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.3
목적: 산업안전보건법 개정 후 배치전 건강진단의 실시 현황 및 보건관리자의 인식도를 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 부산과 경남에 위치하는 특수건강진단기관 2개소 에서 2006년 1월 1일에서 2006년 12월 31일까지 배치전 건강진단을 받은 근로자 6,507명을 대상으로 배치전 건 강진단서 판정결과를 검토하였다. 건강관리구분 유소견자 판정을 받은 근로자 330명을 대상으로 전화인터뷰를 시도하여 성공한 185명을 최종 연구 대상으로 하였다. 그리고 동 기관에서 관리하고 있으며 특수건강진단을 실시하는 보건관리대행 사업장 중에서 169개의 사업장 보건 관리자를 대상으로 2007년 5월 1일에서 9월 30일까지 설문조사를 하였다. 결과: 근로자 전화 인터뷰 조사에서 배치전 건강진단 결과 질환 유소견 판정때문에 채용이 거부된 사람은 51명 (27.4%)이었다. 보건관리자를 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 채용시 건강진단의 폐지를 모르는 사업장이 39개(23.1%)였다. 배치전 건강진단을 근로자 채용결정 후 부서배치 전에 실시하는 사업장 73개(43.2%)중에서 그 결과를 부서배치에 활용한다고 응답한 사업장이 63개 (37.3%)였다 질환유소견 판정을 받았을 때 고혈압,당뇨병,고지혈증 등 만성 칠환이 있는 경우 각각 20개(11.8%),21개(12.4%),22개(13.0%) 사업장에서 근로자를 고용하지 않는다고 답했고,업무상 질병과 관련된 청력이상,요추부 방사선 이상소견이 있을 때 각각 76개 (44.4%),75개(43.8%) 사업장에서 근로자를 고용하지 않는다고 답했다. 결론: 채용전 건강진단이 폐지되고 배치전 건강진단에 대한 법 조항이 개정되었음에도 불구하고 사업장에서는 법규에 대한 이해가 불충분하여 여전히 배치전 건강진단이 취업시 불건강자를 가려내는 목적으로 이용되고 있으며,업무 적합성 개념에 대한 이해가 불충분하였다. 따라서 사업주는 배치전 건강진단 실시시기를 준수하고 건강 진단 기관에 배치 예정 업무에 대해 구체적인 정보를 제공하여야 한다. 정부에서는 법규 개정 후 홍보에 힘쓰고,법규 시행 후 적절한 정책 평가도 병행하여야 한다. Objectives: We investigated the status of the preplacement medical examination after the revision of the industrial safety and health law on Oct. 7, 2005 by the Ministry of Labor. Methods: Preplacement medical certificates of 6,507 recruits issued by two hospitals in Busan, Kyeongnam Province from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31,2006 were reviewed. Telephone interviews were performed to the recruits with disease and self-reported questionnaires were administrated to health and safety personnel from May 1 to Sep. 30, 2007. Results: Interviews were conducted with 185(56.1 %) recruits with disease, 51(27.4%) of whom were rejected for employment due to the preplacement medical certificate. The questionnaire survey for the health and safety personnel revealed that 39(22.9%) personnel were unaware of the annulment of the preemployment medical examination. Eighty(48.8%) of the health and safety personnel answered that they performed a preplacement medical examination after employment, and 63(37.3%) made a practical application of the workers' placement. The recruits with chronic conditions were refused employment: 20 (11.8%) due to hypertension, 21 (12.4%) diabetes mellitus and 22(13.0%) hyperlipidemia. The recruits with work-related diseases were also refused employments: 76(44.4%) due to lumbar spine abnormality and 75(43.8%) hearing loss. Conclusions: Despite the annulment of the pre-employment medical examination, a preplacement medical examination was often used to discriminate among healthy and diseased recruits. Employers must respect the law for the point of time of the preplacement medical examination and the payment of cost. The government should publicize the revision of the objectives of the law. We suggest that health professionals elucidate the job fitness through the development of the assessment tools and maintain the confidentiality of recruits.