Reduced RBF Centers Based Multiuser Detection in DS-CDMA System

이정식,화재정,박지연,Lee, Jung-Sik,Hwang, Jae-Jeong,Park, Chi-Yeon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.11C

The major goal of this paper is to develop a practically implemental radial basis function (RBF) neural network based multi-user detector (MUD) for direct sequence (DS)-CDMA system. This work is expected to provide an efficient solution for RBF based MUD by quickly setting up the proper number of RBF centers and their locations required in training. The basic idea in this research is to estimate all the possible RBF centers by using supervised ${\kappa-means$ clustering technique, and select the only centers which locate near seemingly decision boundary between centers, and reduce further by grouping the some of centers adjacent each other. Therefore, it reduces the computational burden for finding the proper number of RBF centers and their locations in the existing RBF based MUD, and ultimately, make its implementation practical.

도시유역에서 수문학적 특성에 따른 임계지속기간의 변화 연구

이정식,신창동,Lee. Jung-Sik,Shin. Chang-Dong 한국방재학회 2005 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.5 No.3

본 연구는 도시유역인 성내와 반포배수구역과 동의대시험유역에서 수문학적 특성에 따른 임계지속기간의 변화를 구명한 것이다. 유출해석을 위한 도시유출모형으로는 RRL, ILLUDAS, SWMM과 SMADA 모형을 사용하였으며, 수문학적 특성으로는 강우의 시간분포방법, 확률강우강도식, 선행함수조건, 재현기간과 유출모형을 이용하였다. 도시유역에서 최대 첨두유량을 발생시키는 강우의 시간분포방법은 Huff의 4분위로 나타났으며, 첨두유량은 수문학적 특성에 따라 차이를 보였으나 유출모형을 제외한 수문학적 특성들은 임계지속기간에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 임계지속기간은 유출모형에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있으며, SWMM 모형에 Huff의 4분위를 적용하였을 경우 임계지속기간이 가장 크게 나타났다. The objective of this study is to analyze the relation of critical duration according to hydrologic characteristics in urban areas. RRL, ILLUDAS, SWMM, and SMADA urban runoff models were applied to the Seongnae and Banpo watershed and experiment area of the Dong-Eui University. Also, hydrologic characteristics such as temporal pattern of rainfall, rainfall intensity formula, antecedent moisture condition, return period, and urban runoff model were used to simulate the critical duration of the test areas. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The type of temporal pattern of rainfall which causes maximum peak discharge in urban area has resulted in Huff`s 4th quartile distribution. (2) The critical duration in urban areas were not influenced by hydrological factors except urban runoff model. (3) Peak discharge and critical duration in urban areas were influenced by the urban runoff model, and the SWMM model using Huff`s 4th quartile distribution shows maximum critical duration.

통계적 방법에 의한 지점강우의 권역화 연구

이정식,신창동,김영욱,Lee,Jung-Sik,Shin,Chang-Dong,Kim,Young-Wook 한국방재학회 2007 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

The objective of this study is to analyze the regionalization of point rainfall by statistical methods for regional frequency analysis of the rainfall. The rainfall data used in this study are annual maximum rainfall at 57 stations during the period of more than 30 years for 12 durations(10min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24hr) in Korea. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance of nonparametric test the principal component and the cluster analysis have been performed to analyze the regionalization of rainfall. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The region which hydrological homogeneous is accepted does not exist for whole duration in Korea. (2) The result of nonpametric test shows that hydrological homogeneous regions of point rainfall are divided by 5 regions. (3) In case of cluster analysis hydrological homogeneous regions of point rainfall are divided by 6 regions and 4 other areas.

농어 (Lateolabrax japonicus) 피부계 지지세포와 선세포의 미세구조

이정식,김재원,Lee, Jung-Sick,Kim, Jae-Won 한국현미경학회 1999 Applied microscopy Vol.29 No.4

농어의 피부는 크게 상피층과 진피층으로 구분된다. 상피층은 지지세포와 단세포선들로 구성된다. 지지세포는 표면세포, 중간세포 및 기저세포로 구분된다. 선세포는 점액분비세포와 곤봉상세포로 구분되는데, 이들의 분포밀도는 곤봉상세포가 더 높다. 표면세포는 편평형 또는 입방형이며 세포질에는 조면소포체가 잘 발달되어 있으며, microridge가 뚜렷하다. 표면세포들은 membrane interdigitation구조와 부착반에 의해서 다른 세포들과 연결되어 있다. 중간세포는 난형이며, 전자밀도는 다른 지지세포 보다 높다. 기저세포는 입방형이며, 세포소기관의 가운데 미토콘드리아의 발달이 현저하며, membrane interdigitation 구조들이 발달되어 있다. 점액분비세포는 막으로 싸인 다수의 분비과립들을 함유한다. 곤봉상세포의 세포질은 수질부와 피질부로 구분되는데, 수질부에서는 핵, 세포소기관, 중심공포가 관찰되며, 피질부에서는 발달된 장미세섬유들이 관찰된다. 곤봉상세포들은 잘 발달된 membrane interdigitation구조와 부착반에 의해서 다른 세포들과 연계되어 있다. The present investigation is designed to provide basic information on fine structure of the skin of the sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicks in relation to study of epidermal change with environmental and physiological change. The skin of the sea bass is divided into the epidermal layer and dermal layer. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells and unicellular glands. The supporting cells were classified into the superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. Gland cells were classified into the mucous secretory cell and club cell which is more frequently observed. Superficial cell of epidermal layer is squamous or cuboidal and contains well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and the surface is covered with numerous microridges. Superficial cells are connected to another cell with membrane interdigitations and desmosomes. Intermediated cell is ovoid and the electron density is higher than the other supporting cells. Basal cell is cuboidal and has a well-developed mitochondria and membrane interdigitation. The mucous secretory cell has a numerous membrane bounded secretory granules. The cytoplasm of club cell is divided into cortex and medullar. The medullar cytoplasm has a nucleus, intracellular organelles and central vacuole, and the cortical cytoplasm has a well-developed tonofilament. Club cells are connected to another cell with well -developed membrane interdigitations and desmosomes.

주제발표(1)-21세기 교통체계와 도로

이정식,Lee, Jeong-Sik 한국도로교통협회 2000 도로교통 Vol.81 No.-

투명표본(透明標本)에 의(依)한 하악견치(下顎犬齒)의 근관형태(根管形態)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이정식,Lee, Chung-Sik 대한치과보존학회 1978 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.4 No.1

Fifty two mandibular permanent canines were chosen to study the anatomy of the root canal. The experimental teeth were injected with China ink, decalcified, cleared and observed to investigate the number of root canals, frequency and location of lateral canals, the location of apical foramens, the frequency of apical deltas, and the curvature of root canals. The results were as follows: 1) all of the experimental teeth demonstrated single canal. 2) of the 52 canals, 9.6% of the canals were found to have lateral canals and the locations of the lateral canals were in the apical third of the roots 3) Thirty three apical foramens were located laterally on the root apices and nineteen foramens were located on the centers of the root apices. 4) 37 canals showed straight curvature, 12 canals distal curvature. 3 canals labial curvature.

시호(柴胡) 사포닌류(saikosaponins)의 약리작용(II) -Saikosaponin이 간 대사효소계 및 과산화지질 함량에 미치는 영향-

이정식,이정규,최종원,Lee, Jeong-Sik,Lee, Chung-Kyu,Choi, Jong-Won 한국생약학회 1993 생약학회지 Vol.24 No.2

As a part of pharmacological studies of saikosaponins, which were reported to exhibit diverse biological activities especially concerning with liver function, effects of saikosaponin on metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxide contents in liver were examined. As the result, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity and lipid peroxidation which were due to acetaminophen were inhibited by saikosaponin treatment. But other metabolizing enzyme activities were not modified.

확률분포 모수선도에 의한 미계측 지점의 확률강우량 산정

이정식,신사철,김석동,조성근,Lee,Jung-Sik,Shin,Sha-Chul,Kim,Seok-Dong,Cho,Sung-Geun 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구는 강우의 자료년수가 부족하거나 미계측 지점에서의 확률강우량 산정을 위하여 확률분포 모수선도를 제시하는 것으로, 30년 이상의 강우기록을 보유한 기상청 산하 58개 강우관측지점에서 12개 지속기간에 대한 연최대치 강우자료를 대상으로 빈도해석을 실시하여 대표확률분포형을 선정하였다. 지점 및 지속기간별로 L-모멘트법을 이용하여 대표확률분포형의 위치, 규모, 형상모수를 계산하고, Kriging방법으로 이를 도시하여 확률분포 모수선도를 작성하였다. 본 연구의 수행으로 인해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전국 58개 지점에 대한 강우분석 결과, 적용한 16개 분포형 중에서 GEV 분포형의 적합도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, GEV 분포형의 모수를 이용한 지속기간별 확률분포 모수선도를 제시하여 확률강우량을 산정하였다. 셋째, 확률분포 모수선도를 이용한 확률강우량과 기존 연구결과와는 큰 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 넷째, 확률분포 모수선도의 결과를 이용하여 미계측 지점에서의 확률강우량을 재현기간의 제약없이 쉽게 산정할 수 있다. The objective of this study is to produce a probability distribution parameter map for evaluation of probable rainfall quantile in ungauged site. The rainfall data used in this study are annual maximum rainfalls at 58 stations during the period of more than 30 years for 12 durations. The 16 probability distributions which have been widely used in hydrologic frequency analysis are applied to the basic data and to determine the representative appropriate distribution. The location, scale, and shape parameters of the representative appropriate distribution for each station and each duration are calculated using L-moments method. These parameters are contoured using spatial interpolation, based on the geostatistical method of Kriging to produce parameter maps that depict the spatial variation and magnitude of each parameter. The results of this study are as followings; (1) The GEV distribution is determined as the representative probability distribution in Korea. (2) The parameters for any location in Korea can be estimated using the parameter maps and the rainfall quantile is obtained from GEV distribution equation using parameter about the selected rainfall duration. (3) Comparative analysis of the results shows that the probable rainfall quantiles by the parameter maps are little different from those existing researches. (4) In the result by probability distribution parameter map, rainfall quantile is better easy to evaluate in ungaged site without restriction of return period.

지형학적(地形學的) 순간단위도(瞬間單位圖)에 의한 첨두유량(尖頭流量)의 강우(降雨)-유출(流出) 선형해석(線形解析)

이정식,금재한,이원환,Lee, Jung Sik,Kim, Jae Han,Lee, Won Hwan 대한토목학회 1987 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.7 No.1

단위도합성(單位圖合成)을 위하여 기존(旣存) 지형학적(地形學的) 순간단위도(瞬間單位圖)의 개념(槪念)을 도입(導入)하였다. 이를 위한 하천차수(河川次數)의 기법(技法)은 Strahler의 차수법칙(次數法則)을 이용(利用)하였으며, 하천수(河川水)의 동적상태(動的狀態)를 나타내기 위하여 평균유출속도(平均流出速度)가 사용(使用)되었다. 지형학적(地形學的) 특성인자(特性因子)들로부터 결정(決定)된 순간단위도(瞬間單位圖)를 IHP 대표시험유역(代表試驗流域)인 경안천(慶安川), 무심천(無心川), 위천유역(渭川流域)에 적용(適用)하여 첨두유량(尖頭流量) 및 도달시간(到達時間)을 계산(計算)하였고, 실측자료(實測資料)와의 비교검토(比較檢討)를 통하여 GUH의 적용성(適用性)을 입증(立證)하였으며, 증감(增減)된 평균류출속도(平均流出速度)와 가정(假定)된 손실율(損失率)을 적용(適用)시키므로써 수문곡선(水文曲線)의 첨두유량(尖頭流量)의 변화(變化)는 일정손실율(一定損失率) 보다 평균유출속도(平均流出速度)에 따라 크게 좌우(左右)됨을 알 수 있었다. The schemes synthesizing the instantaneous unit hydrograph(IUH) are presented by using the geomorphologic parameters of a basin. To this end, the channels in the network are numbered according to the Strahler scheme, and the mathematical formulation corresponding to a dynamic probability theory for deriving the geomorphologic IUH(GUH) is refered to the existing techniques adopted by Rodriguez-Iturbe and Valdes. Also, the mean runoff velocity is applied for expressing a dynamic state of flow. The applicability of the GUH to the real drainage basins is tested by using the data observed in a few basins with areas of the order of 9.2, 20, 33.63, and $109.73km^2$ in Korea. The test is carried out by checking the discrepancies between the observed and simulated values for the peak discharge and its time of occurrence which are the most important parameters of an IUH by varing the mean runoff velocity and the inputs. As a result, good agreement is found between them, and it is shown that the variability in peak discharge of hydrograph depends on the mean runoff velocity more than the constant loss rate.

문치가자미 (Limanda yokohamae)피부 상피층의 미세구조

이정식,강주찬,백혜자,Lee, Jung-Sick,Kang, Ju-Chan,Baek, Hea-Ja 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.3

문치가자미의 피부 상피층은 지지세포, 선세포 그리고 부속세포들로 구성된다. 지지세포는 표면세포, 중간세포 및 기저세포로 구분된다. 지지세포들의 세포질은 공통적으로 피질부와 수질부로 나누어지는때, 수질부에는 세포 소기관의 발달이 현저하며, 피질부에는 미세섬유의 발달이 뚜렷하다. 선세포들은 상피의 표면층과 중간층에 존재한다. 점액세포의 세포질은 AB-PAS에 청색으로 반응하였다. 곤봉방세포는 세포질에 원형의 중심공포와 발달된 미세섬유들을 가진다. 과립세포는 주로 중간층과 기저층에 존재하고, 세포질의 대부분은 막을 가진 전자밀도가 높은 과립들이 차지한다. 염세포는 주로 표층에 위치하며, 세포질의 대부분은 잘 발달된 미토콘드리아들이 차지한다. 색소세포는 세포질에 존재하는 함유물의 전자밀도에 따라 세 종류로 구분할 수 있다. Ultrastructures on the integumentary epidermis of the marbled sole, Limanda yokahamae, were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscope. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands and accessory cells. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. The cytoplasm of supporting cells is divided into cortex and medullar part. In the cortex and medullar part, microfilaments and cell organelles are well developed, respectively. Gland cells are present in the superficial and middle epidermis. The cytoplasm of mucous cell reacted to blue in AB-PAS (pH 2.5). Club cell has a roundish central vacuole and well-developed microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Granular cells are occurs in the middle and basal epidermis , and the cytoplasm is occupied with membrane-bounded granules of electron dense. Chloride cells are present in the superficial epidermis , and the cytoplasm is occupied with tubular mitochondria. Three types of pigment cells can be distinguished by electron density of cytoplasmic inclusions.