생체 신장 이식 공여자에 대한 정신사회적 평가

이아라,백명재,이상민,강원섭,박진경 한국정신신체의학회 2023 정신신체의학 Vol.31 No.2

우리나라의 경우, 이식 대기자에 비해 공여 장기 수가 부족하여 생체 장기기증에 대한 의존도가 높으며, 생체장기기증 건수도 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 특히, 생체 신장 이식 건수는 전 세계적으로 높기 때문에 생체 신장 공여자에 대한 이식 전 정신사회적 평가의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이전 연구에 따르면 이식 전 공여자 평가 시 사전 동의 여부 및 수술 위험성에 대한 인지 여부를 파악하는 것이 중요하며 이를 위해 다음과 같은 평가도구들을 시행할 수 있다. ELPAT living organ donor Psychological Assessment Tool (EPAT), Live Donor Assessment Tool (LDAT), Living Donation Expectancies Questionnaire (LDEQ), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 questionnaire (MMPI-2). 이식 전 정신사회적 평가 도구에 관한 문헌을 검토한 후, 한국의 생체 신장 기증자에 대한 법적 고려 사항을 살펴본 후 생체 신장 공여자에 대한 효과적인 이식 전 선별 평가 방법을 제안하려 한다. In Korea, the dependence on living donations is high due to the shortage of organs available for donation compared to the number of people waiting for transplants and the number of living organ donations continues to increase. In particular, the number of living-donor transplantations is high worldwide, highlighting the importance of pre-transplant psychosocial evaluation of living kidney donors. According to previous studies, when evaluating living organ donors before transplantation, it is crucial to determine whether the donor can give informed consent and be aware of the risks after surgery. Pre-transplant evaluation tests such as ELPAT living organ donor Psychological Assessment Tool (EPAT), Live Donor Assessment Tool (LDAT), Living Donation Expectancies Questionnaire (LDEQ), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 questionnaire (MMPI-2) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) are conducted for donors. After reviewing the literature on these pre-transplant psychosocial assessment tools, we will also look at legal considerations for living kidney donors in Korea and suggest an effective and essential pre-transplant screening evaluation method for living kidney transplant donors

Fe-loaded zeolite를 이용한 칼럼 실험에서의 Cd & Cr(VI) 동시제거 반응성 평가

이아라,이승학,박준범,Lee Ah-Ra,Lee Seung-Hak,Park Jun-Boum 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006 지하수토양환경 Vol.11 No.1

Cd과 Cr(VI)으로 동시에 오염된 지하수 정화에 반응벽체 공법을 적용하기 위하여 환원능과 흡착능을 동시에 가지는 새로운 반응 물질인 Fe-loaded zeolite의 반응성을 실내 주상실험을 통해 평가하였다. Cd과 Cr(VI)을 동시에 포함한 오염용액을 반응물질이 충진된 칼럼에 주입하고, 이 칼럼을 통과한 유출수에서의 Cd과 Cr(VI) 농도를 측정하여 파과곡선을 얻는 방법으로 본 주상실험을 수행하였다. 유출수의 농도 분석 결과 Cd의 파과는 Cr(VI)의 파과곡선이 완료되는 시점까지 전혀 관찰되지 않아, 반응물질의 전반적인 효율은 Cr(VI)에 대한 반응성에 의해 결정됨을 알 수 있었다. Cr(VI)의 파과곡선은 파과 시작점이 다소 지체되고 파과의 진행 속도도 느려지며 파괴곡선의 상대농도 값이 1까지 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이러한 Cr(VI) 파과곡선의 양상을 정량적으로 묘사하기 위하여 형상계수라고 하는 새로운 계수 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 정의하고, 이를 오염물질의 이동방정식에 적용함으로써 파과곡선의 지체 정도와 기울기 정도를 나타내었다. 초기 주입 용액의 농도가 증가할수록 ${\alpha}$값은 감소하였고, 이로부터 파과곡선의 시작 시점이 빨라 지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 초기 주입 용액의 속도가 증가할수록 ${\beta}$ 값이 감소하였으며, 이로부터 파과곡선의 기울기가 점차 가팔라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 Fe-loaded zeolite를 반응벽체 내 반응물질로 적용할 경우, Fe-loaded zeolite는 지하수 상에 존재하는 서로 다른 이온 형태의 중금속인 Cd과 Cr(VI)을 효과적으로 동시에 제거할 수 있음을 획인하였으며 이때, Fe-loaded zeolite를 통한 Cr(VI)의 파과는 지하수 흐름이 빠를수록 파과의 진행이 더욱 급격히 나타날 것이며 오염농도가 높은 지하수일수록 파과의 시점이 빠르게 나타나 반응물질은 그 사용 한계 에 다다르게 될 것임을 예측할 수 있었다. Laboratory column experiment for simultaneous removal of Cd and Cr(VI) were conducted using newly developed material of Fe-loaded zeolite having both reduction ability and sorption capacity. The solution containing Cd and Cr(VI) was injected into the column and the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the contaminants were observed at the effluent port. Cd breakthrough was not initialized until Cr(VI) breakthrough was completed. Therefore it could be concluded that overall efficiency of Fe-loaded zeolite should be determined by the reactivity for Cr(VI). The relative concentration of Cr(VI) BTC increased to the unit value while initial breakthrough was delayed and the propagation of breakthrough was slowed. In order to quantitatively describe the shape of Cr(VI) BTC, new parameters of ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ designated to be shape parameters, were defined and applied in contaminant transport concentration. These parameters were employed to represent the degree of initial breakthrough delay and the degree of breakthrough propagation, respectively. As initial contaminant concentration increased, ${\alpha}$ decreased, which indicated the delay of BTC's initiation. And as initial contaminant flow rate increased, ${\beta}$ decreased, which represented the faster propagation of the BTC. From these results, Fe-loaded zeolite was found to be an effective reactive material for PRBs against heavy metals having different ionic forms in groundwater. And it could be expected that as groundwater flows faster, the propagation of breakthrough would be faster and as contaminant concentration is higher, the initial point of breakthrough would appear earlier.

다문화 청소년이 경험하는 진로장벽에 대한 질적연구

이아라,손보영,이주영 한국청소년학회 2018 청소년학연구 Vol.25 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 다문화 가정 청소년들이 경험하는 진로장벽의 내용을 심층적으로 이해하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 다문화 가정 청소년 15명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하고, 수집된 자료를 합의적 질적분석 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과 우리나라 다문화 가정 청소년들이 진로결정 과정에서 경험하는 장벽은 총 8개 영역(자기이해부족, 직업정보부족, 불안과 부담감, 미성숙한 진로태도, 진로역량부족, 자신감 부족, 외적지원 미비, 경제적 어려움)과 16개의 하위 범주로 도출되었다. 다문화 청소년들은 자신의 적성과 가치관을 혼란스러워하고 있었고, 직업 정보가 부족하다고 느끼고 있었다. 또한 진로와 관련된 중요한 결정을 혼자 해야 한다는 부담감과 실패에 대한 불안을 경험하며, 미래 직업상황에서 다문화 가정에 대한 차별이 있을지 걱정하고 있었다. 다문화 청소년들의 낮은 학업성취와 언어적 어려움, 낮은 자신감 역시 이들의 진로결정을 방해하는 요인으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 다문화 청소년들은 진로와 관련된 이야기를 나눌 수 있는 조언자와 행정지원이 보다 필요하다고 보고하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 다문화 청소년을 위한 진로상담 개입의 시사점과 후속 연구에 대한 제한점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to understand the career barriers that adolescents from multi-cultural families experience. 15 multi-cultural adolescents were interviewed in depth and the collected data were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research(CQR). As a result of the study, the barriers that multi-cultural adolescents experience in making decisions are resulted in 8 categories and 16 subfactors. 8 categories is ‘lack of self-comprehension’, ‘lack of job information’, ‘anxiety and burden’, ‘immature career attitude’, ‘lack of career competencies’, ‘lack of confidence’, ‘lack of external support and economic difficulty’. Subfactors showed that the multi-cultural adolescents were confused about their aptitude and values and thought job information is insufficient. They also experienced the strain of having to make major career decisions by themselves, the anxiety of failure, and were worried about possible discrimination against multi-cultural families in future career situations. Low academic achievements, low language difficulties and low self-confidence also hindered their career decisions. Lastly, the multi-cultural adolescents appealed for more administration supports and counseling services. Based on this result, we provide discussion and suggestions for future researches about multi-cultural youth’s career barriers and prepared basic data on career counseling in multi-cultural youth.

대학생의 진로결정문제에 따른 잠재집단분류 및 진로관련 정서, 인지 및 행동 관련 변인들의 영향력 검증

이아라,이주영 한국상담학회 2016 상담학연구 Vol.17 No.6

The purpose of this study was to identify the number of latent classes according to college students’ career decision problem and to explore the impact of career related factors (i.e., anxiety, identity, perfectionism, career preparation behavior and so on) on those latent classes. For the current study, final sample included 659 Korean college students. Data were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis(LCA) to identify different patterns of students` career decision problem. Multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to test the influence of predictors for classification. The study found four latent classes: indecision dominant class, middle-level class, confusion in decision process class, and lack of knowledge and information class. The indecision dominant class showed the lowest level in career decision problem compared with other classes but indecision problem dominant within class. The middle-level class showed similar pattern of career decision problem compared with the indecision dominant class but problem of decision making more. The confusion in decision process class showed severe career decision making process problem as well as indecision problem. The lack of knowledge and information class showed the highest level of career decision problem, especially lack of information about self and occupation. Additionally, Multinomial logistic regression results showed that each distinctive career decision problem profile can be identified by some of predictors: anxiety, pessimistic point of view, identity, and career preparation behavior. The study suggests that counselors make effort to develop the differential intervention for college student in career counseling and education based on each class characteristic. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 대학생들의 진로문제 유형에 따른 잠재집단을 분류하고, 잠재집단구분에 영향을 주는 요인을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생 659명을 대상으로 진로결정문제, 진로준비행동, 사회적으로 부과된 완벽주의, 불안, 비관적관점, 자아개념의 정도를 측정하였다. 분석에는 잠재계층분석과 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라 대학생들의 진로결정문제에 따른 잠재집단은 총4개로 분류되었다. 우선, ‘우유부단 우세형’은 진로결정관련 문제가 모든 하위영역에서 가장 낮았지만, 다른 요인들에 비해 상대적으로 우유부단 관련 어려움이 가장 높게 나타났다. ‘중간형’은 ‘우유부단 우세형’과 비교했을 때, 전체적인 특성은 유사하면서 진로결정과 관련된 문제가 전반적으로 더 높았다. ‘결정과정 혼란형’은 진로결정 과정과 관련된 어려움을 가장 많이 호소하면서, 우유부단과 관련된 문제도 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 ‘지식정보 결핍형’은 자신과 직업세계에 대한 정보와 관련한 어려움이 가장 높게 나타났다. 영향요인 검증 결과 사회적으로 부과된 완벽주의를 제외한 불안, 비관적관점, 자아개념 요인과 진로준비행동이 대학생의 진로관련 잠재집단 분류에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 대학생들의 진로결정문제를 이해하고, 개입하는데 있어, 인지․정서․행동적 요인을 통합적으로 고려하고, 각 잠재집단의 특성에 따라 차별적인 처치를 하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

서정시의 개방모티프론 ― 소월의 「엄마야 누나야」와 괴테의 「방랑자의 밤노래」 비교연구

이아라 한국비교문학회 2006 比較文學 Vol.0 No.40

Open Motif Theory of Lyric Poetry- A Comparative Study of Sowol's poem ?Ummaya Nunaya? and Goethe's poem ?Wanderer's Night Song? Open Motif Theory of Lyric Poetry - A Comparative Study of Sowol's poem Ummaya Nunaya and Goethe's poem Wanderer's Night Song

Effect of acceptance-based interventions regarding possible negative outcomes of career uncertainty on the career exploration process of Korean college students

이아라,김계현 한국교육개발원 2019 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an acceptance-based intervention on the career exploration process of Korean college students. For this, 82 Korean college students participated in the experimental study. The participants read a potential negative outcome scenario related to their career decision, and received a randomly assigned intervention (acceptance vs avoidance). Then they sequentially engaged in the career exploration task, the emotional stroop task, and the free recall task. We found that the acceptance-based intervention group sought out more negative career information and decided their career path more quickly than the avoidance-based intervention group. Additionally, the acceptance-based intervention group showed less attention bias to career-related threat words and remembered more career information than the avoidance-based intervention.

직유의 효과에 관한 새로운 이해 - 직유의 벡터와 그 작용을 중심으로

이아라 한국수사학회 2005 수사학 Vol.0 No.3

This dissertation is a study of the similes, with a view to identifying the limits the existing view of the similes imposed on them and to presenting a new view of the similes on the basis of that identification. Not by unreliable, abstract theorizing but by examining ways and effects similes work in actual poems and by closely analyzing the similes in everyday life, this dissertation advances a new theory of the similes. Although they have long been recognized as a major rhetoric device, few in-depth studies of the similes have been made. Ever since Poetics and Rhetoric by Aristotle(BC 384~322), the study on the similes has been relegated to a part of the study of metaphors. After presenting the existing general views of the similes that 1) effects of the similes are clear and simple and the similes reinforce clarity and concreteness through enhanced imagery, 2) the similes are a lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors and, while the similes are primary expressions with less density, the metaphors are more refined expressions of higher level and 3) the similes and the metaphors are essentially the same and the former are amplification of the latter and the latter is a condensation of the former and, therefore, the former may be replaced with the later, this dissertation raised questions and sought to resolve them. This dissertation examined if the traditional view that the similes can be replaced with metaphors was true. Common similes in daily life and in the poems of Ki Hyungdo, Ryu Siwha and Kim Dongmyung have been extensively examined. As a result of this examination, it has been confirmed that meanings are changed when similes are replaced with metaphors. Because of the contrasting nature of the similes and the metaphors, such as vector (directionality) and naming (interpretation), and participation and possession, the similes can hardly be replaced with the metaphors. This experiment, in which the similes were replaced with metaphors, showed that poetic narrators' vectors have been lost and the poems were transformed into totally different ones. The similes induce the hearer to participate in the speaker's directionality. So the similes are persuasive. Through the study conducted in this dissertation it was found that the existing view that the similes are lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors was not correct. If the similes are considered lower rhetoric than the metaphors, simile-dominated poems would be of lower quality and, in order to upgrade the quality, the similes would be replaced with metaphors. However, there are many examples of good poems where the similes are main rhetoric and where the similes can not be replaced with the metaphors without changing the poems into different poems. What contributes to the making of good poems is not whether similes or metaphors are used but if they are used appropriately. Through many illustrations and evidence-based study, this dissertation establishes a new view of the similes and attains an in-depth understanding of poetry. This dissertation is a study of the similes, with a view to identifying the limits the existing view of the similes imposed on them and to presenting a new view of the similes on the basis of that identification. Not by unreliable, abstract theorizing but by examining ways and effects similes work in actual poems and by closely analyzing the similes in everyday life, this dissertation advances a new theory of the similes. Although they have long been recognized as a major rhetoric device, few in-depth studies of the similes have been made. Ever since Poetics and Rhetoric by Aristotle(BC 384~322), the study on the similes has been relegated to a part of the study of metaphors. After presenting the existing general views of the similes that 1) effects of the similes are clear and simple and the similes reinforce clarity and concreteness through enhanced imagery, 2) the similes are a lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors and, while the similes are primary expressions with less density, the metaphors are more refined expressions of higher level and 3) the similes and the metaphors are essentially the same and the former are amplification of the latter and the latter is a condensation of the former and, therefore, the former may be replaced with the later, this dissertation raised questions and sought to resolve them. This dissertation examined if the traditional view that the similes can be replaced with metaphors was true. Common similes in daily life and in the poems of Ki Hyungdo, Ryu Siwha and Kim Dongmyung have been extensively examined. As a result of this examination, it has been confirmed that meanings are changed when similes are replaced with metaphors. Because of the contrasting nature of the similes and the metaphors, such as vector (directionality) and naming (interpretation), and participation and possession, the similes can hardly be replaced with the metaphors. This experiment, in which the similes were replaced with metaphors, showed that poetic narrators' vectors have been lost and the poems were transformed into totally different ones. The similes induce the hearer to participate in the speaker's directionality. So the similes are persuasive. Through the study conducted in this dissertation it was found that the existing view that the similes are lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors was not correct. If the similes are considered lower rhetoric than the metaphors, simile-dominated poems would be of lower quality and, in order to upgrade the quality, the similes would be replaced with metaphors. However, there are many examples of good poems where the similes are main rhetoric and where the similes can not be replaced with the metaphors without changing the poems into different poems. What contributes to the making of good poems is not whether similes or metaphors are used but if they are used appropriately. Through many illustrations and evidence-based study, this dissertation establishes a new view of the similes and attains an in-depth understanding of poetry.

폐암 환자에서 폐절제술후 흉부 CT 소견

이아라 대한영상의학회 1992 대한영상의학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Evaluation of postpneumonectomy space (PPS) by CT in patients with lung cancer for operation-related complication or tumor recurrence is critical, but often difficult. We retrospectively analysed CT scans of 38 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer. CT scans were obtained on 7-10th post-operative day for baseline image and at varying intervals of 2 to 24 months thereafter. Usual postoperative findings in patients without complication included mediastinal shifting, changes in subpleural space, changes in parietal pleura, and herniation of contralateral lung. Four patients had postoperative complication including empyema (n=3) and bronchopleural fistula (n=2). Twelve patients showed findings of tumor recurrence such as lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and pericardial and contralateral pleural effusion. By comparing follow-up CT with baseline CT, we were able to detect early cancer recurrence and postoperative complications. Our results indicate that serial chest CT play an important role in the evaluation of the patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer.

교대근무 간호사의 수면, 식생활 행위, 신체활동이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

이아라,임성주,한기혜 기초간호학회 2017 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations of sleep, dietary behaviors and physical activity with quality of life amongshift-work nurses. Methods: For this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were collected from 191 shift-work nurses in a tertiaryhospital. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships among variables. Results: The levels of sleep quality,dietary behaviors and physical activity were low. Factors associated with quality of life among shift-work nurses included sleep disturbance(B=-0.16, β=-0.26, p<.001), dietary behaviors (B=0.28, β=0.24, p<.001), and physical activity (B=0.05, β=0.19, p<.001). The strongest factor was sleep disturbance. Conclusion: In order to improve quality of life among shift-work nurses, it is significant toencourage and maintain health behaviors such as sleep, dietary behaviors and physical activity. Under the circumstances where shiftworkcannot be avoided, personal efforts made by nurses to establish their own living standards for positive health behaviors willbenefit their quality of life.

공과대학생의 진로결정 어려움과 정서·성격적 진로문제 분석

이아라,김원호,이주영 한국공학교육학회 2018 공학교육연구 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of college students majoring in the engineering on career decision difficulties and emotional and personality career difficulties. Data is consisted of 430 college students. We tested the research question by employing the PSM and the multi-regression model. The result showed that college students majoring in the engineering have difficulties in the information about self, the lack of information, and the outside control on career decision more than others. We suggested that career education and counseling of understanding themselves such as interesting, aptitude, and occupational value should be provided for students majoring in the engineering.