성인에서 천식과 체지방지표와의 관련성 연구

안현철 ( Hyun Cheol Ahn ),황규윤 ( Kyu Yoon Hwang ),남해선 ( Hae Seon Nam ),박준수 ( Joon Soo Park ),이준혁 ( June Hyuk Lee ),박성우 ( Sung Woo Park ),김도진 ( Do Jin Kim ),박춘식 ( Choon Sik Park ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2003 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.23 No.2

Background:Obesity is related to asthma symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness. Both asthma and obesity are becoming worldwide chronic health problems. This study was designed to evaluate the association between asthma and anthropometric indices such as

연취급 근로자들의 혈중 ZPP 농도 선별기준에 따른 정확도의 변화

김용배,안현철,황보영,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국,Kim, Yong-Bae,Ahn, Hyun-Cheol,HwangBo, Young,Lee, Gap-Soo,Lee, Sung-Soo,Ahn, Kyu-Dong,Lee, Byung-Kook 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Measurement of blood lead (PbB) and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) are most common biological indices to identify the individual at risk for excess or the health sequences by lead exposure. Because PbB is known most important and reliable index of lead exposure, PbB is often regarded as a gold standard to detect lead exposure. But in Korea PbB is a secondary test item of detailed health check-up with positive finding of screening test in most occasion. Our lead standard requires all lead workers to take annual heath-check twice a year for investigation of their health effect due to lead exposure. Blood ZPP is one of most important index to detect high lead absorption in lead workers as a screening test. Measurement of blood ZPP is known ,well to correlate with PbB in steady state of exposure in most lead workers and is often used as a primary screening test to detect high lead absorption of lead workers with the advantage of simplicity, easiness, portability and low cost. The current cut-off criteria of blood ZPP for further detailed health check-up is $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ which is supposed to match the level of $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ of PbB according to our standard. Authors tried to investigate the validity of current criteria of cut-off level $(100{\mu}g/d\ell)$ of blood ZPP and possible another better cut-off level of it to detect the lead workers whose PbB level over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$. The subjects in our study were 212 male workers in three small scale storage battery industries. Blood ZPP, PbB and hemoglobin (Hb) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. The results were as follows. 1. The mean of blood ZPP, PbB and Hb in lead workers were $79.5{\pm}46.7{\mu}g/d\ell,\;38.7{\pm}15.1{\mu}g/d\ell,\;and\;14.8{\pm}1.2g/d\ell$, respectively. There were significant differences in blood ZPP, PbB and Hb by industry (P<0.01). 2. The percents of lead workers whose blood ZPP were above $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ in the group of work duration below 1, 1-4, 5-9 and above 10 years were 8.6%, 17.2%, 47.6%, and 50.0%, respectively. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ in those were 31.4%, 40.4%, 71.4%, and 86.4%, respectively. 3. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were below $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, $40-59{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $60{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 54.7%, 34.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Those of lead workers whose blood ZPP were below $100{\mu}g/d\ell$, $100-149{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $150{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 79.2%, 13.7% and 7.1%, respectively. 4. Simple linear regression of PbB on blood ZPP was statistically significant (P<0.01) and as PbB was $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, blood ZPP was $82.1{\mu}g/d\ell$. 5. While the highest sensitivity and specificity of blood ZPP test to detect lead workers with PbB eve. $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ were observed in the cut-off level of $50{\mu}g/d\ell$ and $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, respectively, the highest validity (sensitivity+specificity) of blood ZPP to detect lead workers with PbB over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ was observed in the cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP. But even with optimal cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, still 25.0% of false negative and 20.7% false positive lead workers were found. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of current blood ZPP cut-off of our lead standard from $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ to somewhat lower level such as around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ and the inclusion of PbB measurement as a primary screening test for lead workers was highly recommended for the effective prevention of lead workers.

연 폭로시 성별에 따른 혈중 Zinc Protoporphyrin의 양-반응 관계

김용배,리갑수,황규윤,이성수,안규동,이병국,안현철,Kim, Yong-Bae,Lee, Gap-Soo,Hwang, Kyu-Yoon,Lee, Sung-Soo,Ahn, Kyu-Dong,Lee, Byung-Kook,Ahn, Hyun-Cheol 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.4

Objectives : To evaluate whether a relation between blood lead and zinc proto porphyrin(ZPP) was modified by gender in Korean lead workers. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,304 male and 101 female subjects in 1997. The relation between blood lead and ZPP were evaluated with linear, exponential, and quadratic models. Then, the different effect of gender on the relation was examined by adding the interaction terms in the each model. Results : $Mean{\pm}SD$ of blood lead and ZPP level was different between male$(27.7{\pm}10{\mu}g/dl\;and\;51.3{\pm}23.4{\mu}g/dl)$ and female subjects$(22.5{\pm}9.2{\mu}g/dl\;and\;78.7{\pm}38.6{\mu}g/dl)$. After adjusting for possible confounders, the effect modification by gender was significant in linear$(\beta=1.119,\;p<0.001)$, exponential$(\beta=Exp(0.008),\;p<0.05)$, and quadratic model$(\beta=1.388,\;p<0.001)$. In separate analysis, a quadratic relation between blood lead and ZPP was shown in male lead workers$(\beta=0.036,\;p<0.001)$, but an exponential relation in female lead workers$(\beta=Exp(0.029), p<0.001)$. Conclusion : Our data showed that the increasing rate of ZPP in female were always higher than in male lead workers, suggesting that females were more susceptible to occupational lead exposure than males.

종이/페놀수지가 주성분인 동박적층판(Copper Clad Laminate)의 열분해 특성

송재헌(Jae Hun Song),김승도(Seung Do Kim),안현철(Hyun Cheol Ahn),김경수(Gyung Soo Kim),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),정재성(Jae Sung Jung),공성호(Sung Ho Gong),조영개(Young Gae Cho) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.9

본 논문의 목적은 최근 발생량이 급속히 증가하고 있으나, 적절한 처리방법이 없는 인쇄회로기판의 원자재인 페놀수지 동박적층판(Phenol Copper Clad Laminate, 이하 p-CCL)의 재활용을 위해 열분해 적용 가능성을 조사하는데 있다. 동역학 특성은 열중량분석기(Thermogravimetric Analyzer, 이하 TGA)를 사용하였다. 또한 280, 350, 600℃의 온도에서 생성된 액체와 고체부산물에 대해서는 원소분석, 공업분석, 발열량 등의 일반적인 특성을 분석하였고, 액체부산물은 GC/MS, FT-IR를 이용하여 구성 성분을 분석하였다. TGA 결과에 의하면 p-CCL의 분해는 세 단계에 걸쳐 일어났다. 첫 번째는 280℃ 이하의 저온 분해구간, 280∼350℃의 중온분해구간, 350℃ 이상의 고온 분해구간으로 구분할 수 있다. 저온, 중온에서의 액체부산물의 주요 성분은 수분과 페놀인 반면에 고온에서는 가지가 있는 페놀류와 퓨란류로 나타났다. 반응온도가 높아짐에 따라 휘발성분의 양은 감소하는 반면 고정탄소의 함량은 증가하였다. 고체부산물의 고위 발열량은 7,400∼7,600 kcal/kg으로 연료로서의 활용 가능성이 있다고 여겨진다. 또한 고체부산물의 고정탄소 함량이 높고, 회분 성분 함량이 낮기 때문에 적절한 개질화 과정을 거친다면 흡착제로서도 활용 가능하다고 판단된다. Electronic wastes have increased tremendously. However, any reliable treatment methodologies have rarely been established. Electronic wastes have posed serious disposal problem due to their physico-chemical stability. This paper investigated the application possibility of pyrolysis for the purpose of recycling the p-CCL(phenol based Copper Clad Laminate). Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to investigate the thermal decomposition pattern of p-CCL. We elucidated the characteristics of pyrolysis by-products at operating temperatures of 280, 350 and 600℃. GC/MS and FT-IR were used to characterize the liquid by-products along with general characterization methods such as Ultimate Analysis, Proximate Analysis and Heating Value, whereas general characterization methods were only introduced for the solid by-products. At a heating rate of 5℃/min, TGA curves exhibited three decomposition stages: (1) low-temperature decomposition region(<280℃), (2) medium temperature region(280∼350℃) and (3) high-temperature region(>350℃). The major compounds of liquid by-products at low- and medium-temperatures were accounted for by water and phenol, whereas branched phenols and furans were major compounds at high-temperatures. As the temperature increases, volatile quantities decreased but the fixed carbon increased. High heating values of solid by-products(7,400∼7,600 kcal/kg) would suggest that the solid by-products could be applicable as fuel. In addition, high fixed carbon but low ash content of the solid by-products offered an implication that they are capable of being upgradable for adsorbent after applying appropriate activating process.

성인 여성의 과민성방광 증후군과 요실금의 실태조사

김증임 ( Jeung Im Kim ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),안현철 ( Hyun Cheol Ahn ) 여성건강간호학회 2002 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.8 No.4

지방 2차병원 응급실 내원환자의 특성

안현철 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of emergent patients and to contribute the efficient management of emergency medical services in a secondary hospital. The subjects were 16,780 patients visiting the emergency room of a 130-bed local hospital located in Ansung, Kyunggi province during recent one year. The results were as follows: 1. While the highest urgent patients by age groups were over 60 years(9.3%) and 50 - 59 years(4.5%) in order, the highest emergent patients in male(3.2% and 3.3%) were significantly higher than in female(2.4% and 2.2%)(p<0.001). 2. The most frequent arrival time of urgent and emergent patients were on 11 p.m. - 3 a.m. and on 4 a.m. - 8 a.m., respectiverly. 3. The rates of urgent patients by causes of diseases were predominant in traffic accident (10.3%) and in other injury(6.0%), and those of emergent patients were in other injury (9.7%) and in traffic accident(7.1%). 4.The rates of urgent and emergent patients were significant higher in transfer-in patients(22.1% and 25.0%) than in direct visiting patients(both 2.3%)(p<0.001). 5. The rates of urgent and emergent patients among the visiting patients were 2.9% and 2.8%. Consequently, there were insufficient and inappropriate roles and functions of this emergency room. Therefore, further studies for the evaluation of emergency medical service system, roles and functions in emergency room for local hospitals would be recommended.

Association between Hypertension and Obesity in Korean Obese Children

Ahn, Hyun-Cheol,Hwang, Kyu-Yoon,Kim, Dong-Wook 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

배경: 소아비만은 성인비만의 유의한 예측인자이며 소아에서 심혈관질환의 여러 위험인자와 관련이 있다. 기존의 연구들은 비만 유병율과 비만과 식이섭취 또는 건강행위와의 관련성에 관심이 있었으나, 비만아에서의 비만지표는 고혈압과의 연관성에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 목적: 본 연구는 학동기 비만아를 대상으로 고혈압의 유병율을 알아보고 체질량지수(body mass index)가 고혈압에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 연구대상자는 경기도 부천시 소재 3개 초등학교와 1개 중학교 학생 총 271명을 대상으로 국내 학교보건관리에서 적용하는 비만아 선정기준을 이용하여 선정하였다. 연구 참여자에게는 기본적인 의학적 설문, 체질량지수 및 혈액검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 수축기와 이완기 고혈압은 각각 10.7%와 14.8%이었으며, 체질량지수는 고혈압군에서 정상군보다 높았다. 수축기 및 이완기 혈압과 체질량지수와의 상관계수는 r=0.256 및 r=0.320으로 유의한 양의 상관을 보였다. 연령, 성별, 부모의 체질량지수 및 고혈압유무와 총콜레스테롤과 같은 혼란변수를 통제한 다변량 회기분석에서 체질량지수와 수축기 및 이완기 혈압의 회귀계수는 각각 β=0.531 β=0.384로 나타나 체질량지수는 고혈압에 영향을 주는 유의한 설명변수였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 학동기 비만아에서 체질량지수는 수축기 고혈압보다는 이완기 고혈압에 더 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 추후 소아에서의 비만이 심혈관계 질환에 미치는 영향에 대한 전향적 연구가 보완되어야 할 것이다.

연폭로 근로자들의 연폭로 수준에 따른 혈압변화에 관한 연구

리갑수,안현철,김용배,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1

To evaluate the blood pressure change of lead workers by lead exposure level, authors analyzed 1,009 lead workers. Study variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking and drinking habit, age, work duration, blood lead concentration(PbB), ZPP, hemoglobin, BMI and cholesterol. The results were obtained as follow; 1. Means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 126.93mmHg and 74.08mmHg. Systolic pressures were significantly higher in males and drinkers than in females and non-drinkers. Blood pressure was increased as age and work duration were increased. 2. Means of PbB and ZPP were 26.79㎍/㎗, 61.38㎍/㎗ respectively. Male workers' PbB was higher than female workers', and ZPP was contrary. PbB and ZPP were increased as age and work duration were increased. Smokers' and drinkers' PbB were not different from nonsmokers' and nondrinkers' but ZPP were lower. 3. As PbB was increased, systolic pressure was increased, but diastolic pressure was not increased. 4. There were no significant increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure by increase of ZPP. 5. In pearson's correlation analysis, systolic pressure was correlate with BMI(R^(2)=0.2618), hemoglobin (R^(2)=0.1794), cholesterol(R^(2)=0.14334), PbB(R^(2)=0.12616) and alcohol consumption per week(R^(2)=0.10925). 6. In pearson's correlation analysis, diastolic pressure was correlate with BMI(r-square : 0.25037), age, hemoglobin, cholesterol and work duration, but not correlate with PbB. 7. Forward multiple regression analysis using systolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, PbB hemoglobin and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable. 8. Forward multiple regression analysis using diastolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, age, hemoglobin, smoking and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable.

한국 성인에서 색도플러 초음파를 이용한 척추동맥 혈류량의 정상치

홍현숙,차장규,박성진,조준희,박재성,김대호,이혜경,안현철 대한초음파의학회 2003 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.22 No.3

소아에서 알레르기 증상과 알레르겐 특이항체와의 관련성

박준수,안현철,남해선,황규윤 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

To evulate usefulness of application of MAST-CLA to identify allergens in children, authors conducted MAST-CLA allergen-specific IgE assay and collected allergy related symptoms in 88 pediatric allegic patients diagnosed at Soonchunhyand University Chunan Hospital during October 1998 through January 2000. The mean (SD) age of study subjects was 8.8(3.2) years. The frequent allergic symptoms were rhinorrhea (40.9%), nasal stuffiness(38.6%), cough(36.4%), sneezing(35.2%), and itching sensation(28.4%) in order. Among them, 56.8% revealed at least more than one allergen specific IgE by MAST-CLA. The three most frequent specific allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae(52.3%) Dermatophagies pteronyssinus(51.1%), and house dust(35.2%). The positive rate of allergen specific IgE was increased by increasing age(P<0.001). Among the symptoms the sneezing showed most high positive rate of allergen specific IgE(80.7%) and total IgE(80.7%). In multivariate analysis, significant odds ratios remained(adjusted OR-4.66, P=0.004). In conclusion, our data suggest that allergic symptoms are associated with allergen-specific IgE using MAST-CLA assay, which is an useful measure for identification of causative allergens in pediatric allergen patients.