‘고양 가와지볍씨’의 고고학적 접근 - 파른 손보기교수 탄신 100주년을 기리며 -

손보기(Powkee SOHN),이융조(Yung-jo LEE),박태식(Tae-shik PARK),우종윤(Jong-yoon WOO) 한국박물관학회 2022 博物館學報 Vol.- No.43

우리나라 최초의 신도시개발계획의 일환으로 시작된 일산신도시문화유적 조사를 이끈 손보기 교수(단장, 한국선사문화연구소 소장, 전 연세대교수)는 일산일대에 발달된 토탄층에서 볍씨를 찾고자 1지역(한국선사문화연구소팀), 2지역(가와지, 충북대학교 고고미술사학과팀), 3지역(단국대학교 박물관팀) 으로 조직하였다. 그 가운데 충북대학교 팀은 가와지 현장 (1지구)에서 볍씨를 찾고, 그 연대가 5,020년(미국 Beta연구소)으로 밝혀내어, 학계의 중요한 논제로 등장하였다. 이어서 2지구(3,000년)에서도 볍씨를 찾아 박태식박사의 노력으로 재배벼의 진화에 관한 연구업적을 학계에 보고하였다. 또한 김정희선생의 연구로 단국대팀(3지역)의 빗살무늬 토기에서 벼의 규소체를 확인하여, 보다 확실한 기준을 제시하였다. 이들 자료는 충주 조동리유적(충북대 발굴)에서도 증명되어, 우리나라 벼 재배와 농경문제에 대한 분명한 자료와 근거로 제시하게 되었다. 계속하여 충북대는 청주 소로리볍씨 (15,000 ~ 17,000BP) 발견과 연구로 가와지볍씨가 소로리에서 부터 진화한 것으로 밝혀내었다. 신용하교수(서울대)는 이러한 자료와 연구위에서 좀 더 발전하여 “한강문화권”의 설정․위상을 세우는 큰 업적을 학계에 발표하였다. 그러한 점에서 30년 전 발굴된 고양 가와지볍씨 연구와 성과를 위하여 큰 격려와 배려를 아끼지 아니하신 손보기교수의 탄신 100주년을 기리고자 이 글을 봉정하고자 한다. 마침 고양시에서는 볍씨 기념탑의 준공과 “고양 가와지쌀”을 서울 롯데백화점에 출시하여, 손교수님의 탄신을 축하하는 의미로 해석되어 더욱 경하하는 바이다. ‘Goyang Gawaji Rice’ refers to rice crops found from the Gawaji site, Daehwa- dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang City, Gyeonggi Province. Korea. The site was investigated by the department team of Archaeology and Art History, Chungbuk National University for 102 days through 2 times of excavation. The site includes 3 localities, Gawaji Loc.1, Loc.2 and Loc.3. In this paper, the writers talk about the Gawaji Locs.1 and 2, except the Loc.3 belonging to the Paleolithic age. From the cultural layer named Daehwa-ri at the Loc.1, there were excavated rice grains dated 5,020BP. It immediately suggested possibility of the Neolithic agriculture. In addition to the remains from Loc.1, the Gawaji Loc. 2 also yielded other rice grains dated 3,000~2,500BP. Consequently, the rice remains have been thought a valuable information on evolution process of rice species. In general, wild rice has bigger shattering habits. By G. B. Thompson’s theory (Thompson, 1992), it is thought that the rice contains evidence of human gathering activity with cut pedicel observed by SEM (Lee et al, 1994). Charcoal from the layer was dated 4,330±80bp (Beta-45536), that was recalibrated 5,020BP by MASCA (Lee, 1977). Heu pointed out that the Type I looks a little smaller but narrower and longer, that is longer than japonica but shorter than indica.

착체중합법을 이용한 (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 Cyan 나노 무기안료 합성

손보람,윤대호,한규성,조우석,황광택,김진호 한국세라믹학회 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Here, we report preparation of cyan ceramic nano-pigment for inkjet printing and the Ni substitutional effects on the cyan color. MgAl2O4 was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of nickel-based cyan ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of NixMg1-x Al2O4 (0≤x≤1) powders were prepared using the polymerized complex method. The powder was then preheated at 400oC for 5 h and finally calcined at 1000oC for 5 h. XRD patterns of NixMg1-x Al2O4 showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all the compositions. The particle sizes ranged from 20 to 50 nm in TEM observations. The characteristics of the color tones of NixMg1-x Al2O4 were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and CIE L*a*b* measurement. CIE L*a*b* measurement results indicate that the pigment color changes from light cyan to deep cyan due to the decrease of the a* and b* values with an increase of an Ni substitutional amount. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding nature of NixMg1-x Al2O4 are also discussed using TG-DSC and FT-IR results respectively.

착체중합법을 이용한 (Ni,Mg)Al₂O₄ Cyan 나노 무기안료 합성

손보람,윤대호,한규성,조우석,황광택,김진호,Son, Bo-Ram,Yoon, Dea-Ho,Han, Kyu-Sung,Cho, Woo-Suk,Hwang, Kwang-Taek,Kim, Jin-Ho 한국세라믹학회 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Here, we report preparation of cyan ceramic nano-pigment for inkjet printing and the Ni substitutional effects on the cyan color. $MgAl_2O_4$ was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of nickel-based cyan ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) powders were prepared using the polymerized complex method. The powder was then preheated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and finally calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. XRD patterns of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all the compositions. The particle sizes ranged from 20 to 50 nm in TEM observations. The characteristics of the color tones of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurement results indicate that the pigment color changes from light cyan to deep cyan due to the decrease of the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values with an increase of an Ni substitutional amount. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding nature of $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ are also discussed using TG-DSC and FT-IR results respectively.

착체중합법을 이용한 (Co,Mg)Al2O4 및 (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 청색 나노 무기안료 합성

손보람,윤대호,김진호,한규성,조우석,황광택 한국세라믹학회 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.6

In this study, the properties of blue inorganic nano-pigments with a spinel structure were systematically investigated. We report the preparation of a blue ceramic nano-pigment and the Co and Ni substitutional effects on the blue color. MgAl2O4 was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of cobalt and nickel-based blue ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of CoxMg1-xAl2O4and NixMg1-xAl2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) powders were prepared using apolymerized complex method. The obtained powder was preheated at 400oC for 5 h and then calcined at 1000oC for 5 h. XRD patterns of the (Co,Mg)Al2O4 and (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 samples showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all compositions. TEM results indicated nano-sized pigments for (Co,Mg)Al2O4and (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 with a particle size ranging from 20 to 50 nm. The characteristics of the color tones of (Co,Mg)Al2O4 and (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 were analyzed by CIE L*a*b* measurements. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding characteristics of (Co,Mg)Al2O4, (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 are discussed in terms of the TG-DSC and FT-IR results, respectively.

발레무용수들의 족부상해에 관한 증례 보고

손보람,이주희,이경태 한양대학교 우리춤연구소 2022 우리춤과 과학기술 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 2011년 10월부터 2019년 8월까지 서울시에 소재한 K정형외과에 내원 하였던 발레전공 무용수들 31명에 대한 챠트분석을 실시하여 발레무용수들의 족부 질 환의 양상, 발생 빈도에 관한 증례 보고를 제시하고자 하였다. 무용수들은 동일한 의 사에 의해 진찰되었고 개개인의 문진, 단순방사선촬영(X선 검사)에 의한 임상적 진단 을 위주로 하였으며, 상해의 중증도의 여부에 따라 초음파 검사(Ultrasonography) 및 자기공명영상진단법(MRI,Magnetic Resonance Imaging)을 사용하여 감별진 단을 하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론를 얻게 되었다. 첫째, 발레무용수들은 총 13개 유형(열상(17례), 힘줄염(17례), 근손상(16례) 관 절염(14례), 인대파열(9례), 골절(8례), 발목염좌(5례), 삼각골증후군(3례), 내측 경골 스트레스 증후군(2례), 족저근막염(1례), 후천성 발가락변형(1례), 중족골통(1 례), 후천성평발(1례))의 족부 질환을 앓고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 10대와 20대의 족부질환 발생율은 10대는 53례, 20대는 42례로 10대 무용 수에서 족부질환의 발현률이 좀 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. This study conducted a chart analysis on 31 ballet dancers who visited the K Orthopedic Surgery Clinic located in Seoul from October 2011 to August 2019, and reported case reports on the pattern and frequency of foot diseases in ballet dancers. The dancers were examined by the same doctor, and the clinical diagnosis was mainly based on individual questionnaires and plain radiography (X-ray examination). Depending on the severity of the injury, ultrasound examination (Ultrasonography) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, Magnetic) Resonance Imaging) was used for differential diagnosis. As a result, the following results were obtained: First, It was found that ballet dancers suffered from a total of 13 types of foot diseases.(Laceration (17cases), Tendonitis (17cases), Muscle damage (16cases), Arthritis (14cases), Desmorrhexis (9cases), Fractures (8cases), Ankle sprains (5cases), OS trigonum syndrome (3cases), Medial distress syndrome (2cases), plantar fasciitis (1case), acquired toe deformity (1case), metatarsalgi (1case), acquired flat foot (1case)) Second, the incidence rate of foot disease in teenagers and 20s was 53 cases in teenagers and 42 cases in their 20s, indicating that the incidence rate of foot disease was higher in teenage dancers.

제강분진을 활용한 고온발색 청색무기안료 합성 및 특성에 관한 연구

손보람,김진호,한규성,조우석,황광택,Son, Bo-Ram,Kim, Jin-Ho,Han, Kyu-Sung,Cho, Woo-Suk,Hwang, Kwang-Taek 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.3

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a solid waste generated by the steel-scrap recycling process. It mainly consists of zinc oxides (ZnO), alumina ($Al_2O_3$), iron oxides ($Fe_2O_3$), and silica ($SiO_2$). Here we report the preparation and characterization of blue ceramic pigments using EAFD powder as a starting material. $(Zn(EAFD),Co)Al_2O_4$ blue ceramic pigment was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The color characteristics of the pigment obtained were compared with those of pure $CoAl_2O_4$. The new pigment was characterized using XRD, CIE-$L^*a^*b^*$ color-measurements, SEM, and EDX. The XRD analysis revealed that the $(Zn(EAFD),Co)Al_2O_4$ pigment was composed of mainly the spinel phase of $(Zn,Co)Al_2O_4$. The $Zn(EAFD)_{0.25}Co_{0.75}Al_2O_4$ pigments showed a vivid blue color with a $b^*$ value of -28.64 and a good glaze stability with a transparent glaze.

착체중합법을 이용한 (Co,Mg)Al₂O₄ 및 (Ni,Mg)Al₂O₄ 청색 나노 무기안료 합성

손보람,윤대호,김진호,한규성,조우석,황광택,Son, Bo-Ram,Yoon, Dea-Ho,Kim, Jin-Ho,Han, Kyu-Sung,Cho, Woo-Suk,Hwang, Kwang-Taek 한국세라믹학회 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.6

In this study, the properties of blue inorganic nano-pigments with a spinel structure were systematically investigated. We report the preparation of a blue ceramic nano-pigment and the Co and Ni substitutional effects on the blue color. $MgAl_2O_4$ was selected as the crystalline host network for the synthesis of cobalt and nickel-based blue ceramic nano-pigments. Various compositions of $Co_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ and $Ni_xMg_{1-x}Al_2O_4$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) powders were prepared using apolymerized complex method. The obtained powder was preheated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and then calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. XRD patterns of the (Co,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ and (Ni,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ samples showed a single phase of the spinel structure in all compositions. TEM results indicated nano-sized pigments for (Co,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ and (Ni,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ with a particle size ranging from 20 to 50 nm. The characteristics of the color tones of (Co,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ and (Ni,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ were analyzed by CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ measurements. In addition, the thermal stability and the binding characteristics of (Co,Mg)$Al_2O_4$, (Ni,Mg)$Al_2O_4$ are discussed in terms of the TG-DSC and FT-IR results, respectively.

사례연구를 통한 수량변화분석 기반 건축공사비 개산견적 모델 분석

손보식(Son Bo-Sik),박문서(Park Moon-Seo),이현수(Lee Hyun-Soo),임대희(Lim Dae-Hee) 대한건축학회 2008 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.24 No.6

Recently, the market environment of construction industry in Korea is undergoing rapid changes and construction companies are struggling to survive in keen competition. One of those is the change of project delivery system, which results that decision making related to a project should be made in the early stage of the project. Thus, the importance of schematic cost estimating is being emphasized. Using a case study, this research analyzes and validates the Quantity Based Active Schematic cost Estimating (Q- BASE) model and prototype developed and proposed on the precedent paper to improve accuracy and reliability compared with the traditional method in building projects. Case study result on structure cost of two real residential complex building projects using proposed model shows that difference between actual cost and estimated cost was smaller than using the existing model by regression analysis technique or artificial neural network technique. Considering that within 5% deviation is small amount in the early stage of cost estimating, the results suggest that the proposed model guarantees accuracy and reliability. In addition, the sensitivity analysis in case study suggests that this model is capable of tracing change in quantity and of items and change in material cost and labor cost. This enables us to more actively cope with changes of design alternatives and market environment. Moreover, it takes into account relationship with detailed cost estimating.

동양화 창작론에서 ‘신’개념에 대한 고찰

손보미 한국조형교육학회 2009 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.33

We could recognize that the basic explaining ways of painting of China was form and ‘Xin’ concepts by searching Chinese painting theories, which was records about ancient oriental paintings. According to painting theories, ‘Xin(神, spiritual being)’, which had been talked for more than 1000 years, was important concept. Ku K'aichih thought that the most important thing in a portrait was expressing the person’s ‘Xin’, and the spiritual being was located in the center of eyes. Otherwise, to Shiht'ao he used for ‘Xin’, as artist's creative ability. In my opinion, ‘Xin’ which was mentioned in painting theory, had various hidden meanings. So I investigated the hidden meanings that were mentioned in Chinese painting theories by finding and analyzing the concept. Examine essay on painting more precisely, we find various aspects of ‘Xin’ actually. In this paper, I had an assumption that ‘Xin’ had equivalent meaning for originality. At first, I sought the examples of ‘Xin’ used as a meaning of originality in their essays on painting. Second, I analyzed the details on the ‘Xin’ more clearly, and revealed the term ‘Xin’ implied characteristics of originality as artwork should possess. According to my result the concept of ‘Xin’ became more clear and accurate to us. To integrated, I thought the schema of the concept ‘Xin’ and originality were resemble in some points. First point is both were the creation goal in the context of painting. second point is both were derived from object with mind and third point is to get both were absolutely depended on artist himself, at this time the state of artist's mind is free everything ready-made. I think when they make their artwork, they constantly observe and pay attention to their object for real. through observation and attention, they communicate with object at last, see object their own eyes. The result of these process, they paint artwork to display originality.

시설원예(施設園藝) 작물(作物)에서 토착(土着) VA균근균(菌根菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) -III. 토착(土着) VA 균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과

손보균,양원모,김광식,Sohn, Bo-Kyoon,Yang, Won-Mo,Kim, Kwang-Sik 한국토양비료학회 1992 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.25 No.1

공시작물(供試作物) 오이, 토마토, 가지, 고추 및 멜론의 육묘단계(育苗段階)를 포함(包含)한 초기생육(初期生育)에 토착(土着) VA균근균(菌根菌)의 접종효과를 구명(究明)하기 위해 수행(遂行)한 실험결과(實驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 건물중(乾物重), 초장(草長), 엽면적(葉面積) 등에서 공시(供試)된 5개 작물(作物) 모두 VA균근균(菌根菌)의 접종효과를 보였는데 오이의 경우 엽면적(葉面積)에서 유의성(有意性)있는 차이(差異)를 보이고, 초장(草長)은 정식(定植) 후인 출아(出芽) 후 6주부터 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 토마토의 경우는 엽면적(葉面積)과 초장(草長)에서 전(全) 조사기간(調査時期)에 토착(土着) VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종처리(接種處理)에서 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)에 대한 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과는 정식(定植) 후에 유의성(有意性)있는 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)되었다. 멜론의 초장(草長)과 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)에서 전(全) 조사기간(調査期間)에 유의성(有意性)있는 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과를 보이고 인정(認定)되었고 뿌리 신선중(新鮮重)에서도 출아(出芽) 후 4주부터 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 가지의 경우에 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)의 경시적(經時的) 조사결과(調査結果) 출아(出芽) 후 4주부터 유의성(有意性)있는 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과가 인정(認定)되었으며, 초장(草長)의 경우도 이식(移植) 후에 유의성(有意性)있는 차이(差異)를 나타냈으며, 엽면적(葉面積)과 지상부(地上部) 신성중(新鮮重)은 출아(出芽)후 8주, 12주 조사시(調査時)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 고추의 엽면적(葉面積)에서 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과가 초기(初期)부터 크게 나타났고 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重) 및 신선중(新鮮重)도 출아(出芽) 후 4주를 제외(除外)한 전(全) 조사기간(調査時期)에 유의성(有意性)있는 차이(差異)를 나타냈다. 공시(供試)된 작물(作物)의 VA균근균(菌根菌) 감염률(感染率)은 생율(生育)의 진전(進展)에 따라 증가(增加)되었으며, 고추를 제외(除外)한 나머지 작물(作物)에서 이식(移植) 후 1주경에는 떨어졌으나 출아(出芽) 후 8주의 조사시(調査時)에는 다시 회복(回復)되어 출아(出芽)후 12주에 50% 내외(內外)의 감염률(感染率)을 보였고, 출아(出芽) 후 12주의 공시작물(供試作物) 근권(根圈)중 포자밀도(胞子密度)는 건토(乾土) 50g당 $72.7{\pm}26.3{\sim}100{\pm}10.3$개의 수준(水準)이었으며 오이와 토마토에서 높은 경향(傾向)이었다. 지상부(地上部) 식물체(植物體)의 무기성분(無機成分) 분석결과(分析結果)에서 전(全) 질소(窒素)는 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종처리(接種處理)에서 낮은 함량(含量)을 보였고, 인산(燐酸)은 토마토와 고추에서, 가리(加里)는 오이와 가지에서, 석회(石灰)는 토마토, 고토(苦土)는 토마토와 멜론에서 가장 높은 함량(含量)을 나타냈으며, 미량질소(微量窒素)인 철(鐵), 아연(亞鉛), 망간 및 구리 등의 함량(含量)에서도 VA균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과가 인정(認定)되었지만 가지에서는 오히려 낮은 흡수량(吸收量)을 보였다. Effects of the indigenous Vesicular-arbuscular mycurrhizal fungi(VAMF) on early growth response of greenhouse grown crops were experimented. This study was done to evaluate the benefit of indigenous VAMF inoculation on the early growth and the subsequent growth after transplanting of some crops such as cucumber, tomato, hot pepper, eggplant, and melon. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and plant length of mycorrhizal greenhouse crops showed the tendency of significant or no significant increase over control plants receiving no inoculation. The levels of VA mycorrhizal colonization were increased with plant growth, and infection rates of horticultural crop except hot pepper around one week after transplanting were decreased, while that of 8 weeks after emergence of mycorrhizal seedlings were increased again and infected by around 50% at harvesting time. In spore densities in the rhizosphere soil of craps experimented, the number of spore ranged from $72.7{\pm}26.3$ to $100{\pm}10.3g^1$ on dried soil basis and high density showed in both cucumber and tomato. Total nitrogen contents in shoots were lower in the mycorrhizal plants than non-mycorrhizal one, whereas P uptake in mycorrhizal hot pepper and tomato were highly ramarkable. The K contents in the shoots of mycorrhizal cucumber and eggplent were highly enhanced. Inoculation of the indigenous VAMF enhanced shoot Ca and Mg in both tomoto and melon. The contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in shoots of mycorrhizal crops were higher than non-mycorrhizal plants and vice versa in case of eggplent. Inoculation of the indigenous VAMF to horticultural crops were effective for alleviation of transplanting shock, and pretransplanting infection improved subsequent growth by reducing the time required for establishment of a functional mycorrhizal symbiosis following transplanting.