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서성만,최식영,서정민,Ki Jin Jung,허남호,임우택 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.8
The single-crystal structure of |Ca35.5|[Si121Al71O384]-FAU, Ca35.5Si121Al71O384 per unit cell, a = 24.9020(10) Å, dehydrated at 673 K and 2 × 10-6 Torr, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd 3m at 294 K. The large single crystals of zeolite Y (Si/Al = 1.70) were synthesized up to diameters of 200 μm and Ca2+-exchanged zeolite Y were prepared by ion exchange in a batch method of 0.05 M aqueous Ca(NO3)2 for 4 hrs at 294 K. The structure was refined using all intensities to the final error indices (using only the 971 reflections for which Fo > 4σ(Fo)) R1 = 0.038 (based on F) and R2 = 0.172 (based on F2). About 35.5 Ca2+ ions per unit cell are found at an unusually large number of crystallographically distinct positions, four. Nearly filling site I (at the centers of the double 6-rings), 14.5 octahedrally coordinated Ca2+ ions (Ca-O = 2.4194(24) Å and O-Ca-O = 87.00(8) and 93.00(8)o) are found per unit cell. One Ca2+ ions per unit cell is located at site II’ in the sodalite cavity and extends 0.50 Å into the sodalite cavity from its 3-oxygen plane (Ca-O = 2.324(13) Å and O-Ca-O = 115.5(10)o). The remaining twenty Ca2+ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (in the supercages) with occupancies of 10 and 10 ions, respectively. Each of these Ca2+ ions coordinates to three framework oxygens, either at 2.283(3) or 2.333(5) Å, respectively, and extends either 0.24 or 0.54 Å, respectively, into the supercage from the three oxygens to which it is bound. In this crystal, site I is the most populated; sites II’ and II are only sparsely occupied. Ca2+ appears to fit the octahedral site I best. No cations are found at sites III or III’, which are clearly less favorable for Ca2+ ions in dehydrated zeolite Y.
서성만,서정민,고성운,임우택,Seo, Sung-Man,Suh, Jeong-Min,Ko, Seong-Oon,Lim, Woo-Taik Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.4
최대 0.20 mm 크기를 가진 아날심 단결정은 $3.00SiO_2$ : $1.50NaAlO_2$ : 8.02NaOH : $454H_2O$ : 5.00TEA의 겔 조성으로부터 합성되어졌다. $Na^+$ 이온으로 완전히 이온교환 된 아날심은 0.1 M 농도의 NaCl 수용액으로부터 준비하였다(이온교환용액의 pH는 NaOH 용액을 첨가하여 6에서 11로 맞추었다). $|Na_{0.94}(H_2O)|[Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6]-ANA(a=13.703(3){\AA})$의 분자식을 가지는 수화된 아날심 단결정의 구조는 294 K에서 Ibca의 orthorhombic 공간군으로 단결정 X-선 회절기법에 의해 결정되었다. 결정 구조의 최종 에러값은 $R_1/wR_2$= 0.054/0.143에 수렴되었다. 약 15개의 $Na^+$ 이온이 팔면체 배위로 3군데의 비동등한 위치에서 발견되었다. 합성된 아날심의 화학적 조성은 $Na_{0.94}(H_2O)Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6$ 확인되었으며, Si/Al 비는 단결정 구조 정밀화를 통하여 찾은 양이온의 점유수인 14.79개에 의해 2.19로 결정되었다. Large colorless single crystals of analcime with diameters up to 0.20 mm have been synthesized from gels with the composition of $3.00SiO_2$ : $1.50NaAlO_2$ : 8.02NaOH : $454H_2O$ : 5.00TEA. The fully $Na^+$-exchanged analcime have been prepared with aqueous 0.1 M NaCl (pH adjusted from 6 to 11 by dropwise addition of NaOH). The single-crystal structure of hydrated $|Na_{0.94}(H_2O)|[Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6]$-ANA per unit cell, a=13.703(3) ${\AA}$, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique in the orthorhombic space group Ibca at 294 K. The structure was refined using all intenties to the final error indices (using only the 1,446 reflections for which $F_o$ > $4{\sigma}(F_o))R_1/wR_2$ = 0.054/0.143. About 15 $Na^+$ ions are located at three nonequivalent positions and octahedrally coordinated. The chemical composition is $Na_{0.94}(H_2O)Si_{2.06}Al_{0.94}O_6$. The Si/Al ratio of synthetic analcime is 2.19 determined by the occupations of cations, 14.79, in the single-crystal determination work.
과학영재들을 위한 과학 지도 방법의 개발 및 교육 프로그램 사례 연구
서성만,이석희,임우택 한국과학영재교육학회 2012 과학영재교육 Vol.4 No.1
본 연구에서는 과학영재들이 실제 과학자와 같은 과학적 연구를 수행하여 교육을 할 수 있는 과학영재를 위한 과학 지도 방법을 개발하고 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 과학 지도 방법은 과학적 실험 및 탐구를 기반으로 하고자 하였으며 과학자의 연구과정과 결과물인 공개 발표자료 및 연구 논문을 도출하는 과정까지 포함하고 있다. 과학영재들을 위한 과학 지도 방법은 서론, 실험, 결과 및 결론 등 4단계로 구성되어 있으며, “전이금속으로 이온교환된 FAU 제올라이트의 특성분석”이라는 연구 주제로 하여 A 과학영재교육원 화학반 사사과정 과학영재들에게 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 과학 지도 방법은 과학영재 교육의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study suggested a method of science teaching to perform and experience about scientific research as scientist for the scientifically gifted students. The method of science teaching based on scientific experiments and investigations includes the study course of scientist and to make presentation and study paper. This method has total four phases such as introduction, experiment, results and discussion, and conclusion and was applied in chemistry with the topic of “Characterization of Transition Metal-Exchanged FAU Zeolite” for the gifted students of Science Education Institute for the Gifted, Andong National University, Korea. The educational process using the suggested method in this study can be improved the efficiencies of science education for scientifically gifted students.
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium-sorbed Ca2+-exchanged Zeolite A for High-performance Feed
서성만,임우택,이상귀,김후식,이하영 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.4
This study was carried out to develop high-performance feed using selenium-sorbed Ca2+-exchanged zeoliteA. The contents of Se increased with increasing reaction temperature and the content of Ca2+ ions inCa2+-exchanged zeolite A. A synthesized high-performance feed (0.306 ppm) was applied to poultry farmingfor 4 and 7 weeks, respectively. Se contents in chicken meats and eggs were 18.8, 27.2, and 94.1 ppb and 73.7,14.9, and 64.5 ppb for control (retail chicken meats), 4, and 7 weeks, respectively; Ca contents were 3.8, 9.9,and 11.9 ppm and 48.6, 48.3, and 53.6 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, Se and Ca contents in chicken meatsincreased as feeding periods increased, but significant differences were not observed in the eggs.
Partially Dehydrated Fully Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.70) and Its Structure
서성만,김영훈,이석희,임우택 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.2
The crystal structure of partially dehydrated fully Zn2+-exchanged zeolite Y was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd m at 294(1) K and refined to the final error indices R1/wR2= 0.035/0.119 for |Zn35.5(H2O)13|[Si121Al71O384]-FAU. About 35.5 Zn2+ ions per unit cell are found at six distinct positions; sites I, I’, a second I’, II’, II, and a second II. In sodalite cavities, the 11 water molecules coordinate to Zn(I’b) and/or Zn(II’) ions; each of two H2O bonds to a Zn(IIb) in supercages. Two different Zn2+ positions near 6-oxygen ring are due to their Si-Al ordering in tetrahedral site by Si/Al ratio leading to the different kinds of 6-rings.
롤투롤 스퍼터를 이용하여 PET 기판 위에 제조된 ITO 박막의 색도(b*) 및 투과도 연구
서성만,강보갑,김후식,임우택,최식영,Seo, Sung-Man,Kang, Bo-Gab,Kim, Hu-Sik,Lim, Woo-Taik,Choi, Sik-Young 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.7
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films on Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET) substrate were prepared by Roll-to-Roll sputter system with targets of 5 wt% and 10 wt% $SnO_2$ at room temperature. The influence of the chromaticity (b*) and transmittance properties of the ITO Films were investigated. The ITO thin films were deposited as a function of the DC power, rolling speed, and Ar/$O_2$ gas flow ratio, and then characterized by spectrophotometer. Their crystallinity and surface resistance were also analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and 4-point probe. As a result, the chromaticity (b*) and transmittance of the ITO films were broadly dependent on the thickness, which was controlled by the rolling speed. When the ITO films were prepared with the DC power of 300 W and the Ar/$O_2$ gas flow ratio of 30/1 sccm using 10 wt% $SnO_2$ target as a function of the rolling speeds 0.01 through 0.10 m/min, its chromaticity (b*) and transmittance were about -4.01 to 11.28 and 75.76 to 86.60%, respectively. In addition, when the ITO films were deposited with the DC power of 400W and the Ar/$O_2$ gas flow ratio of 30/2 sccm used in 5 wt% $SnO_2$ target, its chromaticity (b*) and transmittance were about -2.98 to 14.22 and 74.29 to 88.52%, respectively.
이온플레이팅법으로 제조된 TiAlLaN계 박막의 산화속도
서성만,이기선,이기안,Seo Sung Man,Lee Kee Sun,Lee Kee-Ahn 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.3
TiAl(La)N thin films were oxidized in vacuum of about 7 Pa to reduce the oxidation of WC-Co as a substrate. The oxidation rate constants of the thin films were quantified by an assumption of parabolic oxidation. Increasing AI content significantly decreased the parabolic oxidation rate constant. A simultaneous addition of AI and La was more effective to reduce the oxidation rate. The parabolic oxidation rate constant of $Ti_{0.66}$ $Al_{0.32}$ $La_{ 0.02}$N thin film at 1273 K showed about ten times lower than that of TiN. The addition of a small amount of La with Al induced the preferential formation of dense $\alpha$ $-Al_2$$O_3$ film in oxide film, leading to the abrupt reduction of oxidation rate.