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부경환,서정규,안종철,Key Zung Riu,김순일 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
The extract of Achyranthes japonica was tested for effects on larval survival and development and the ovipositionbehavior of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. Chinese cabbage dipped in A. japonica extract solutionshowed 51–80% antifeedant activity for 5 days against P. xylostella larvae, and more larvae were also on untreatedcabbage leaves 24 h after release. The mortality of P. xylostella larvae increased proportionally to theduration of dipping time in the extract, and both pupation and emergence rates of larvae feeding only on treatedcabbage were lower than those for larvae raised on untreated or with a choice of cabbage. The 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E) concentration in leaves was approximately 549, 1232, 1275, and 1426 μg/g at 6, 12, 24, and48 h after dipping treatment, respectively. Notably, naive females laid more eggs on untreated cabbage than ontreated cabbage, and females from larvae raised on treated Chinese cabbage also preferred the non-treatedleaves. Our results are in contrast to those from earlier studies using various insect models that confirmed mostfemales prefer to lay eggs on the host type that was eaten in the larval stage (Hopkins host selection principle). Cabbage dipped in the A. japonica solution for 24 h caused 59% larval mortality and inhibited both pupation andemergence rates of the larvae when exposed to plants 15 and 22 days after planting in the field, with the 20Econcentration in the treated cabbage leaves at 1600.9 ± 122.36 and 1386.8 ± 24.69 μg/g, respectively. Therefore, the biological effectiveness could be attributed to the 20E in the treated cabbage leaves.
Anti-bacterial and Anti-viral Activity of Extracts from Paeonia lactiflora Roots
부경환,Doseung Lee,Jin-Kyu Woo,Seung Hee Ko,Eun-Hyoung Jeong,Quanchun Hong,Key Zung Riu,Dong-Sun Lee 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1
Methanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora roots (Radix Paeaniae Lactiflora) had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. These extracts generated superoxide radicals in the B. subtilis lysate. However, the radicals were strongly detoxified by the addition of superoxide dismutase, an indication that superoxide radicals are important in the antibacterial actions of the extracts. The root extracts also showed a pivotal inhibition role in trafficking of viral glycoprotein in virusinfected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The methanol extract effectively inhibited syncytium formation in a concentration-dependent, and it did not affect glycoprotein synthesis. These results suggest that oxygen radical affect the transport process of viral glycoprotein without its synthesis.
A Profile of Expressed Sequence Tags in Newly Developing Leaves of Aralia elata Seem
부경환,이도승,진성범,김성철,김재훈,이진만,김소미,이동선,류기중 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.5
A cDNA library was constructed from the newly developed young leaves of Aralia elata Seem, and a total of 2,755 cDNAs were partially sequenced. Sequences with high quality greater than 150 bp after trimming vector and ambiguous sequences resulted in 2,689 ESTs. These ESTs were clustered into 2,010 unigenes consisting of 376contigs with two or more ESTs and 1,634 singletons. A homology search with BLASTX against the NCBI database identified 1,256 (63%) unigenes homologous to proteins of known or putative function, 350 (17%) genes assumed as proteins with unknown function, and 404 (20%) unigenes with no significant match to any protein sequence, including sequences with matches greater than the E value of -105in the NCBI database. The expression level of each gene was analyzed based on the number of cDNA clones in each contig composed of at least 10 ESTs. The most abundant gene identified was acid phosphatase. The genes related to chlorophyll a-b binding protein, elongation factor 1-alpha,ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit and cyclophilin were also plentiful. The 1,259 unigenes matched with proteins of known or putative function were classified into a functional category using the MIPS BLAST program and 616 unigenes were assigned to putative biochemical functions. Furthermore, five, sixteen and twelve unigenes in our EST set were assumed as proteins involved in squalene synthesis, cytochrome P450 and glycosyltransferase, respectively. These genes should be further explored for their involvement in the saponin biosynthesis pathway in A. elata Seem.
부경환,이동선,Quyen Van Nguyen,Seong-Beom Jin,강승태,Cao Dang Viet,박세필,Key Zung Riu 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.3
To better understand 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)fluctuation and accumulation in perennial plant, 20E concentration in individual organs of Achyranthes japonica during reproductive growth stage were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentrations of 20E in root and floral part were much higher than those in stem and leaf during reproductive growth stage and rapidly increased from flowering stage in August to seed-setting stage in October, and thereafter decreased at the stage of seed maturing in November. In contrast,the 20E concentrations in stem and leaf gradually decreased during reproductive growth. In the analysis of detailed fluctuation of 20E in floral part, the 20E concentration was highest in the seed at the early stage of seed development, compared to flower,peduncle, seed coat, and/or seed in other growth stages, and decreased during seed maturation. The accumulation of 20E in reproductive organs, especially seed and root, suggests that 20E has a defensive role for protection of especially newly developing organs against phytophagous insects.
부경환 한국농약과학회 2022 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.4
엑디스테로이드(ecdysteroid)는 곤충의 탈피호르몬인 엑디손(ecdysone)의 유사화합물을 총칭하는 것인데, 이 화합물은 동물계(곤충) 뿐만 아니라 식물계에도 존재한다. 현재까지 밝혀진 엑디스테로이드는 500여종인데, 곤충과 식물에 공통으로 존재하는 엑디스테로이드의 대표적인 활성 화합물은 엑디스테론[ecdysterone, 20-hydroxyedcysone(20E)]이다. 20E는 곤충에서는 탈피뿐만 아니라 배 발생, 변태, 발달, 생식 등에도 관여하는 중요한 호르몬으로 밝혀져 있고, 식물에서는 비적응 식물가해 곤충에 대한 방어작용을 하는 내충활성물질로 알려져 있다. 실제로 본 연구실에서도 20E 또는 20E를 함유한 식물추출물의 내충활성을 확인하여 본 결과, 일부 곤충에 대한 섭식저해, 기피뿐만 아니라 살충활성도 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이 화합물은 작물을 해충으로부터 보호하는 작물보호제로 개발이 가능할 것으로 보이는데, 특성상 극성이 매우 높아 곤충의 외피를 투과하여 체내로 흡수시키기가 용이하지 않고, 해충뿐만 아니라 생태계 모든 곤충에 작용하여 생태계 교란의 위험이 있어 직접 작물보호제로 개발하는 데에는 어려움이 있다. 반면, 20E의 식물체내 흡수/전이/축적 정도를 확인하여 본 결과, 작물에 따라 차이는 있지만 흡수/전이/축적이 매우 용이하고, 축적량도 활성농도 이상인 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 20E를 육묘보호제로 개발하여 한정된 공간 내에서 일시적으로 활용하는 것은 충분한 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 최근 분자육종기술의 발달로 인해 식물의 20E 생합성 유전자들을 활용하여 작물의 20E 생합성계를 제어함으로써 20E 함유 내충성 작물을 개발하려는 노력들을 많이 하고 있는데, 현재까지는 식물의 20E 생합성계 및 관련 유전자들이 거의 밝혀지지 않아 이를 위해서는 우선 식물의 20E 생합성 유전자들을 구명하는 선행연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구실에서는 20E 생합성계가 활성화 되어 있는 대표작물(시금치)을 대상으로 20E 생합성계 및 관련 유전자들을 구명하는 연구를 진행하고 있으며, 현재 10여종의 후보유전자들을 선발하여 각 유전자의 기능을 구명 중에 있다. 이러한 기반 연구를 통해 식물의 20E 생합성계 및 관련 유전자들이 명확히 구명된다면, 향후 20E 생합성 유전자들을 기반으로 내충성 작물 개발이 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 20E가 곤충의 중요한 호르몬이기 때문에 20E 함유 작물은 초광범위 내충성을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 전망하고 있다. 특히, 20E는 내충활성 뿐만 아니라 인체에서 다양한 약리활성도 나타내는 것으로 알려지고 있어, 20E 함유 작물의 개발은 여러 가지 측면에서 전망이 매우 밝을 것으로 사료된다.