퍼포먼스의 미적 특성 연구 ╶ 피셔-리히테의 ‘수행적인 것의 미학’을 중심으로╶

백인경(In Kyung Baik) 경희대학교 산학협력단 예술디자인연구원 2018 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 현대 사회에서 나타나는 다양한 문화 양태들을 특징짓는 개념으로서 ‘퍼포먼스’의 미적 특성을 고찰하기 위해 ‘수행성’ 개념을 검토한다. 이러한 문제의식은퍼포먼스 연구가 하나의 분과로 독립하면서 그 학문적근간으로서의 예술적 행위에 대한 연구의 비중이 축소하고 있는 실정에서 비롯한다. 이에 본고는 ‘수행적인 것’ 에 대한 에리카 피셔-리히테(Erika Fischer-Lichte)의 연구에 주목하여, 행위 개념의 수행적 전환을 통해 퍼포먼스 체계의 양식적 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 오스틴(J.L. Austin)과 버틀러(Judith Butler)의 이론은 각각 언어 행위와 신체 행위의 수행적 속성에 대한 관찰을바탕을 둔다. 피셔-리히테는 여기에서 나타나는 행위의특성을 자기지시적, 실제 구성적, 이분법의 불안정으로정의하고, 퍼포먼스가 언제나 수행적 행위의 성취로 발생한다는 점에 주목한다. 이러한 행위 개념의 전환은 퍼포먼스 체계를 참여자들의 신체적 공존을 바탕으로 이루어지는 수행적 과정으로 이해하도록 이끈다. 퍼포먼스에서 구성원들은 언제나 행위 주체이자 동시에 지각 주체로 존재하며 서로 상호작용하는 가운데 퍼포먼스의 형성과 작동에 참여하게 되기 때문이다. 이러한 조건에서 형성되는 퍼포먼스의 독특한 지각 환경은 공동의 경험을다시금 그러한 경험에 대한 반성적 경험으로 유도한다. 따라서 수행성에 대한 이해는 퍼포먼스의 미적 특성을 그것의 양식적 특성에서 연유하는 것으로 파악하게 하는한편, 구성원들이 퍼포먼스의 수행적 형성 과정에 이바지함으로써 현재의 경험 사태에 대한 새로운 가치와 의미를 창출하는 방식을 나타낸다. This study examines the aesthetic properties of ‘performance’ as a concept that characterizes various cultural modes of contemporary society. Currently, performance studies have become separated as a field and this has led to a reduction in research of performance as artistic act. Thus, this paper focuses on Fischer-Lichte’s research on ‘the performative’, and seeks to grasp the stylistic characteristics of performance system through the performative turn in the concept of action. The theories of Austin and Butler are based on observations of performative properties in verbal action and bodily action, respectively. Fischer-Lichte defines the characteristics of action as self-referential, constitutive and collapsing dichotomy, and takes note of the fact that performance always occurs as an achievement of performative action. Such turn in the concept of action allows us to understand the performance system as a performative process that takes place on the basis of participants’ bodily co-presence. The participants exist here as subjects of action as well as perception, and take part in the forming and functioning of performance while interacting. The unique perceptive environment of performance leads them to a reflective experience of that experience, encouraging them to recognize new values and meanings from the present situation of experiencing.

수면시간과 비만, 열량영양소 섭취비율 및 신체 활동량과의 관련성

백인경(In Kyung Baik),신철(Chol Shin) 대한지역사회영양학회 2011 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.16 No.3

There are a few studies that reported the association of sleep duration with calorie intake and energy expenditure. Using cross-sectional data from a population-based prospective study, we evaluated the association of sleep duration with indicators of obesity including body mass index and waist circumference, calorie intake and its proportion of macronutrients, and physical activity. The study subjects were 4,226 male and female adults, who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia at baseline. Robust regression analysis was used to analyze associations. The study found that sleep duration is inversely associated with waist circumference, calorie intake, and percent of calories from fat intake and is positively associated with percent of calories from carbohydrate intake and physical activity. The inverse association between sleep duration and waist circumference was stronger among men than among women. The inverse association between sleep duration and calorie intake was stronger among women than among men and such association was also stronger among obese persons than those with a normal body mass index. The positive association between sleep duration and physical activity was strongly demonstrated regardless of sex or obesity. Physical activity is positively associated with sleep duration independent of potential confounding factors including age, sex, income, occupation, marital status, education, smoking status, waist circumference, calorie and macronutrient intake, and alcohol intake. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(3) : 315~323, 2011)

심혈관계질환의 발병 위험을 선별할 수 있는 적정 허리둘레의 임계점

백인경(In Kyung Baik),신철(Chol Shin) 대한지역사회영양학회 2010 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.15 No.2

There are few studies reporting optimal waist circumference that can be utilized to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of waist circumference and waist and hip circumference ratio (WHR) with incident cases of CVD developed over 6 years in a population-based prospective study including Korean adults. Analyses for receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed with data for 1,733 men and 1,579 women who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of a physician-diagnosis of CVD at baseline. Information on the diagnosis of CVD was periodically reported using interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measures were obtained by biennial health examinations. We newly identified 77 cases of CVD during a follow-up period between 2003 and 2008. On the basis of measures of diagnostic accuracy including minimum distance to ROC curve and Youden index, waist circumference of 85 cm for men, in particular for male nonsmokers, and of 80 cm for women and WHR of 0.88 to 0.90 for men and of 0.83 for women were found to be optimal cutoff points to identify individuals at CVD risks. The study also found that the use of the suggested optimal values for waist circumference show higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women, which are waist cutoff points given by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity to define abdominal obesity for Korean adults. Although lower cutoff points of waist circumference (83 cm) and WHR (0.87) were observed to be optimal for male smokers compared with male nonsmokers, whether suggesting waist cutoff points specific to smokers is needed warrants further studies. After taking into account other cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, men with waist circumference of 85 cm or greater and women with 80 cm or greater were at an increased risk of CVD. Thus, these cutoff points of waist circumference may be able to capture more individuals at CVD risks contributing to the prevention of future development of CVD. (Korean J Community Nutrition 15(2): 275~283, 2010)

우리나라 폐경전 여성에게 칼슘 단백질 인의 섭취상태가 골밀도에 미치는 영향

오재준 (Oh Jai-Joon),홍은실 (Hong Eun-Sil),백인경 (Baik In-Kyung),이호선 (Lee Ho-Sun),임현숙 (Lim Hyun-Sook) 韓國營養學會 1996 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.29 No.1

급식위탁 산업

백인경 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1990 婦學 Vol.23 No.-

중년 여성에서 폐경여부가 체지방 분포 , 혈청 지질 및 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

이종호,이현철,김희선,차봉수,허갑범,백인경 한국지질학회 1997 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.7 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare body fat distribution and serum levels of lipids and hormones in pre- and post-menopausal healthy women with similar degree of obesity. Body fat distribution was measured using waist to hip circumference ratio(WHR) and computerized tomography(CT) scan. Methods: Body weight, body mass index, WHR and abdominal fat areas by CT scan at the umbilical level were measured in 134 pre- and 62 post-menopausal women. Fasting serum levels of lipids and hormones were determined and an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was performed. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in body weight, body mass index, percentage of total body fat and subcutaneous fat area, even though post-menopausal women showed an increase in age and WHR. Total abdominal fat area, visceral fat area and visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio were higher in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women. Serum levels of LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride, basal levels of glucose and free fatty acid, and sums of serum glucose and free fatty acid during OGTT were higher in post-menopausal women, while serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol was lower in post-menopausal women. No difference was found between two groups in basal levels and sums of serum C-peptide and insulin during OGTT. Post-menopausal women showed a decrease in serum levels of estradiol, testosterone and insulin like growth factor-1 but an increase in serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. No significant difference was observed in free androgen index and serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and growth hormone. There was a significant correlation between anthropometric parameters and metabolic variables in both pre- and post-menopausal women. When stepwise -multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the joint effect of anthropometric variables on metabolic variables, visceral fat area proved to be the primary determinant for the serum levels of LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride and sums of serum glucose and insulin during OGTT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that an increase in visceral fat area after menopause may constitute a greater risk in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders than a simple degree of obesity alone. In addition, both aging and increased release of free fatty acid from visceral adipocytes in post-menopausal women may result in a reduction in the secretion of growth hormone, which could accelerate visceral fat accumulation.

관상동맥질환 환자에서의 식습관이 혈청 지질 농도 및 관상동맥질환에 미치는 영향

김성순,이호선,임현숙,백인경,이영준,정남식,조승연 한국지질학회 1995 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

In 48 overweight and obese men without diagnosed diseases(Control group) and 60 Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) patients, anthropometry, smoking status, nutrients intake, blood pressure, and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured. Coronary angiograph was taken and sum of the total coronary lesion score was calculated in CAD patients. Compared with Control group, CAD patients had significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio, and significantly lower level of serum HDL cholesterol after adjusted by age, body weight, percent ideal body weight, body mass index, waist-hip circumference ratio, and tricep skinfold thickness. These metabolic abnormalities were related with usual or latest smoke and dietary factors, especially total fat and saturated fat. In CAD patients, those with higher sum of the total coronary lesion score had heavier usual smoke and those with more atherosclerotic coronary vesseles had more dietary cholesterol intake. Estimated Relative Risk(RR; odd ratio) of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was calculated by usual smoke, dietary total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intakes adjusted by age, body weight, percent ideal body weight, body mass index, waist-hip circumference ratio, and tricep skinfold thickness. Heavier smoker( $gt;=2 pack-years) had 1.91 RR compared with the lighter( $lt;2 pack-years), higher level of total fat intake( $gt;= 55g/day) had 1.17 RR compared with the lower( $lt;55g/day), higher level of saturated fat intake( $gt;= 20g/day) had 1.81 RR compared with the lower ( $lt;20g/day), and higher level of dietary cholesterol intake( $gt;= 200㎎/day) had 1.49 RR compared with the lower( $lt;200㎎/day). CAD patients showed that their usual and latest daily dietary intakes were much more than the control group's as well as Korean dietary intake examined by other researchers. Our results indicate that in Korean atherosclerotic coronary artery disease patients, smoking and dietary factors, especially total fat, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intakes, are the risk factors of the CAD morbidity.

폐경후 우리나라 여성의 영양 섭취 상태가 골다공증 발병에 미치는 영향

이호선,백인경,홍은실 대한영양사협회 1996 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.2 No.1

The relationship of nutrients intake and bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated in 285 Korean postmenopausal women (age 40-70 y) consisted of 65 normal women and 159 osteopenia patients who don't have other diagnosed disease. BMD was measured at the spine (vertebrae L2-4) and femur (neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter). Height, weight, body mass index(BMI), lean body mass(LBM), body fat(Bfat) and dietary intakes of animal calcium(animal Ca), protein and phosphorus per 1,000㎉ intake were correlated with BMD of the spine and the femur positively(p<0.05). Women with an animal calcium intake<315㎎/d (mean % animal Ca/total Ca intake>50%) exhibited significantly lower BMD of the spine and Ward's triangle than that of women with an intake≥315㎎/d, p<0.05. When subjects were grouped by diagnosis into 3 groups (normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group), animal Ca intake of osteoporosis group (mean animal Ca intake 261㎎) was significantly lower than those of the other two groups (mean animal Ca intake 306㎎ and 297㎎, respectively), p<0.05. These results suggest that balanced nutrients intake and increased animal Ca in the diet is likely to be beneficial in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women.

일부지역 국민학생들의 영양실태 조사

김우정,백인경,이은경,최미숙 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1990 婦學 Vol.23 No.-