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국내 지역약국 약사의 약물관련문제에 관한 중재활동 현황
김진향(Jin-Hyang Kim),김은석(Eun-Suk Kim),나홍주(Hong-Ju Na),이유리(Yu-Ri Lee),이희조(Hee-Jo Lee),박일호(Il-Ho Park),양재욱(Jae-Wook Yang),김혜린(Hye-Lin Kim) 대한약학회 2023 약학회지 Vol.67 No.2
Community pharmacists have contributed to safe and effective drug treatment for patients by performing appropriate intervention activities to solve the drug-related problems (DRPs). This study aims to investigate the current status and evaluate interventions performed in community pharmacies. We evaluated DRP and pharmacist intervention activity (PIA) data obtained from a community pharmacy between August 9, 2021 and October 15, 2021 (10 weeks). Problems and causes of DRPs were classified according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) criteria, while PIAs were assessed by intervention types and conducted time-points. Economic outcomes from PIA were also estimated by cost avoidance and cost saving. During the ten-week period, a total of 6,576 prescriptions were submitted, and 754 cases of intervention were conducted. Among 754 PIA cases, 48.8% of them were performed via DUR alert, but 51.2% of PIAs were initiated via counseling or inspection by pharmacist without DUR alert. The acceptance rate of PIA by patients and prescription doctors reached to 93.4%. The net benefit cost converted to annual cost was estimated at ₩5,674,032. Various PIAs in community pharmacies run at various points from the moment the patient is prescribed to the end of treatment. To properly evaluate the clinical and cost-effective value for PIA of community pharmacy, constructing a database of information on DRPs and PIAs must be preceded.
진주시 수돗물 불소농도조정사업의 11년간 비용편익 분석
김만경 ( Man Kyong Kim ),정지인 ( Ji In Jung ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),전은주 ( Eun Joo Jun ),김한나 ( Han Na Kim ),김세연 ( Se Yeon Kim ),한동헌 ( Dong Hun Han ),정승화 ( Seung Hwa Jeong ),김진범 ( Jin Bom Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2014 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic costs and benefits of a water fluoridation program in the city of Jinju, Korea. Methods: In 2009, dental surveys were conducted on 2,315 children aged 6-12 years in Jinju, which had been fluoridated for 11 years. The decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) scores of children in Jinju were compared to the DMFT scores of same-aged children in non-fluoridated small- and mediumsized cities in the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The reduced number of decayed permanent teeth by the water fluoridation program was estimated as the difference between the DMFT scores of children in Jinju and those in non-fluoridated small- and medium-sized cities. The economic benefits were estimated by the savings from reduced dental treatment costs by using the reduced number of decayed permanent teeth from the water fluoridation program. All annual costs and benefits were calculated from 1998 to 2009. The social rate and untreated rate of decayed teeth were applied as 3% and 20%, respectively. The annual benefit-cost ratio was estimated by using the annual benefits and cumulative program costs. Results: The economic benefit in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was estimated as 57,496,000,000 Korean Won (KRW), and the cumulative cost in 2009 was estimated as 1,387,000,000 KRW. The net present value in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was 56,109,000,000 KRW. The benefit-cost ratio in 2009 was estimated as 41.4. Conclusions: The economic benefit of a water fluoridation program in Jinju city was evaluated as excellent.
2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin 이 배양 사구체 혈관간세포와 세뇨관 상피세포의 활성화에 미치는 영향
김은나(Eun Na Kim),유미라(Mi Ra Yu),임현진(Hyun Jin Lim),황의원(Eui Won Hwang),하헌주(Hun Joo Ha),이희발(Hi Bahl Lee) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.1
배 경 : 내분비계 장애 물질로 추정되는 Benzo[a]pyrene (BP)과 dioxin (2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin : TCDD)은 방향족 탄화수소 수용체(aromatic hydrocarbon receptor : AHR)를 경유하여 작용을 나타낸다. BP가 신독성 물질로 알려진 반면 TCDD가 신장 기능에 미치는 영향은 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 신장의 기능은 신장을 구성하는 다양한 세포들의 특수한 기능에 의하여 유지되는데, 서로 다른 신장세포는 약물 또는 독성물질에 대하여 세포 특이적이고 선택적인 반응을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 이미 신장 각 부위의 성상이 확인된 세포주 - 생쥐의 사구체 혈관간 세포(mouse mesangial cells :MMC), 돼지의 근위세뇨관 세포(LLC- PK1 세포) 및 개의 원위세뇨관 세포(Madin - Darby canine kidney cells :MDCK 세포) 를 이용하여 BP와 TCDD의 영향을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 세포성장이 동일화된 각 세포주를 BP 3과 30 μM이나 T CDD 1- 100 nM로 자극하고 24- 96시간 후의 세포 증식과 생존을 각각 [^3H]thymidine incorporation과 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 유리로 측정하였다. 세포외 기질 단백에 미치는 영향을 검색하고자 fibronectin 단백 양을 Western blot 분석과 ELISA로 측정하였다. 결 과 : MMC, LLC- PK1 세포 및 MDCK 세포 사망은 TCDD에 의해서 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. MMC 증식은 BP 30 μM에 의하여 억제되었고 TCDD에 의해서 증가하였다. LLC- PK1 세포의 증식은 BP에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았지만 TCDD에 의해서는 증가하였다. MDCK 세포의 증식은 BP와 T CDD에 의하여 억제되었다. 즉, TCDD는 원위세뇨관 세포의 증식을 억제하면서 근위세뇨관과 혈관간 세포의 증식을 증가시켰다. 한편, BP와 T CDD는 MMC, LLC- PK1과 MDCK 세포의 fibronectin 단백 분비를 의의 있게 증가시켰다. 결 론 : TCDD는 BP 보다 신장 세포에 대한 독성이 강하고 fibronectin 단백 분비를 증가시킴으로써 신장의 섬유화를 유발할 수 있음을 시사하였다. N/A
예비 유아교사의 세계시민교육 프로그램을 위한 교육 요구도 분석
김은나(Kim Eun Na),임영심(Lim Young Sim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.10
본 연구는 예비유아교사의 세계시민에 대한 인식과 실태 및 세계시민교육 프로그램에 대한 요구를 분석하여 세계시민교육 프로그램의 필요성과 구성방안을 모색하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2018년 6월에 D와 C시에 소재한 3,4년제 유아교육과에 재학 중 인 예비유아교사 456명을 대상으로 세계시민의식의 4개 영역에 대한 중요도와 실행도를 설문조사하였으며, 2018년 8월에 유아교사 5명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 설문조사는 요구분석에서의 우선순위결정방안에 따라 대응표본 t 검정, Borich 요구도, The Locus for Focus 모델을 활용하여 분석하였으며 심층면담은 전사하여 개방코딩 후 심층코딩으로 내용을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학년이 올라갈수록 세계시민의식의 지식영역은 교육요구도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 세계시민의식의 기술과 태도영역은 전 학년에 걸쳐 골고루 요구되는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 인권에 대해 학년이 올라갈수록 높은 교육 요구도를 보이고 있었다. 셋째, 세계시민의식의 실천의지영역은 학년이 올라갈수록 교육요구도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 유아교사는 세계시민교육프로그램의 필요성을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었으며, 지식과 기술 중심의 교육보다는 능동적 시민정체성을 기반으로 하는 실천 중심의 가치교육으로서의 프로그램을 요구하고 있었다. The purpose of this study is investigate the needs of pre-service early childhood teachers’ on the Global Citizenship by grade level and early childhood teachers for providing the direction of pre-service early childhood teacher Global Citizenship Education Programs which is validate global citizenship. The subjects are 456 pre-service early childhood teachers, who are majoring in Early Child Education at 3,4 year college, university located in D and C city and five early childhood teachers. The data was analyzed with systematic procedure to set priority of needs based upon the paired t-test, Borich needs assessment, and Locus for Focus model, and the in-depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed by in-depth coding after open coding. The results of the study are as follows. First, the knowledge area of the global citizenship s consciousness decreases as the grade goes up. Second, technology and attitudes area of the global citizenship was found to be evenly required throughout the entire grade level. Third, the needs on willing to act as a global citizen increase as the grade goes up. Fourth, an early childhood teacher was positively aware of the need for a global citizenship education program and they prefer a program based on practice-oriented value education.
성인 여성의 연령대간 내장지방면적 및 동맥경화증 관련 항목의 혈중 농도 비교
김기진(Ki Jin Kim),안나영(Na Young Ahn),신윤정(Yoon Jung Shin),홍창배(Chang Bae Hong),김상현(Sang Hyun Kim),공경민(Kyung Min Kong),이지은(Ji Eun Lee),장지선(Ji Sun Jang),김홍수(Hong Soo Kim),박주식(Ju Sik Park) 한국발육발달학회 2005 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.13 No.4
This study examined the differences of atherosclerosis indices and body composition according to aging in Korean women. Subjects consisted of 106 women (age range 20-59 years) who were volunteered in health promotion program, and were divided into This study examined the differences of atherosclerosis indices and body composition according to aging in Korean women. Subjects consisted of 106 women (age range 20-59 years) who were volunteered in health promotion program, and were divided into an obese group and a non-obese group following to 10 years-stage. We measured anthropometric factors, resting BP, and lipid profiles, plasma levels of fibrinogen, hsCRP, leptin, and adiponectin, intima thickness of carotid artery, and pulse wave velocity. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey`s past hoc comparison was used for multiple comparisons among age-related groups. WHR and VSR had significant differences among age-related groups in obese and non-obese groups(p<.05). Significant differences in serum levels of TC, LDL-C, atherogenic index, and Intima thickness of right carotid artery were found among age-related groups in non-obese group(p<.05). Therefore, aging is related to visceral fat accumulation, prevalence of abdominal obesity, increase of serum level of TC and diastolic blood pressure.an obese group and a non-obese group following to 10 years-stage. We measured anthropometric factors, resting BP, and lipid profiles, plasma levels of fibrinogen, hsCRP, leptin, and adiponectin, intima thickness of carotid artery, and pulse wave velocity. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey`s past hoc comparison was used for multiple comparisons among age-related groups. WHR and VSR had significant differences among age-related groups in obese and non-obese groups(p<.05). Significant differences in serum levels of TC, LDL-C, atherogenic index, and Intima thickness of right carotid artery were found among age-related groups in non-obese group(p<.05). Therefore, aging is related to visceral fat accumulation, prevalence of abdominal obesity, increase of serum level of TC and diastolic blood pressure.
라이벌을 주제로 한 스포츠 영화 <퍼펙트게임>의 사회 맥락적 연계의미
김용은(Yong Eun Kim),나동규(Dong Kyu Na),김원호(Won Ho Kim),김범식(Beom Sig Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.54
First, there is a difference of older man and woman`s Health be havior(cognitive health status, Drink behavior, and Smoking behavior) as a function of sex at p<.01 level. Second, there is no statistical difference of older man and woman`s Health behavior(cognitive health status, lifestyle patterns, Drink behavior, and Smoking behavior) as a function of the old people`s partner at p>.05 level. Third, there is a statistical difference of older man and woman`s Health behavior(cognitive health status and Smoking behavior) as a function of stage of exercise at each p<.01 and p<.05 level. Fourth, there is no statistical difference of older man and woman`s self-efficacy and loneliness as a function of sex at p>.05 level. Fifth, there is a statistical difference of older man and woman`s self-efficacy as a function of partners at p<.05 level. Sixth, there is a statistical difference of older man and woman`s self-efficacy and loneliness as a function of stage of exercise at each p<.001 and p<.05 level.