Collective “We” and the Communal Consciousness of Diaspora Identity in Chang-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea

이지은 ( Ji Eun Lee ) 서울대학교 미국학연구소 2014 미국학 Vol.37 No.2

This paper examines how Change-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea imagines a communal consciousness of diaspora identity through the use of a collective narrative voice that creates a narrative sense of split identity in readers` minds. The novel`s use of heroine figure, Fan, as a locus of communal consciousness very much corresponds to the conventional framework of the Bildungsroman narrative, which builds a communal consciousness incorporated into a progressive history through a depiction of the individual hero`s or heroine`s reconciliation with social norms. The narrative consciousness grounded in this individual hero/heroine invites readers to experience the sense of community congruent with the linear development of history. Lee`s novel, however, complicates the narrative consciousness through a collective narrative voice “we,” by shifting the referent from “we” inside the narrative frame to “we” outside the narrative frame and by dislocating the main figure Fan from society. The sense of disjointedness manifested by the narrative sense of split identity and the heroine`s displacement in society conceptualizes diaspora identity. Diaspora identity configured in this way propounds a more liberating version of communal consciousness as it allows deviations from norms and exploration of new possibilities not bound by nation or ethnicity. The communal consciousness of diaspora identity depicted in Lee`s novel challenges the homogeneous sense of community merged with history and gestures toward heterogeneous deviations from history.

수소화-탈수소화법을 이용한 탄탈륨 스크랩으로부터 탄탈륨 분말 제조 연구

이지은,이찬기,박지환,윤진호,Lee, Ji-eun,Lee, Chan Gi,Park, Ji Hwan,Yoon, Jin-Ho 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 자원리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.5

For recylcing of high purity tantalum (Ta) scrap, We investigated manufacture of tantalum powder using hydride-dehydride (HDH) process. Tantalum had excellent properties such as ductile, hardness and high melting point. Usually these properties made difficult to make a powder. In this study, Tantalum powder was manufactured using Tantalum hydride via hydridation. Tantalum hydride was formed at $500^{\circ}C$, 5 hr/$700^{\circ}C$, 3 hr and it is easy to make a tantalum hydride powder because hydrogen in the tantalum act as a defect dislocation and lattice expansion. The powder was pulverized to a size of less than $10{\mu}m$ under a condition of 1300 rpm, 30 min using a ring mill, and tantalum powder with less than 50 ppm hydrogen was prepared through dehydridation in an Ar and low vacuum atmosphere.

미세변화형 신증후군(MCNS)으로부터 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증(FSGS)으로 이행된 환아의 임상양상

이지은,육진원,이의성,김지홍,김병길,정현주,Lee Ji Eun,Yook Jinwon,Lee Eui Seong,Kim Ji Hong,Kim Pyung-Kil,Chung Hyun Joo 대한소아신장학회 2000 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: MCNS is found in approximately $85\%$ of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children and shows good prognosis with initial steroid therapy. However in FSGS, there is poor prognosis with initial therapy and shows higher rate of progression to chronic renal failure and relapse after kindney transplantation. We have experienced 8 patients who were diagnosed as MCNS on initial renal biopsy and then progressed to FSGS on follow-up biopsy. So we have investigated their clinical course and risk factors for transition of MCNS to FSGS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with a review of histopathologic findings and clinical manifestations of 296 cases of MCNS and FSGS that were diagnosed from January 1988 to May 1999. We classified them into 3 groups according to the histopathologic finding; MCNS, FSGS, MCNS progressed to FSGS in follow-up biopsy. Results: The number of children was 296 cases comprising 241 cases($81.4\%$) showing MCNS, 8 cases($2.7\%$) transition group, 47 cases($15.9\%$) FSGS. The mean onset age was $6.0{\pm}2.6$years in MCNS, transition group $8.3{\pm}2.3$years, FSGS $7.2{\pm4.3$years, and the gender (M:F) ratio was 3.7:1 in MCNS, 3:1 in transition group, 1.8:1 in FSGS. Comparing the presence of initial hematuria, hypertension,24 hour urine protein, serum albumin, serum creatinine, there were significant difference between the transition group and the FSGS group in the following points; 24hour urine protein $684:342mg/m^2/hr$(P<0.05), serum albumin 1.92: 2.47g/dL(P<0.05), serum cholesterol 494:343mg/dL(P<0.05). Refractoriness to steroid therapy was 13.3$\%$ in MCNS. $12.5\%$ in transition group, $29.6\%$ in FSGS; significantly higher in FSGS(P<0.05). Immunosuppressant therapy was performed in $58.5\%$ of MCNS, $100\%$ in transition group, $80.8\%$ in FSGS; transition group showed significantly higher .ate(P<0.05) comparing with MCNS. Mean number of relapse and duration from onset to first relapse showed no significance difference between these groups. Conclusion: 249 patients with MCNS have been followed and $3.2\%$ (8 patients) of them has shown change in pathologic diagnosis from MCNS to FSCS. The risk factor for transition could not be found. Our results point to the need for a follow-up biopsy to certify the possibility of transition to FSCS in some MCNS cases with refractory cases to steroid therepy, frequent relapsing cases, or in case of no remission in spite of vigorous immunosuppressant therapy.

신증후군 환아에서 스테로이드 유발 대사성 골질환에 대한 Alendronate의 치료 효과

이지은,이현옥,백경훈,이숙향,진동규,Lee Ji-Eun,Lee Hyun-Ok,Paik Kyung-Hoon,Lee Suk-Hyang,Jin Dong-Kyu 대한소아신장학회 2004 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : Children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) are under high risk for metabolic bone disease(MBD) as a complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We prospectively evaluated the effect of oral bisphosphonate(alendronate) therapy in children with NS, which has proven efficacy in adult patients with glucocorticoid induced MBD. Methods : Among 58 children with NS, aged 5 to 8 years and haying a disease duration of more than 2 years, 30(51.7%) were enrolled to meet the selection criteria, less than -1.0 Z-scores of lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). These 30 children were divided into three groups and each were assigned to receive alendronate, calcitriol, and no-medication, respectively for one year. Lumbar spine BMD was followed up every 6 months and the biochemical indexes were measured before and 1 year after the treatment. There were no significant difference among groups with respect to the average age, the initial BMD, and the cumulative steroid doses. Analysis of the treatment efficacy was done by the % change of BMD and by the changes in Z-scores of lumbar spine BMD. Results : Mean age and disease duration of patients at the initial lumbar spine BMD evaluation was $7.4{\pm}1.7$ years and $2.2{\pm}1.2$ years, respectively. Twenty-three of 30 children(76%) had osteopenia, and seven(23%) had osteoporosis. There was no difference in the biochemical values among the groups, before and 1 year after the treatment(P<0.05). Twenty two children(73.3%) with frequent relapsing or steroid dependant NS had more frequent MBD, compared to the 8 children(26.6%) with infrequent relapsing NS. The one year % changes of BMD were 8.56 in alendronate group, 5.79 in calcitriol group, and 1.9 in no-medication group. The changes in Z-score of lumbar spine BMD increased in the alendronate group and the calcitriol group, but not in the no-medication group. One year % changes of BMD were different among groups(P=0.0002). Significant differences were found between the alendronate and the no-medication group, and between the calcitriol and the no-medication group(P<0.05). There was no difference between the alendronate and the calcitriol group. No serious adverse effect was observed in the alendronate group. Conclusion : Children with NS receiving high dose steroids are under the high risk of BMD and should undergo regular BMD evaluation. Z-score of lumbar spine BMD was a useful parameter in diagnosing low bone mass in children. Alendronate weekly oral therapy was effective and relatively safe in increasing the lumbar spine BMD in children with NS having steroid induced MBD.

응급실 간호사의 환자안전문화에 대한 인식과 환자안전관리활동

이지은,이은남,Lee, Ji-Eun,Lee, Eun-Nam 한국중환자간호학회 2013 중환자간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate emergency room nurses' recognition of patient safety culture and their performance of safety management activity. Methods: Data were collected from July 1 to August 31, 2012 on 292 emergency room nurses working at 25 general hospitals located in B city in G province. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to measure patient safety culture, and an 82-item questionnaire was developed to measure safety management activity. Results: the performance of safety management activity were significantly associated with the total career years, whether the nurses had undergone safety training, and whether the nurses has been working in the regional emergency care facility. Of 6 subcategories of the patient safety culture, the perception of a directly commanding senior/manager, frequency of accident reports, and hospital environment were associated with the performance of safety management activity. Conclusion: For improving performance of safety management activity among emergency room nurses, it is necessary to develop an educational program of safety management activity by their level of performance.

A change of sinus floor level related to the amount of grafted material after bone added osteotome sinus floor elevation (BAOSFE) technique: A radiographic retrospective study

이지은,박소민,이종빈,방은경,Lee, Ji-Eun,Park, So-Min,Lee, Jong-Bin,Pang, Eun-Kyoung The Korean Dental Association 2017 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.55 No.11

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate a change o bone level on the sinus floor by a bone added osteotome sinus floor elevation (BAOSFE) technique, according to the amount of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). And Changes in augmented bone height after BAOSFE procedure were also assessed for 6 months after the implant procedure. Materials and Methods: Forty eight single implants were placed in the posterior maxilla using BAOSFE technique. The implantation sites were classified into two groups according to the amount of grafted DBBM, 0.25 group (0.25g) and 0.5 group (0.5 g). Panoramic views or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken at the time of implant placement with BAOSFE and after at least 6 months to assess the bone level changes in the elevated sites with DBBM. Results: Alveolar bone level around all implants was stable clinically and radiographically during the follow-up. Mean augmented bone height was $5.21{\pm}0.94mm$ in 0.25 group and $6.92{\pm}1.19mm$ in 0.5 group. Statistically significant difference in augmented bone height was found in the comparison between the 0.25 group and 0.5 group at the time of surgery. There was a positive correlation between the length of the implant protruding into the maxillary sinus and the augmented bone height. After 6 months, mean reduction of augmented bone height was $0.50{\pm}0.34mm$ in 0.25 group and $0.41{\pm}0.30mm$ in 0.5group. There was no specific correlation between the reduction of augmented bone height and amount of grafted DBBM. Conclusion: Within the limit of this study, the amount of grafting materials and the protrusion length of implant into the maxillary sinus affect the amount of the augmented bone height.

유용 미생물 제제 이용 발효 유채박 비료 제조 및 시용 효과

이지은,박원,김광수,이영화,권다은,문윤호,차영록,강용구,Lee, Ji-Eun,Park, Won,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Lee, Yong-Hwa,Kwon, Da-Eun,Moon, Youn-Ho,Cha, Young-Lok,Kang, Yong-Ku 한국작물학회 2019 한국작물학회지 Vol.64 No.1

Rapeseed meal, which is a byproduct of rapeseed oil extraction, improves crop productivity by supplying nutrients to the soil. The present study aimed to manufacture fermented rapeseed meal compost using two effective microbial agents and evaluate their efficiency as fertilizer. To types of fermented rapeseed meal, manufactured using either a bio-carrier or microbial agent, showed no differences in pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total nitrogen content. However, the contents of $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ as inorganic nitrogen were increased by 5.6 times and 1.5 times, respectively, after 5 d of fermentation. Rapeseed meal fermented for 5 d was applied to tomato a basal fertilizer and after eight weeks, the plant height increased in all fermented rapeseed treatments compared to that in the chemical fertilizer treatment, and also the quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II) showed the same trend. The total nitrogen content of tomato leaves treated with a microbial fermented rapeseed meal was twice as high as that of that treated with a chemical fertilizer. It was confirmed that the increase in the tomato height was an effect of the rapeseed meal containing inorganic nitrogen, which can easily be absorbed by plants. From these results, it is considered that fermented rapeseed meal manufactured with an effective microbial agent for 5 d showed the highest inorganic nutrient content and greatest growth enhancement in tomato.

(R)-(-)-Linalool 유도체의 합성과 향취에 관한 고찰

이지은,김지은,안철진,Lee, Ji-Eun,Kim, Ji-Eun,Ahn, Chuljin 대한화학회 2021 대한화학회지 Vol.65 No.6

건강행위 이행율에 따른 대사증후군 발생 위험요인 변화

이지은,이은주,Lee, Ji Eun,Lee, Eun Joo 한국데이터정보과학회 2017 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in the risk factors of metabolic disease by compliance rate and numbers of health behaviors performed in the people who voluntarily participated in the metabolic disease management program implemented in a public health care center. Data were collected from a total of 168 people, January to June of 2015. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA with post hoc test. The compliance rates were about 62% and 66% at 3 and 6 months respectively after implementing the program. Although the numbers of health behaviors performed was small, the participants with high compliance rate had significantly lower risk factors of metabolic disease after 6 months. Therefore the compliance rate is critically important to manage metabolic disease and enhancing compliance rate of health behaviors should be developed and investigated in the future studies.

후천면역결핍증 환자에서 유리체염증이 주증상으로 나타난 눈매독 1예

김은희, 이지은Eun Hee Kim M.D. Ji Eun Lee M.D. 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.7

Purpose: We report a patient of ocular syphilis with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) who showed dense vitritis as the primary manifestation without signs of retinitis, and who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Methods: A 65-year-old man known to have AIDS complaining of decreased vision in both eyes, was transferred for suspected CMV retinitis. Visual acuity was 0.2 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left eye. Ganciclovir was prescribed intravenously for 10 days and orally thereafter. After 2 months, the visual acuity of both eyes decreased to hand motion. As additional serologic tests such as TPHA and FTA-ABS were positive for syphilis, 5 MU of penicillin G was injected intravenously four times a day for 3 weeks. Results: Although active inflammation decreased with the antibiotic treatment, vitreous opacity persisted. Visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 0.02 in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on the right eye. Analysis of the aspirated vitreous disclosed a VDRL titer of 1:8, and that TPHA was positive while PCR for CMV was negative. One month after the operation, the patient`s visual acuity had improved to 0.6. Conclusions: Ocular syphilis should be considered in AIDS patient showing dense vitritis as primary manifestation. Pars plana vitrectomy may be an option for early visual restoration of these patients.