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공태영,최우석,김성준,손진호,이은지,송창주,김화평,김시영,조문형,김희근 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2022 방사선산업학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Radioactive effluents are gaseous and liquid radioactive materials discharged from nuclearfacilities to the environment. Radioactive effluents discharged from Korean nuclear power plants aremonitored by three criteria: the annual radiation dose to members of the public due to radioactiveeffluents, the concentration of radioactive effluents, and the total amount of radioactivity for radioactiveeffluents. In terms of radiation dose to members of the public living around Korean nuclear power plants,the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission Notice No. 2019-10 stipulates environmental hazardsprevention provisions. In Korean nuclear power plants, these dose standards essentially play the roleof dose constraints for the public. Nuclear power plants control radioactive effluents discharged tothe environment not to exceed these dose standards. The emission control limit is applied to controlradioactive effluents in terms of the concentration of radioactive materials. The emission control limitis the derived radionuclide concentrations which, if inhaled or ingested continuously over a year by amember of the public, would give an individual an effective dose to the annual dose limit (1 mSv y-1). Korean pressurized heavy water reactors apply the total amount of radioactive effluents as a monitoringcriterion. The derived release limit is the derived radioactivity that would cause a public member to havean effective dose equal to the annual dose limit by discharging radioactive effluents to the environment. In 2017, the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission Notice No. 2017-4 was also announced toprovide guidelines for a discharge plan, including the total amount of radioactivity for liquid and gasradioactive effluents discharged by the routine operation of nuclear power plants. Korean nuclear powerplants comply with all the regulations of radioactive effluents, including radiation dose, radioactiveconcentration, and radioactivity, to achieve radiation protection for members of the public.
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동맥혈가스검사 시 발생하는 통증을 감소시키기 위한 냉각 알코올 솜의 효과
공태영,이혜선,김승환,김민정,정성필,박인철,박유석 대한응급의학회 2013 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: Patients undergoing arterial puncture experience significant pain and discomfort. Cryoanalgesic pretreatment using vapocoolant spray and a cold alcohol swap stick can be easily and rapidly applied before arterial puncture. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of vapocoolant spray and a cold alcohol swab stick for control of pain associated with arterial blood gas analysis. Methods: We conducted a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which adult patients underwent an arterial puncture after pretreatment with different analgesics. Enrolled patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups: 1) vapocoolant spray; 2) cold alcohol swap stick; or 3) alcohol swap stick stored at room temperature (control). We assessed the patient’s pain after the arterial puncture using a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The difficulty associated with the arterial puncture and the likelihood of successful puncture was assessed using time to successful sampling and the number of attempts required for successful sampling. Time to successful sampling and the number of attempts required for successful sampling were used for assessment of the difficulty associated with the arterial puncture and the likelihood of successful puncture. Results: A total of 101 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean scores for pain after the arterial puncture were 41.2±11.7 mm for patients treated with vapocoolant spray,35.9±8.6 mm for patients treated with a cold alcohol swap stick, and 66.2±8.5 mm for the control group (p<0.001). The time to successful sampling was less consumed and the number of attempts was significantly lower in the treatment groups, compared with the control group (p=0.002and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusion: We conclude that pretreatment using a cold alcohol swap stick as well as vapocoolant spray resulted in a decrease in patients’perception of pain associated with arterial puncture and facilitated the arterial puncture.
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공태영,김시영,이영주,손정권,맹성준 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.8
Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) periodically evaluate the radioactive gaseous and liquid effluents released from power reactors to protect the public from radiation exposure. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the release of radioactive effluents from Korean NPPs and the effects on the annual radiation doses to the public. The amounts of radioactive effluents released to the environment and the resulting radiation doses to members of the public living around NPPs were analyzed for the years 2011-2015 using the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd's annual summary reports of the assessment of radiological impact on the environment. The results show that tritium was the primary contributor to the activity in both gaseous and liquid effluents. The averages of effective doses to the public were approximately on the order of 10-3 mSv or 10-2 mSv. Therefore, even though Korean NPPs discharged some radioactive materials into the environment, all effluents were within the regulatory safety limits and the resulting doses were much less than the dose limits.
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