Expression of Erythropoietin in the Spinal Cord of Lewis Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

강사윤,강지훈,최재철,이창섭,신태균,이중석 대한신경과학회 2009 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.5 No.1

Background and PurposeaaErythropoietin (Epo), originally recognized for its central role in erythropoiesis, has been shown to improve the outcomes in patients with various neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to elucidate the Epo expression pattern in the spinal cords of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to assess the systemic effect of Epo during the course of EAE. MethodsaaWe used an EAE model induced in Lewis rats by immunization with myelin basic protein. Immunized rats were given recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) intraperitoneally at a dose of 5,000 U/kg for 7 consecutive days, either starting on day 3 post-immunization (five rats) or on the day of clinical symptom onset (score ≥1, five rats). After immunization, the rats were observed daily for clinical signs of EAE. Epo expression was investigated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. ResultsaaWestern blot analysis showed that, Epo expression was significantly elevated relative to control in the rat spinal cord during the peak stage of EAE (p<0.05), and then decreased thereafter. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Epo was expressed in some neurons and glial cells. Epo immunoreactivity was detected in ED1-positive macrophages and astrocytes in EAE lesions. Furthermore, we found that the intraperitoneal administration of rhEpo reduced both the disease severity and duration of paralysis in EAE rats, and reduced macrophage activity and increased Epo activity. ConclusionsaaBased on these findings, we postulate that Epo expression begins to increase at the start of EAE and that rhEpo administration leads to functional recovery from EAE paralysis.

Myasthenia Gravis Appearing After Thymectomy: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

강사윤,이정석,최재철,강지훈 대한신경과학회 2007 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.3 No.3

A small proportion of thymoma patients without myasthenia gravis (MG) have been observed to develop MG after total removal of the thymoma. However, the underlying cause is not yet known due to the rarity of postoperative MG patients. We report a 39-year-old man in whom MG appeared after surgical removal of a thymoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no signs of recurrent or metastatic thymoma. Administration of pyridostigmine bromide resulted in the prompt improvement of myasthenic symptoms. Our observations indicate that postoperative follow-up care with monitoring of possible postoperative MG is necessary after resecting a thymoma.

신경학적질환에서 경두개직류자극의 임상적용

강사윤 대한신경과학회 2017 대한신경과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is non-invasive brain stimulation technique increasingly used for modulation of central nervous system excitability in humans. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation has significant advantages, such as not involving surgical procedures and having relatively mild adverse effects. In recent years there has been an exponential rise in the number of studies employing tDCS as a means of gaining an improvement on motor and cognitive function in patients with neurological diseases. In the present review, we will first introduce a brief background on the basic principles of tDCS. We also summarize recent studies with tDCS that aimed at enhancing behavioral outcome or disease-specific symptoms in patients suffering from stroke, movement disorders, Alzheimer disease, and epilepsy. Although outcomes of tDCS trials include some conflicting results, the evidence supports that tDCS might have a therapeutic value in different neurological conditions.

가돌림신경 마비로 발현한 특발성비후성경수막염

강사윤,최재철,강지훈 대한신경과학회 2005 대한신경과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

말기 신질환 환자에서 발생한 삼투압성 탈수초 증후군

강사윤,강봉수,최재철,강지훈 대한신경과학회 2005 대한신경과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

정중신경의 말단 잠복기 지수: 정상치와 수근관증후군과의 관계

강사윤,최재철,강지훈 대한신경과학회 2004 대한신경과학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Background: The terminal latency index (TLI) is a calculated value that adjusts the distal motor latency for the terminal distance and the proximal motor nerve conduction velocity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the median TLI in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and compare it with other electrophysiological parameters. Methods: We prospectively studied 32 patients with nerve conduction studies using a conventional surface technique in the median and ulnar nerves. The distal distance for the CMAP was measured in 5 cm using Oh's techniques. Based on the clinical diagnosis, 32 patients (59 hands) were judged to have CTS. Control data were obtained from 40 healthy hands utilizing identical techniques. Results: The mean TLI was 0.24±0.04 in the CTS group and 0.30±0.02 in the control group (P<0.01). The 32 patients had a mean age of 57 years (SD±13 years; 73% women). Twenty subjects with an average age of 46 years (SD±15 years; 65% women) were evaluated for control data. The calculated lower limit of normal from the control group (mean-2SD) was 0.26. The sensitivity of the TLI was 73%. The TLI was statistically better than the median motor distal latency and sensory nerve conduction velocity in the second digit-wrist segment. In four patients from the CTS group, the TLI was the only abnormal electrophysiological parameter. Conclusions: The median TLI is an easy, inexpensive, highly informative test and is therefore extremely useful in the diagnostic work-up of patients with CTS.

췌장염 환자에서 발생한 뇌병증: 췌장성 뇌병증

강사윤,곽규환,강지훈 대한신경과학회 2003 대한신경과학회지 Vol.21 No.6

길랑-바레증후군 환자에서 면역글로불린 치료 후 발생한 뇌경색 1예

강사윤,강지훈,김지수 대한신경과학회 2003 대한신경과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

시상 경색 후 발생한 대뇌성 염소모 증후군 1례

강사윤,강지훈 대한뇌졸중학회 2003 Journal of stroke Vol.5 No.1

Background : Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance following intracranial disorders and is attributed either to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS). A diagnosis of CSWS is based on hyponatremia, hypernatriuresis, increased diuresis and hypovolemia. Case Report : A 64-year-old woman with thalamic infarct developed hyponatremia associated with excessive renal sodium excretion and diuresis on the fifth day after cerebral infarct. The hyponatremia was normalized with fluid and salt supplementation. Conclusion : We suggest that hyponatremia following thalamic infarct may be related with CSWS rather than SIADH.

나병성 말초신경병증의 임상적 및 전기생리학적 특성

강사윤,김승민,선우일남 대한신경과학회 2007 대한신경과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: It is important to consider leprosy as a cause of peripheral neuropathy, as it is readily treatable. We analyzed clinical and electrodiagnostic characteristics of leprosy patients with peripheral nerve involvement. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and the medical records of 10 patients with leprosy were confirmed by a skin or nerve biopsy. NCS using a conventional surface technique were performed in 15 upper extremities and 14 lower extremities. Results: Among ten patients, three patients presented with mononeuropathy, and the others with mononeuropathy multiplex. Five patients had medical histories of leprosy treatment. The patterns of peripheral neuropathies were mononeuropathy multiplex except for one who had an ulnar mononeuropathy. On motor NCS, low or absent CMAPs were most common abnormalities followed by slow conduction velocity and prolonged terminal latency. Sensory NCS also showed changes of amplitudes rather than in conduction velocity. The conduction block of CMAPs with or without dispersion were observed in 5 patients usually on the ulnar nerve at the forearm. Conclusions: In most instances, leprous patients with neuropathy presented with mononeuropathy multiplex affecting the sensory and motor nerves. NCS showed more likely axonal than demyelinating changes, but the conduction blocks were also found frequently at the forearms.