朴殷植의 『渤海太祖建國誌』의 검토

임상선(Lim, Sang-sun) 한국사학사학회 2004 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.10

Balhaethaejogeongukji which was written by Park eun-sik in 1911 has many meanings in Balhae(渤海) history. Above all Balhaethaejogeongukji is the first book that dealt with Balhae history after the practical science period. This book means on the subject of the establishment of Balhaethaejo but also really described the whole Balhae history from the founding to the early 9th century. And this book dealt with various fields which included politics, society, culture, customs, diplomacy, geography and so on in the whole Balhae history. Second in the situation that had national rights taken away under the rule of Japanese imperialism Balhaethaejogeongukji studied the whole Balhae history with Koguryo(高句麗) which was an extension of noticing Manju(滿洲) area for life and an independence movement. Park eun-sik told it was important that we knew our history to recover our race and nation and the system followed Dangunchosun(檀君朝鮮), Koguryo and Balhae.Third it is different that Park eun-sik described the whole Balhae history on a survey on the other hand Chin chae-ho(申采浩)'s description about Balhae stayed the step on the theory of knowledge. It is a lot of analogous contents between Chin chae-ho's Doksasinron(讀史新論) was published in 1908 previous Park eun-sik and Park eun-sik's Balhaethaejogeongukji. Finally understanding Balhae history of Park eun-sik succeeded to previous realist and affected the study about Balhae history of contemporary and after nationalism historians greatly. Recognizing Nambukjo(南北朝) of Balhae and Shira(新羅) was affected by Yu dekgong(柳得恭), Kim jeng-ho(金正浩) and Kim taek-young(金澤榮). Men who recognized and emphasized that Balhae acceded to Koguryo and had great importance in Korean history were Yu dek-gong, Kim taek-young, Jang ji-yeon(張志淵), Chin chae-ho and so on. And Park eun-sik exerted great influence on recognizing Balhae of Shin gyu-sik(申圭植), Jang do-bin (張道斌), Kwon duk-gyu(權悳奎), Hwang ui-don(黃義敦) and Kim sang-gi(金庠基) after Balhaethaejogeongukji.

渤海人의 契丹 內地로의 강제 遷徙와 居住地 檢討

임상선(LIM Sang-sun) 고구려발해학회 2013 고구려발해연구 Vol.47 No.-

渤海 멸망 이전 契丹의 遼東 지역 점유 과정으로부터 928년 東丹國의 遷徙에 이르기까지 渤海 지역에서 契丹 內地로의 渤海人의 천사를 『遼史』 地理志를 중심으로 검토해 보았다. 발해가 멸망하기 이전에 거란 지역에서 발해인이 거주한 곳으로는 上京道에서는 臨潢府의 潞縣, 饒州의 長樂縣이 있다. 東京道에서는 遼州, 同州의 東平縣·永昌縣, 瀋州 소속 巖州의 白巖縣, 廣州, 銀州, 辰州가 있었다. 926년 발해 멸망 직후, 발해인이 천사된 지역으로는 上京道에서 臨潢府의 長泰縣, 定?縣, 保和縣, 宣化縣이고, 祖州의 長?縣, 懷州의 扶餘縣·顯理縣, 慶州의 富義縣, 永州의 長寧縣·義?縣, 饒州의 臨河縣·安民縣에 발해인이 있었다. 東京道에서는 通州의 扶餘縣·顯義縣·强帥縣, 龍州의 黃龍縣·遷民縣, 韓州가 있고, 이밖에 중경도 錦州 소속의 巖州도 발해 포로로 이루어진 주였다. 928년 12월부터 거란은 後患을 염려하여 옛 발해 지역에 있던 東丹國과 그 주민을 거란 지역으로 천사시켰다. 발해 上京龍泉府는 東京遼陽府의 遼陽縣·仙鄕縣·鶴野縣·析木縣·興遼縣, 그리고 湖州와 渤州로 천사되었고, 中京玄德府는 盧州·鐵州·興州는 발해와 거란의 주의 명칭이 같고, 거란 崇州는 발해 榮州를 잘못 표기한 것으로 생각된다. 東京龍原府의 慶州가 거란에서는 開州로 명칭이 바뀌었고, 나머지 鹽·穆·賀 3州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않은채 옮겨졌다. 西京鴨?府의 神州는 거란에서는 ?州로 개칭되고, 나머지 桓州, ?州, 正州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않았으며, 南京南海府의 沃州는 거란에서는 海州로 바뀌고, 해주의 소속 주인 耀州와 嬪州는 남경남해부의 椒州와 晴州가 명칭이 바뀌어 옮겨간 것이다. 5경 이외에 遂州와 信州는 발해의 懷遠府에 있던 주민이 옮겨간 곳이고, 발해의 특수한 주인 ?州·銅州·涑州의 3개 州도 천사되었다. 『요사』 지리지에서 천사 시기를 밝히지 않고, ‘本 무슨 무슨 곳 --- 故縣’, 혹은 ‘故縣’ 만으로 표시된 州, 縣은 東丹國이 천사될 때의 주, 현인 것으로 보인다. 다만, 천사된 戶는 각 府·州·縣의 지배적 집단이었을 가능성이 높고, 그 호수는 모두 발해인이라 하더라도, 이것이 각 부·주·현의 전체 호수라고는 할 수 없을 것이다. This study reviewed the Balhe People’s deportation from their Balhae territory to the inland of Gulran during the period from the Gulan tribal’s occupation on the Liadong region before the Balhe’s fall to the nation Dongran’s deportation in 928 around the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 As the areas that Balhae people had resided in Khitan’s ruling region before the Nation Balhae fell, there were Ro-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do and Jangak-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, some Balhae people lived in Ryo-ju, Dongpyung-hyun and Yeongchang-hyun in Dong-ju, Baekam-hyun in Am-ju govered by Sim-ju, Gawng-ju, Eun-ju, and Jin-ju. Immediately after the Nation Balhae fell in 926, some Balhe people were forcibly moved to Jangtae-hyun, Jeongpae-hyun, Bowha-hyun and Seonwha-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do, Jangpae-hyun in Jo-ju, or Buyeo-hyun and Hyeon-rhiyun in Whoi-ju, Buihyun in Geyong-ju, Jangneyong-hyun and Woipung-hyun in Yeong-ju, or Limha-hyun and Anmin-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, as the regions where the Balhae people lived, there were Buyeo-hyn and Hyunwoi-hyun and Gangsu-hyun in Tong-ju, Whangryonghyun, Cheonmin-hyun in Yong-ju, and Han-ju. Besides, Am-ju governed by Geum-ju, Junggyeong-do was made of Balhae captives. Sine Decemer in 928, the Khitan government forcibly moved the people of nation Dongran which had founded in the former Balhae’s territory to some regions governed by the Nation Khitan in order to prevent Dongra’s people’s resistance. The residents in Sanggyeong Yeongcheon-bu, the capital of former Balhae were forcibly moved to Royang-hun, Seonhayng-hyun, Hakya-hyun, Seokmokhyun, and Hongro-hyun in Donggyeong Yoyang-bu, and some residents were forcibly moved to the regions of Ho-ju and Bal-ju. It is considered that the Ro-ju, Cheol-ju, and Heung-ju, the adminstrative districts of Junggyeong Hyunduk-bu might have the same names with Nation Khitan’s regions, and Sung-ju under the Nation Khitan might mistakenly been written the Yeongju under the Nation Balhae. Gyeong-ju in Donggyeong Yongwonbu changed its name into Gae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the 3 states of Yeom-ju, Mok-ju and Ha-ju remanied their names. Shin-ju in Seogyeong Aprok-bu changed its name into Rok-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the rest s3tates of Whan-ju, Pung-ju and Jeong-ju remained their names. Ok-ju in Namgyoeng Namhae-bu was changed its name to Hae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the both states of Yo-ju and Bin-hu governed by Hae-ju were the names changed from Cho-ju and Cheong-ju governed by Namgyeong Namhae-bu. Besides the 5 gyeongs, the both states of Su-ju and Sin-hu were the regions where the Balhae residents living lived in Hhoiwon-bu under the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved into, and the residnets in 3 states specially managed by the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved to Yeongju, Dong-ju, and Sok-ju. Jus and Hyuns written in form of former 00 hyun or simply a former hyun not being writing the deportation period in the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 are considered as the jus and hyuns at the time when the residents of Nation Dongran were forcibly moved. But only it is very possible that forcibly moved houses(戶) might be the ruling groups of each Bu(府), Ju(州) or Hyun(縣), and even though the number of forcibly moved houses(Ho) might be composed of all Balhae people, they couldn’t be considered the number of total houses in each Bu, Ju or Hyun.

브랜드 인지도와 광고가 콘택트렌즈의 착용감과 가격만족도에 미치는 영향

임동규 ; 신상준 ; 한지선 ; 이익한 ; 김진숙 김천대학교 2016 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of brand awareness and brand advertising on price satisfaction and comfort in contact lens. We did a survey with 200 university students (85 male, 115 female) who have experience of wearing contact lens from April to May in 2015. The brand awareness of contact lens influences to purchasing intention of contact lens, it effects women more than men. Many respondents(53%) replied that the reliability is the most important elements of the advertising. This survey indicates that there is no statistically significant correlation between the brand awareness and advertisement with price satisfaction in contact lens. Therefore we could confirm they have dissatisfaction for prices of contact lens regardless to brand awareness or advertisement. The brand and advertising dependence group have more comfort of contact lens than non-dependence group when they are long time wear of contact lens. Therefore, there is statistically significant correlation between the brand awareness and advertisement with comfort of contact lens. As a result, brand awareness and reliability of advertising influences to purchasing intention of contact lens. But there is no statistically significant correlation with price satisfaction in contact lens. Whereas, brand awareness and advertisement have a statistically significant correlation with comfort of contact lens.

일본 중등학교 역사교과서의 발해 관련 내용 연구

임상선 한국사회과교육연구학회 2002 사회과교육 Vol.41 No.2

발해는 동아시아의 주요 구성 분자이며, 과거만이 아니라 현대의 동아시아를 바라 보는 창구와 같은 존재라고 할 수 있다. 일본의 중학교 역사 교과서에서는 발해사가 전후 맥락을 이해할 정도의 설명이 이루어지지 못하고 있으나, 고등학교 역사교과서는 분량상이나 내용면에서 자세하다. 중학교 역사교과서 중에는 발해가 고구려의 땅에서 고구려 후손을 중심으로 건국되었다는 것을 명사한 것도 있으나, 발해가 일본과의 교류나 영역 표시 등이 일본사를 설명하는 보조적인 위치에 머물러 있다. 반면에 고등학교 역사교과서는 발해가 당과 신라의 군사적 위협으로부터 일본의 지원, 그리고 경제적 이득 때문에 일본의 조공국 혹은 속국 대우를 감수하였다며, 발해를 일종의 열등한 나라로 서술하는 등 지나치게 자국사 입장이어서 시정이 필요하다. Balhae is main component of east Asia and can be an existence like a window to get a view of east Asia not only of the present but also of the past. In the textbook of history of Japanese middle school, more explanation is needed about Balhae to understand its context. But in the textbook of history of Japanese high school, fuller explanation is given than that in quantity and in quality. In the textbook of history of middle school, though it's described Balhae is almost founded by descendants of Koguryo, interchange or indication of territory between Balhae and Japan is limited to assistant position to explain Japanese history. In the textbook of history of high school, it's described Balhae is resigned to Japanese treatment as a tributary or a country to pay taxes because Balhae can make a profit on economy and support of Japan from military threatening of Tang and Shila. Thus Balhae is described as a kind of backward country. It's partial to domestic angle too much, so correct errors is needed.

응급환자의 중증도 분류를 위한 지표의 개발 : Triage Score와 Modified Triage Score NEW METHODS TO TRIAGE ALL EMERGENCY PATIENTS

임경수,홍은석,김선만,황성오 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Up to now, triage system for all emergent patients, which can be used fast and conviently according to their severity has not been developed yet. For the triage of trauma patient, emergency medical technicians and emergency medical doctors are commonly using R.T.S. (Revised Trauma Score). The R.T.S. consists of GCS(Glasgow coma scale), systolic blood, pressure and respiration rate per minute. But it is difficult for emergency medical technicians to calculate GCS in the prehospital because of its complexity and need for more time. Therefore we develop the Triage Score by remodelling the R.T.S. by replacing GCS with AVPU scale and systolic blood pressure that is under 49 mmHg after adding 1-49 mmHg with 0 mmHg and respiration rate per minute that is under 5/min after adding 1-5/min with 0/min. We stuied the significance and the possible triage application of Triage Score in traumatic emergency patients. For nontraumatic emergency patients, we develop the Modified Triage Score to triage the cardiovascular emergencies by adding the item of chest pain to Triage Score. A prospective study was carried out on 530 patients from March 1 to 31 1996. There were 210 trauma patients and 320 nontraumatic emergency patients and the result shows as follows. For trauma patients, there was linear correlation between R.T.S. and Triage Score(R²=0.965). Comparison analysis between high risk group (admission+death patients) and low risk group(discharge patients) of nontraumatic emergency patients by using Modified Triage Score is statistically significant(P<0,001) The cardiovascular emergencies could not categorized as urgency by Triage Score, but that was possible by application of Modified Triage Score. In conclusion, we can triage the injured patients effectively by Triage Score and the nontraumatic emergency patients including emergency cardiovascular disease can be categorized as urgency by applying the Modified Triage Score.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 Vimentin 유전자 전사조절에 대한 AP-1의 역할

임규,김진희,권도원,김승민,이명선,윤경아,손미영,박종일,윤완희,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

Purpose: To gain insight on the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of vimentin gene during differentiation of HL-60 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the levels of vimentin mRNA and AP-1 have been investigated with Northern blot hybridization and DNA mobility shift assay. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO_2 at 37℃. Total RNA was prepared by a modification of the method of Karlinsey et al. Northern blot hybridization was performed by the method of Virca et al. EcoRI fragment of pVIM-GEM was used as probe for vimentin mRNA. DNA mobility shift assay was performed by the method of Lim et al. End labeled DNA probe(Upper strand, 5'-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCG- 3') for AP-1 binding activity was mixed with nuclear extracts in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 300 mM KCI, 60 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 25 mM MgCI_2, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 60% glycerol, and 2 ㎍ of poly[dI-dC]. Results: TPA increased vimentin mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation reached at 24 hr. The level of vimentin mRNA was induced in proportion to the concentration of TPA. TPA-induced vimentin mRNA was almost reduced by actinomycin-D pretreatment. TPA-induced stimulation of vimentin gene was completely reduced by staurosporin pretreatment. In DNA mobility shift assay, AP-1 newly appeared at 24 hr during TPA-induced differentiation and was almost not detected after the pretreatment of staurosporin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the induction of vimentin mRNA during TPA-dependent differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by protein kinases C signal transduction and AP-1 is important to transcriptional regulation.

요통환자에 있어서 MRI 소견상 추간판 팽윤의 임상적 의의

선호영,조성일,이정웅,임상덕,정상돈,윤영석 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.12

All-Trans Retinoic Acid에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 H2B Histone, c-Myc 및 DNA Topoisomerase I 발현에 관한 연구

임규,박정동,최병한,이용진,김계영,이명선,장은미,김삼용,권기량,곽상태,황병두 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Effects of all-trans retinoic acid(retinoic acid) on DNA replication, H2B histone and DNA topoisopmerase I(Topo I) gene expression have been investigated in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. DNA synthesis decreased at 24 hours after exposure of retinoic acid in the HL-60 cells. H2B histone mRNA rapidly reduced at 48 hours and Topo I and c-myc mRNA at 24 hours in retinoic acid-exposured HL-60 cells, respectively. The levels of c-myc, H2B histone and Topo I gene expression were reduced in proportion to the concentration of retinoic acid. The H2B histone mRNA in retinoic acid-exposured cells was elevated by cycloheximide treatment, while the level of Topo I mRNA was constant. These results suggest that regulations of H2B histone, c-myc and Topo I gene expression are different from one another, and repression of Topo I gene is closely correlated with c-myc gene during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 Vimentin 유전자 전사조절에 대한 AP-1의 역할

임규,김진희,권도원,김승민,이명선,윤경아,손미영,박종일,윤완희,황병두 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: To gain insight on the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of vimentin gene during differentiation of HL-60 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the levels of vimentin mRNA and AP-1 have been investigated with Northern blot hybridization and DNA mobility shift assay. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO_(2) at 37°C. Total RNA was prepared by a modification of the method of Karlinsey et al. Northern blot hybridization was performed by the method of Virca et al. EcoRI fragment of pVIM-GEM was used as probe for vimentin mRNA. DNA mobility shift assay was performed by the method of Lim et al. End labeled DNA probe(Upper strand, 5'-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCG- 3') for AP-1 binding activity was mixed with nuclear extracts in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 300 mM KC1, 60 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 25 mM MgCl_(2), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 60% glycerol, and 2μg of poly[dI-dC]. Results: TPA increased vimentin mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation reached at 24 hr. The level of vimentin mRNA was induced in proportion to the concentration of TPA. TPA-induced vimentin mRNA was almost reduced by actinomycin-D pretreatment. TPA-induced stimulation of vimentin gene was completely reduced by staurosporin pretreatment. In DNA mobility shift assay, AP-1 newly appeared at 24 hr during TPA-induced differentiation and was almost not detected after the pretreatment of staurosporin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the induction of vimentin mRNA during TPA-dependent differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by protein kinases C signal transduction and AP-1 is important to transcriptional regulation.

심정지환자에서 epinephrine투여시 혈중 catecholamine의 변화

임경수,황성오,이부수,이강현,이진웅,임종천,김영식,김선만,김 현 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background : Cardiac arrest is a potent stimulus for the release of endogenous catecholamine and high plasma catecholamine concentration has been reported during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Few data were present about the clinical effect of high plasma catecholamine and endogenous catecholamine response to exogenous epinephrine administration during CPR. Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate endogenous catecholamine response to cardiac arrest and exogenously administered epinephrine during CPR. Method : In 21 cardiac arrest victims, blood sample for epinephrine and norepinephrine was drawn before and 1 minute after each epinephrine administration during CPR. 1mg of epinephrine was administered immediately after intravenous access and 3 minute interval during CPR. Plasma catecholamines were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Result : Baseline plasma epinephrine concentraqtion was higher in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls (985±1627 vs 194±173 pg/ml, p<0.05). Baseline plasma norepinephrine concentration was also elevated in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls, although statistically insignificnat(1965±4915 vs 360±250 pg/ml). Plasma epinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was significantly elevated after exogenous administration of epinephrine, but its response was blunted after the third does of epinephrine. Plasma norepinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was also elevated, but its response was observed only after the first epinephrine administration. Plasma epinephrine concentration was persistently higher in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) than patients without ROSC. there was no significant difference of plasma norepinephrine concentration whether spontaneous circulation was restored or not. Endogenous epinephrine response to exogenous epinephrine was not observed in patients having prolonged arrest time over 20 minutes. Conclusion : Results of this study suggests that significant amount of catecholamine is released by exogenous epinephrine administration in spite of high plasma catecholamine concentration, and degree of endogenous catecholamine response influences resuscitation outcome.