Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

한국의 철도정책 조망

이재경(Lee Jae Kyeong) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Korean Railway has contributed to the national economy since the opening era of railway at the time of Kyeong-in Line Establishment. There has been line establishment, variation of train"s Kinds and the development of technique and operations. But there some about stagnation by the development of ground transport and air service. Now, we are engaged in the new era of train transport by electricity especially, express railway(KTX). Korea is a peninsular in the East Asia, small territory, for the more, under the hard fact of divided nation. Hence, Korea"s railway development and it"s policy are consist with the problems in the inside or outsides. Here, we would compare and analyze the policy proposals based on these real facts and railway capitals therefore, we wish to contribute to the future plan and operation of Korean railway.

Analyzing Public Opinion and Emotions Using Tweets and Online-Comments toward Candidates in 2017 South Korean Presidential Election

Na Kyeong Lee,Jae Mook Lee,Gidong Kim 한국학술연구원 2019 Korea Observer Vol.50 No.4

The 2017 Korean presidential election was different from previous presidential elections for two reasons: First, it was a by-election due to the unprecedented impeachment of the president Park Geun-hye, and second, more than three candidates from multiple parties competed in the election. Since Moon Jae-in was predicted to easily win, the fight for the second place - between Hong Joon-pyo and Ahn Cheol-soo - was very competitive. In order to understand the electoral dynamics, we collect and analyze tweets and online-comments toward major candidates with logic of granger causality. We find that public sentiment toward Ahn does Granger-cause changes in online sentiment toward other candidates both from major and minor parties. This result shows that Ahn played a pivotal role in the 2017 presidential election, and implies that Koreans are eager to have alternative forces.

비정질 인듐갈룸ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 기반의 AMOLED 화소 회로

이재표(Jae-Pyo Lee),유경민(Kyeong-Min Yu),장진녕(JinNyoung Jang),홍문표(MunPyo Hong),배병성(Byung Seong Bae) 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2013 공업기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

본 논문은 비정질 인둠ᅳ갈f ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 (a-IGZO TFT)를 이용하여 능동형 유기발광다이오드 (AMOLED)용 문턱전압(Vth )을 보상하는 화소 회로를 제안하였다. 산화물 TFT는 n-채널 TFT로써, 우리는 n-채널 TFT 특성으로 회로를 최적화하였다. 제안된 화소 회로는 회로 시뮬레이션 뿐만 아니라 회로 분석을 이용하여 확인되었다. 제안된 화소 회로는 AMOLED에서 구동 TFT의 문턱전압 변화를 보상할 수 있다. 제안된 화소 회로를 이용함으로써, 문턱전압 보상은 달성되었다. rhis paper proposes a tnresnold voltage compensation pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM OLED) using amorphous indium-gaUiimi-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs), Oxide TFT is an n-channel TFT; therefore, we optimized the circuit for the n-channel TFT characteristics. The proposed pixel circuit was verified using circuit analysis as well as circuit simulations. The proposed circuit could compensate for the threshold voltage variations o f drive TFT in AM OLED. Using the proposed pixel circuit, threshold voltage compensation was achieved.

2차원 및 3차원 초음파를 이용한 태아표면의 해부학적 선별 검사에 관한 연구

윤석범,이해혁,이정재,최경훈,이순곤,이임순,이권해 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

Objective : Our purpose of this study was to determine the clarity and consuming time of fetal surface screening in thirty-eight fetuses from 24 to 32 weeks of gestation by use of two and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Methods : From May 1998 to July 1998, we performed the fetal surface screening of the fetal face, extremities, and spine. Thirty-eight fetuses of 24-32 weeks of gestation (thirty-seven normal fetuses and one abnormal fetus) were studied by use two-dimensional (AI 5200S, 3.5-5.0MHz; Acoustic Imaging Technologic Cooperation, U.S.A.) and three-dimensional ultrasonography (Volusion 530D, 3.5-5.0 MHz ; Kretz-Medicine, Korea). On the fetal face, we evaluated both orbits, nose, lips and brow. Both hands and feet, five digits and toes should be seen in this study. We evaluated cervical spine and lumbosacral junction of the spine. Results : The maternal average age of 38 patients was 29.9 years and the average gestational age was 29.7 weeks. The results of fetal surface screening were as follows : face (both orbits 89.5%, lips 92.1%, nose 92.1%, and brow 89.5%), extremities (both hands 68.4% and feet 73.7%), and spine (cervical spine 94.7% and lumbosacral junction 97.4%) by use of two-dimensional ultrasonography. By use of three-dimensional ultrasonography, results were as follows : face (both orbits 76.3%, lips 81.6%, nose 81.6%, and brow 78.9%), extremities (both hands 76.3% and feet 78.9%), and spine (cervical spine 71.1% and lumbosacral junction 73.7%). Consuming time for two-dimensional ultrasonography were 4.7 minutes for face, 11.6 minutes for extremities, and 5.7 minutes for spine. Using three-dimensional ultrasonography results were 12.8 minutes for face, 17.9 minutes for extremities, and 11.7 minutes for spine. Average consuming time of all fetal anatomic screening was 22.0 and 42.4 minutes by use of two and three dimensional ultrasonography. In one abnormal fetus had cleft lip and polydactyly of right foot which were detected all by three-dimensional ultrasonography, but we couldn't detect the polydactyly by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Conclusion : Three-dimensional ultrasonography was more time-consuming method, but we suggested that three-dimensional ultrasonography was superior than two-dimensional ultrasonography in fetal surface screening.

성기능장애 환자에서 Papaverine/Phentolamlne/PGE₁ 삼중약물의 음경해면체내 자가주사 치료의 장기추적결과

백재승,이경철,김수웅,이종욱,김시황 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.9

Scorpion intoxication 1례

이경룡,윤천재,이한식 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Scorpion intoxication is not often encountered. Scorpion venom is complex and species-specific, those of the family Buthidae being most harmful to humans. The toxin consists of phospholipase, acetylinesterase, hyaluronidase, serotonin, and neurotoxins. A neurotoxins envenomation can produce severe systemic toxicity, especially in children. Symptoms include throat spasms, muscular fasciculations, abdominal clamps, seizures, increased or decreased blood pressure, oliguria, dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and respiratory collapse. We experienced a 60-year-old female patient who suffered abdominal clamp and both leg pain with multifocal PVC through to be caused by scorpion intoxication. She hypertension for several years, but no medications. During last six months she had suffered from facial palsy. So she had received herb medication with scorpion venom. After treatment for 3days she recovered well and discharged. We report this case with literature reviews.

경추손상의 형태와 원인

이용재,이경석 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

We present a series of 205 patients with cervical spinal injury. Those patients were treated at Soonchunhyang University Chonan Hospital during eight-year-period (January 1986-December 1993). We collected data on types and causes of cervical spinal injuries, and frequency of cord injury retrospectively. Most(74.1%) of the cervical spinal injuries occurred in those patients with 20-60 years of age, and the peak age was the third decade. Male to female ratio was 3.2 : 1. Upper cervical(C1, C2) spine was injured in 22.9%, and lower cervical (C3-7) spinal injuries constituted 69.3%. In 7.8%, there were spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormality(SCIWORA). C6 was the most common level of cervical spinal injury, followed by C2, C5, C7 in that order, and the injury was least common in C1, C2 shared 87.2% of the upper cervical spinal injury. In lower cervical spine, C5-7 shared 79.6%. The common causes of injury were passenger traffic accidents (48.8%), falls (28.3%), and pedestrian traffic accidents (11.7%). In upper cervical spinal injuries, falls were more common than pedestrian traffic accidents, vice versa in lower cervical spinal injuries. Anatomical sites of spine injuries were intervertebral joint in 43.4%, body in 43.4%, pedicle and lamina in 11.1%, and processes in 8.5%. In two cases (1.1%), penetrating injury was responsible to the cord injury. Intervertebral joint and body injuries were common in fall, and less common in pedestrian traffic injury. Lamina injuries were common in traffic injuries and less common in falls. Process injuries were common in pedestrian traffic accidents, and less common in falls. SCIWORA was least common in pedestrian traffic accidents. Common types of injury were odontoid process fracture type Ⅲ and hangman fracture in the upper cervical spine. In lower cervical spine, dislocation(32.4%), subluxation(10.6%), and fracture-dislocation(10.6%) were common types. Cord injury occurred in 103 patients (50.2%). The rate of cord injury was dependent to the level and types of spinal injury. Age, cause, and site of injury did not significantly affect the rate of cord injury. The rate of cord injury in the upper cervical spine was 29.8%, and it was 51.4% in thw lower cervical spine. Dislocation was the most common type of injury resulting cord injury (76.0%), followed by fracture-dislocation (68.8%), body fracture (34.8%), lamina fracture (33.3%) in that order. Victims who were aged, injured by passenger's traffic accident or fall, and injured at the joint revealed the higher rate of cord injury, but those differences were statistically not significant. We again confirmed that cord injury occurred in more than a half of the cervical spine injuries, and were most common in those 20-50 years of age, that is the most active and productive period of life. Cervical spine is the most common site of spine injury, and most cervical spine injuries were brought on by potentially preventable causes. To reduce the number of secondarily disabled persons, an effort to prevent traffic accidents, the most common causes, is required.

간접흡연이 동맥혈 산소포화도 및 혈압에 미치는 영향

이종삼,윤재만,전중기,고성경 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 2007 人文科學硏究 Vol.30 No.-

We investigated that the effect of passive smoking on percent oxygen saturation (%SaO2) and blood pressure (BP). Total 16 healthy male subjects were recruited, and subjects were allocated into one of two groups: either smoker group (n=8) or non-smoker group (n=8). All subjects were stayed in sealed laboratory room until all the experiment completed. Each subject in smoker group have smoked every one hour, and %SaO2 in arterial blood, BP, heart rate (HR), lung vital capacity (VC), and blood glucose and lactate were measured. BP was increased more rapidly in non-smoker group than smoker group during experimental period. SaO2 was significantly lower in non-smoker group compared to smoker group. There was no significant change in HR, and blood glucose and lactate. It was not also significantly changed in VC. In conclusion, passive smoking can deteriorate in %SaO2 and BP in nonsmoker healthy people, and smoking should be prohibited in any public area as well as room in which multi-persons work together.

TiAl 합금을 위한 Al-21Ti-23Cr 및 Al-37Ti-12Cr 코팅재료의 장기간 산화특성 평가

이재경,김수현,오명훈,위당문 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.10

Both Al-21Ti-23Cr(L1₂+Cr₂Al) and Al-37Ti-12Cr(γ+TiAlCr) two-phase alloys have been accepted to be the most pertinent coating materials in Al-Ti-Cr alloy system to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy taking into consideration of the oxidation properties, the resistance to thermal stress and the chemical compatibility. The cyclic oxidation tests at 1000℃ and 1200℃ were performed for the specimens coated with both materials of 10 mm thickness, and the breakaway oxidation could be observed although both bulk alloys could form a stable Al₂O₃layer. And it was resulted from depleted Al content in the coating layer due to Al₂O₃oxide growth and interdiffusion with substrate. Considering the decrease of Al content resulting from oxide growth, the Al-21Ti-23Cr coating with higher initial Al content was more effective for oxidation protection of TiAl alloy for long-term service. On the other hand, when the change of Al content due to the interdiffusion with substrate was considered, the Al-37Ti-12Cr coating with smaller compositional gradient with TiAl substrate was more effective than the Al-21Ti-23Cr coating. However, it was confirmed through the cyclic oxidation tests at 1000℃ and 1200℃ that the initial Al content was more important for longer life-time of coating materials than the smaller compositional gradient with substrate. Therefore, the Al-21Ti-23Cr coating would be supposed to be more effective for long-term oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys.