Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과

송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.

High ft 30nm Triple-Gate In0.7GaAs HEMTs with Damage-Free SiO₂/SiNx Sidewall Process and BCB Planarization

Dae-Hyun Kim,Seong-Jin Yeon,Saegn-SUb Song,Jae-Hak Lee,Kwang-Seok Seo 대한전자공학회 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2

A 30 nm In0.7GaAs High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with triple-gate has been successfully fabricated using the SiO₂/SiN, sidewall process and BCB planarization. The sidewall gate process was used to obtain finer lines, and the width of the initial line could be lessened to half by this process. To till the Schottky metal effectively to a narrow gate line after applying the developed sidewall process, the sputtered tungsten (W) metal was utilized instead of conventional e-beam evaporated metal. To reduce the parasitic capacitance through dielectric layers and the gate metal resistance (Rg), the etchedback BCB with a low dielectric constant was used as the supporting layer of a wide gate head, which also offered extremely low Rg of 1.7 Ohm for a total gate width (Wg) of 2X100 m. The fabricated 30nm In0.7GaAs HEMTs showed Vth of -0.4V, Gm,max, of 1.7S/mm, and f.r of 421GHz. These results indicate that InGaAs nano-HEMT with excellent device performance could be successfully fabricated through a reproducible and damage-free sidewall process without the aid of state-of-the-art lithography equipment. We also believe that the developed process will be directly applicable to the fabrication of deep sub-50nm InGaAs HEMTs if the initial line length can be reduced to below 50nm order.<br/> <br/>

High $f_T$ 30nm Triple-Gate $In_{0.7}GaAs$ HEMTs with Damage-Free $SiO_2/SiN_x$ Sidewall Process and BCB Planarization

Kim, Dae-Hyun,Yeon, Seong-Jin,Song, Saegn-Sub,Lee, Jae-Hak,Seo, Kwang-Seok The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2

A 30 nm $In_{0.7}GaAs$ High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with triple-gate has been successfully fabricated using the $SiO_2/SiN_x$ sidewall process and BCB planarization. The sidewall gate process was used to obtain finer lines, and the width of the initial line could be lessened to half by this process. To fill the Schottky metal effectively to a narrow gate line after applying the developed sidewall process, the sputtered tungsten (W) metal was utilized instead of conventional e-beam evaporated metal. To reduce the parasitic capacitance through dielectric layers and the gate metal resistance ($R_g$), the etchedback BCB with a low dielectric constant was used as the supporting layer of a wide gate head, which also offered extremely low Rg of 1.7 Ohm for a total gate width ($W_g$) of 2x100m. The fabricated 30nm $In_{0.7}GaAs$ HEMTs showed $V_{th}$of -0.4V, $G_{m,max}$ of 1.7S/mm, and $f_T$ of 421GHz. These results indicate that InGaAs nano-HEMT with excellent device performance could be successfully fabricated through a reproducible and damage-free sidewall process without the aid of state-of-the-art lithography equipment. We also believe that the developed process will be directly applicable to the fabrication of deep sub-50nm InGaAs HEMTs if the initial line length can be reduced to below 50nm order.

Inkjet‐Printable Nanoporous Ag Disk Arrays Enabling Coffee‐Ring Effect‐Driven Analyte Enrichment Towards Practical SERS Applications

Jung-Sub Wi,Jeong Dae Kim,Wonseok Lee,Hyunsik Choi,Minjeong Kwak,Jungkeun Song,Tae Geol Lee,Jong G. Ok 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2

To make surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors more practical, we propose nanoporous Ag disks as SERSactive plasmonic structures that can be readily inkjet-printed just before use to avoid degradation of SERS enhancement. Together with the aid of the enhanced plasmonic fi elds from the nanoporous Ag (confirmed by electromagnetic simulation), we utilize a coffee-ring effect to concentrate target analytes, which is demonstrated by confocal Raman measurements. By using the proposed SERS sensor, Raman signals of TiO 2 nanoparticles with a concentration of ppm to sub-ppb have been successfully measured. TiO 2 in commercial consumables has been also detected by distinguishing its crystalline phase.

교차로계획에서 현대식 회전교차로(Modern Roundabout)의 도입 타당성

박병호,송대섭 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 建設技術論文集 Vol.22 No.2

This study deals with the rationalities of modern roundabouts in the intersection planning. The goals are three-folds: (1) to compare modern roundabouts with the traditional traffic circles, and (2) to describe the types of modern roundabouts, and (3) to analyze the effectiveness of introducing the modern roundabouts to the intersection planning. The main results are as follows. Frist, the modern roundabouts have such the merits as improved safety, shorter delay, increased capacity and aesthetics compared to the traffic circles. Secondly, the modern roundabouts are described as six types of roundabouts according to the entering speed, number of lane, capacities and others. Finally, the literature survey shows that the roundabouts have such the general effects as the improved safety, decreased delay, urban aesthetics and other.

전위된 관절내 원위 요골의 관절경을 이용한 고정술

이원용,박병문,임대의,송경섭,홍정우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적: 전위된 관절내 원위 요골 골절에 관절경을 이용한 정복술과 경피적 K 강선 및 외고정기기를 이용한 수술법의 결과를 알아보고자 함이다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 8월까지 수술한 11명 12예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 추시 기간은 14개월 이었다. 골절의 형태는 AO 분류에 의하면 1예는 B3형, 4예는 C2형, 7예는 C3형 골절이었다. 전예에서 2.7㎜ 관절경을 이용하였으며 추가적인 관혈적 정복은 시행하지 않았다. 경피적 K 강선 고정술 후 외고정 기기를 사용하였다. 관절내 골연골 골편을 제거하였으며 추가적인 수근 골간 인대와 삼각 섬유 연골 손상의 적극적인 처치는 없었다. 고정물 제거 시기는 경피적 K 강선은 술후 4주, 외고정 기기는 7주에 시행하였다. 결과: 평균 수근 관절의 신전 및 굴곡은 정상의 72%였다. 평균 요측 길이는 12.3 ㎜, 전방경사는 5.7°, 척측 경사는 22.4°였다. 평균 관절면의 불일치는 1㎜였다. 술후 구획 증후군의 발생은 없었으며 치료 중 골절 함몰 소견은 없었다. 임상적으로 Gartland와 Werley의 평가에 의하면 8예에서 우수, 3예에서 양호, 1예에서 보통의 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 관절내 분쇄 골절의 치료에서 관절경을 이용한 관절면 정복술은 수술적 연부 조직을 최소화하면서 관절면을 비교적 정확하게 정복함으로 관절면의 불일치를 감소시켜 손상 후 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. Purpose: To investigate the result of arthroscopically assisted reduction of intraarticular fracture of distal radius with percutaneous K-wires and external fixation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 12 intraarticular distal radial fractures of 11 patients treated arthroscopically assisted reduction in Orthopedic Department of Sung-Ae hospital between January, 2001 and August, 2001. The mean length of follow-up was 14 months. Analysis of them revealed that B3 was 1 case, C2 4 cases and C3 7 cases according to the AO classification. All cases were treated by 2.7 ㎜ arthroscopic devices and percutaneous K-wires pining with external fixationg, but additionally invasive reductional technique was not used. We removed the osteochondral flap but not treated. The K-wires were removed at 4 weeks, external fixation was 7 weeks, respectivley. Result: The mean active range of movement in the affected wrist was total arc of the flextion-extension 72% of the opposite side. Radiographically mean volar tilt, radial inclination and radial length compartment syndrome and fractures collapse were not occured during follow-up period. According to the Gartland and Werley demerit-point system, eleven cases were a excellent or good one was a fair result. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted fixation is a useful method for reducing the soft tissue injuies and preventing the articular surface incogruency by anatomically reduction un cases of intraarticular comminution.

Rate capability for Na-doped Li_1.167Ni_0.18Mn_0.548Co_0.105O₂ cathode material and characterization of Li-ion diffusion using galvanostatic intermittent titration technique

Lim, Sung Nam,Seo, Jung Yoon,Jung, Dae Soo,Ahn, Wook,Song, Hoon Sub,Yeon, Sun-Hwa,Park, Seung Bin Elsevier 2015 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.623 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Spherical Li<SUB>1.167</SUB> <SUB>−</SUB> <I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>Na<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>Ni<SUB>0.18</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.548</SUB>Co<SUB>0.105</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (0⩽ <I>x</I> ⩽0.1) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis, and subjected to electrochemical characterization for lithium battery applications. It was confirmed that Na doping enhances the charge/discharge rate capability. The structure of prepared samples was characterized by XRD: the <I>c</I>-axis lattice parameter increases with increase in the amount of Na ions (parameterized by <I>x</I>, above). The Na-doped sample with <I>x</I> =0.05 shows capacities of 208 and 184mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> at high current densities of 1.0C and 2.0C, respectively. These values are enhanced, compared to values of 189 and 167mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> for the bare sample. The ratio of the capacity at 1.0C to that at 0.1C is enhanced from 77% for the bare sample to 84% for the Na-doped sample with <I>x</I> =0.05. The Li diffusion coefficients obtained from the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) are higher for Na-doped samples than for the bare sample. In particular, the Na-doped sample (<I>x</I> =0.05), in the potential range around 4V, has a higher <I>D</I> <SUB>Li+</SUB> value of 3.34×10<SUP>−9</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, compared with 1.35×10<SUP>−9</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for the bare sample. The Na-doped samples (0< <I>x</I> <0.075) show high capacity retention: the Na-doped sample (<I>x</I> =0.05) shows a capacity retention of 92% compared to 83% for the bare sample.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Spherical Na-doped Li-rich cathode material prepared by spray pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> Na-doped samples show better rate capability than that of bare sample. </LI> <LI> Na-doped sample has higher <I>D</I> <SUB>Li+</SUB> value at 4V compared with that of the bare sample. </LI> <LI> The cycle performance was enhanced from 83% to 92%. </LI> </UL> </P>

Genetic Characterization and Origin of an H3N2 Influenza Virus Isolated from a Dog with Respiratory Disease in Korea and Interspecies Transmission (avian to canine) of Avian Influenza Virus Originating at Live Poultry Markets

Dae sub Song,Bo kyu Kang,Chul seung Lee,Min joo Yeom,Sang yoon Han,Jeong man Kim 대한수의학회 2009 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2009 No.-

A Study on the Actual Condition and Development Plan of Psychological Warfare in NORTH KOREA

Song Kyung jae,Kim Min jong,Kim Dae eun,Shim Jin sub J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.2 No.2

Psychological Warfare against NORTH KOREA with an absolute advantage from NORTH KOREA was sus-pended as it was used as a role of political sacrifice for the greater advantage in war. Psychological war was a key tool that was used in order to induce a meeting between mid-ranking North and South Korean military offi-cials, but in response psychological warfare organizations suffered in their existence and led to a decrease in use. Fortunately, after the issue of Cheonan Navy Ship, the North Korean Attack on Yeonpyeong Island, and the August 25 Agreement, the importance of the functions of psychological warfare were confirmed and developmentally reconstructed. Psychological warfare holds a great deal of importance; it can secure national interests as well as victory in war. Moreover, it enables the enemy to conform and contributes to playing a decisive role in victory, with minimal cost and effort. The elements that require institutional development include the establishment of a professional organization as well as the use of professional agents, and so forth. Strategically, the plans for development include the simultaneous harmonization of psychological warfare against NORTH KOREA, with a mission that contributes to the unification-oriented national project. Additionally such strategic plans include: the implementation of psychological warfare by educating the North Korean army and people of unification, the development of argument and persuasion skills in psychological warfare, the de-velopment of the method in which psychological warfare is utilized, the development to the strategy for unearned victory of the enlightenment of the North Korean, and the creation of a favorable environment for the perfor-mance of psychological warfare There are the issues that should be systematically developed. First, the establishment of professional organi-zations should be developed. Second, it is the use of specialists. Third, it is the integrated management of psy-chological warfare operations. Fourth, a system for analyzing the psychological effects should be activated. Fifth, we need to develop equipment that surpasses and overwhelms North Korea’s psychological warfare capabilities. In addition, there are challenges to be developed with strategic purposes. First, psychological warfare should act in a way that responds to the current and future changes in the Korean peninsula. Second, the psychological warfare should be transferred into the field of unification education for North Korean and North Korean people. Third, it is the development of psychological warfare techniques. Fourth, it is the victory strategy. Fifth, it is the psychological warfare in proactively reach out to people. Sixth, it is the making of a conducive environment for psychological warfare. For example, it is necessary to create and utilize various psychological warfare environ-ments such as cyber psychological warfare.

프리스트레스가 도입된 LB-DECK의 균열하중

송원섭(Song, Won Sub),김기현(Kim, Gi Hyun),권남승(Kwon, Nam Seung),조규대(Cho Gyu Dae),윤석구(Youn, Seok Koo) 한국콘크리트학회 2011 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.5