국어학 연구의 성격과 태도에 대한 반성

임용기 국제언어인문학회 2003 인문언어 Vol.5 No.-

The issues concerning the nature of the attitude toward the study of national language may vary from country to country, depending on the national or racial characteristics. The problem domains and the methodologies dealing with them may vary accordingly. Ever since the Korean language was equipped with a writing system in the year of 1443 through King Sejong's long-cherished desire, investigations have been constantly made into the real nature of the language itself in pursuit of a better method for representing the spoken language in written form. This is how the study of the Korean language began to take shape.Among such investigations are Hunmin-jeong-eum (the Korean script: 1446) compiled by Jiphyon-jon, the royal office of schloarly researches, Doongguk- jeonghun-yokhun (the orthodox script of Korean: 1448), Hongmu-jeonghun- yeokhun (interlinear gloss for the Chinese script of the Ming Dynasty: 1455), An Orthodox Approach to Written Korean (1909) by the institute of the National Script, The Standardized Spelling System (1933) by Chosun Language Society, An Authorized Dictionary of Standard Korean (1936), How to Write Borrowed Words (1940), and A Grand dictionary of Korea (1947-57). Chu Shi-Gyung's Phonetics of the Korean Script (1908), Korean Grammar (1910), and Sound Patterns of Korean (1914) were all written in this vein; so was Choi Hyun-Bae's Uri-mal-bon (the rudiments of Korean Grammar: 1929/1937).All these achievements in the study of the Korean language are the end-products of the constant endeavor to solve the issues related to the spoken and written forms of the Korean language. And this is how the uniqueness and autonomy of the language study in korea have been established. It should be borne in mind, however, that, in seeking solutions to the problems inherent in the Korean linguistic studies of foreign countries. On the contrary, they have been very active in accommodating such results. While they have set up their problem domains on the basis of the korean language, they been progressively open-minded in looking for the solutions to the problems at hand.

학습 부진아의 말하기 능력 신장 방안

김동구 한국화법학회 2003 화법연구 Vol.6 No.-

학생들의 말하기 기피 현상은 학생들이 흠잡을 데 없이 완벽하게 발표해야 한다는 심리적 부담감이 크게 작용하고, 교사는 이러한 심리적 부담감을 해소시킬 수 있는 분위기 조성과 학생들의 특성에 맞는 학습 자료 및 활동을 재구성하여 활용하려는 적극적인 노력이 부족하여 창의적인 언어 구사의 장이 활성화되지 않고 있는 데 기인하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하여 여러 사람 앞에서 자연스럽게 말하기와 내용을 분명히 말하기, 상대방과 상황에 맞게 대화할 수 있는 말하기 기능을 신장시키기 위한 말하기 보충 학습 자료를 개발 활용하고, 학생들의 말하기에 대한 인식 구조의 변화를 통하여 효과적인 말하기가 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위해 학습 부진아의 말하기 능력 신장 방안을 연구하고자 했다. 본 연구의 대상은 1학년 때의 2학기 성적을 분석하여 말하기 수행 평가 결과에 의거 집단간 서로 유의한 차가 없는 두 집단을 실험반과 비교반으로 선정하였으며, 실험반과 비교반의 구분은 기말고사 결과(수행평가영역 중 말하기 평가-10점 만점)에서 평균 5점 이하에 속하는 학생으로 교과 담임의 임상적 판단에 의하여 한글 미해독자, 정신박약아, 지능지수85이하인 학생을 제외한 집단을 비교반으로 하고 나머지는 실험반으로 선정하였으며, 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 다음과 같은 절차로 연구하였다. 첫째, 고등학교 1학년의 2학기 기말고사 성적 중 말하기 평가 성적을 분석하여 국어 말하기 평가를 실시하고 성적의 차가 거의 없는 2개 집단을 선정하여 실험반과 비교반으로 구분하여 연구하였다. 둘째, 고등학교 1학년의 2학기 기말고사 성적 중 말하기 평가 성적을 분석하여 국어 말하기 평가를 실시하고 성적의 차가 거의 없는 2개 집단을 선정하여 실험반과 비교반으로 구분하여 연구하였다. 셋째, 통계 방법에 따라 실험 결과를 검증한다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보충 학습 자료를 이용한 자기 의사 표현 중심 말하기 교수-학습활동 과정 안을 적용함으로써 말하기 기초 기능 및 바른 태도를 함양할 수 있었고, 기초 지식을 습득하게 하였다. 둘째, 학습 부진아의 누적된 학습 결손 상태를 진단하여 이를 교정하여 줄 보충 학습 자료의 개발은 연구 결과에서 밝힌 것처럼 효과적인 결과를 얻었다. 셋째, 학습 부진아의 실험반의 말하기 국어 성적이 12월 4.65점에서 4월 중간고사 성적이 6.5점으로 향상된 것을 보면 평소 수업에서 학습 부진아에 대한 약간의 관심과 정성만 있으면 최소한의 부진을 해소시킬 수 있었다. 넷째, 학습 부진 학생들이 말하기 중요성을 인식하게 되었고, 그것을 통해 학생들이 효과적인 언어 사용을 하려 하였다. 즉, 학습 부진 학생들의 의식 구조에 변화가 있었다. The students' psychological burden of that they should present perfectly makes them avoid speaking, and due to teachers' lack of efforts to produce an atmosphere to lessen this kind of burden, and to make and use restructured learning materials and activities, the actual speaking situation is difficult to be activated. Therefore, a researcher attempted to improve these problems by developing and using supplementary speaking materials for natural speaking in public, clear speaking of what is intended, and right communication with others in some situations, and also attempted to study for enhancing slow learners' speaking skills so that their effective speaking will be performed through the change of their thinking for speaking. The subjects of this study were 2 same classes which were chosen by the results of speaking performance assessment to analyze the marks of the second term in the first grade of the high school. 1 class was classified as a experimental group and the other as a control group These 2 groups were composed of students below the mean, 5 points in grade of the final test (the speaking test of the area of performance assessment-the perfect scores, 10 points). But the students who were not able to decode Korean letters, who were week-minded or below 85 points in the intelligence quotient were excepted. To fulfill this goal, a researcher studied as follows First, Speaking grade of results of final test of the second term in the first grade of the high school was analyzed, Korean speaking exam. was taken, and the 2 same classes were chosen in which 1 class was classified as a experimental group and the other class as a control group Second, the way of actual guiding was like this; after the teaching method for speaking based on the basic course of middle school and a current textbook of high school being made, students were taught speaking in regular classes and free time after class, and then they tried to get speaking proficiency through tasks assigned to them. Third, experimental result verify according to the method of staticstics Followings are the summary of the results of this study. First, slow learners came to develope their basic speaking skills and have good attitude towards speaking, and learned basic knowledge by applying speaking teaching-learning plan centered on self-expression activities with speaking supplementary materials to them Second, supplementary materials developed to diagnose and correct slow learners' lack of learning were effective as in the results of this study. Third, the fact that Korean speaking grade of an experimental group was improved from 4.65 points in December up to 6.5 points in April means that at least, the problem of slow learning is able to overcome, if slow learners are usually taught with a little more interest and devotion of teachers. Fourth, slow learners came to recognize the importance of speaking and tried to speak more effectively. In short, a change was made in their thinking about speaking language.

초급 한국어 학습자의 통사 복잡성 발달에 대한 종적 연구

김효은,심지연,이선영,최유진 이중언어학회 2022 이중언어학 Vol.86 No.-

This study analyzed syntactic complexity development in learners in the initial step of learning Korean longitudinally and examined the aspects and characteristics of their syntactic complexity development. Syntactic complexity is a language’s structural complexity, and it can be investigated by converting the degree of complexity in the connection of sentences, phrases, or clauses into values. To analyze syntactic complexity development in learners’ spoken language longitudinally, the research team used ‘Korean learners’ longitudinal spoken language corpus’ consisting of 85,620 phrases and 11,640 sentences from eight beginner-level Korean language learners’ free conversation utterances collected through seven sessions for five months. Also, analysis was done by setting analysis units of spoken language syntactic complexity as words, phrases, clauses (coordinate & subordinate clauses), and AS-unit. According to the analysis results, as their learning proceeded, their syntactic complexity increased in general, but temporarily, the development was either delayed or set back, too. Also, in sentential extension, the use of subordinate clause had more influence on the learner’s development of syntactic complexity than coordinate clause; however, individual difference existed in syntactic complexity development. Based on the findings, this study found implications about education for connective endings and the necessity to conduct research on personal variables regarding syntactic complexity development and follow-up research on syntactic complexity of Korean learner’s spoken language. Furthermore, this study verified the point that AS-units can be used as a analysis unit to determine syntactic complexity of learner’s spoken language. 이 연구는 한국어 학습 초기 단계에 있는 학습자들의 구어 자료를 종적으로 분석하여 학습자들의 통사 복잡성 발달의 양상과 특성을 살펴보았다. 통사 복잡성은 언어의 구조적 복잡성이며, 문장, 절, 구 등의 연결이 복잡한 정도를 수치화하여 살펴볼 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 학습자들의 구어 통사 복잡성 발달을 종적으로 분석하기 위해 5개월간 7회에 걸쳐 수집한 초급 한국어 학습자 8명의 자유 대화 발화 85,620어절, 11,640문장으로 구성된 ‘한국어 학습자 종적 구어 말뭉치’를 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 그리고 구어 말뭉치의 단어, 어절, 절(대등절, 종속절), AS-unit을 학습자 구어 통사 복잡성의 분석 단위로 설정하여 분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 학습이 진행될수록 학습자의 전반적인 통사 복잡성이 증가하였으나, 일시적으로 발달이 지연되거나 후퇴하는 양상을 보이기도 하였다. 또한 문장 확장에서 대등절보다 종속절에 의한 통사 복잡성발달이 더 유의하게 나타났으나, 통사 복잡성 발달에 개인차가 존재하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해, 연결어미 교육에 대한 시사점을 알 수 있었고, 통사 복잡성 발달의 개인적 변인에 대한 연구 및 후속 연구의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 더 나아가 한국어 학습자의 구어 통사 복잡성을 판단하는 단위로 AS-unit을 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

외국인 단기 유학생의 개인차 변인이 한국어 말하기 향상에 미치는 영향 -CAF 지표 분석을 중심으로-

정혜원 한국어의미학회 2018 한국어 의미학 Vol.59 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate Korean speaking proficiency development(Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency; CAF) and examine the effects of individual variables of learners on the Korean speaking proficiency. The study analyzed the correlation between learner’s language proficiency before studying abroad, intercultural sensitivity, personality, language use, learner’s social network, and Korean speaking proficiency development for 15 study-abroad participants. The data revealed that learner’s language proficiency before studying abroad doesn't affect on Korean speaking proficiency development. Also, the analysis indicated that there are positive correlations in three aspects: (a) between openness of learners and development of speaking accuracy; (b) between time spent speaking with native Korean speakers and development of speaking accuracy; (c) between durability(i.e., frequency of contact with native Korean speakers) in social networks and development of speaking complexity. And the factor singled out by most participants as interrupting Korean speaking proficiency development was time spent speaking in English with native Korean speakers.

광복 70년, 국어학 외연의 확대와 발전

홍종선(Hong Jongseon) 한국언어문학회 2015 한국언어문학 Vol.95 No.-

Over 70 years since Independence, the outer edge of the Korean Linguistics has been expanded in various ways with the development of the Korean Linguistics. When we roughly divide the study which is included in the external areas of the Korean Linguistics into interdisciplinary research and applied research, there are philosophy of language, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, rhetorics, Korean stylistics, glottochronology, mathematical linguistics, computational Korean lingustics, Korean corpus lingustics and Korean language culture studies in interdisciplinary research. In applied research, there are Korean educational linguistics, Korean educational linguistics as a foreign language, Korean lexicography, Computational Korean Linguistics, Korean lalopathology, Korean language policy, Korean medium lingustics, Korean advertising lingustics, interpretation studies and translation studies. These external studies of Korean Linguistics and pure Korean Linguistics help each other to expand their views and research methodology, adding various viewpoints in many ways, and achieving mutual rising development by providing new facts and materials in the aspect of information. It can also contribute to the development of Korean language culture by adding practicality that can be used in real life through external studies. Among interdisciplinary researches and applied researches, there are a lot of fields where the researches are already activated but there are still quite a few areas which are about to be studied. In the future, Korean linguistics research should foster user-oriented grammar with researcher-oriented grammar and greatly develop the study of spoken language and discourse. Therefore, we should enlarge the cooperating researches providing more information to external areas of Korean linguistics.

토픽 모델링을 활용한 한국어 말하기 교육 연구의 동향 분석 -한국 내 연구를 중심으로-

박영훈 국제한국어교육학회 2020 한국어 교육 Vol.31 No.4

The study analyzes trends in Korean speaking education from 1987 to 2020. A total of 742 studies were analyzed by text data, extracting topics and key words with high potential associations over time with Topic Modeling techniques. According to the analysis, studies of speaking Korean has improved both in quantity and quality since 2011. While previous studies focused on enabling the actual use of speaking knowledge acquired in everyday life, this changed over time to academic purpose-oriented or discussion-oriented research in a particular language region. In particular, speech evaluation studies have been continuing since the beginning to the present, and the trend has been changing from development studies to scoring comparison studies. As a future task, variable studies should be conducted on the review and evaluation environment to strengthen the validity and reliability of speaking questions. It is also necessary to study speaking for multilingual learners with diverse purposes in academic speaking research. Moreover, research on speaking has a strong identity between each topic and key words and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen convergence and linkage with other topics.

상호문화접근법을 활용한 한국어 말하기 수업의 사례 연구 -말하기 효능감의 변화와 학습자 만족도 조사를 중심으로-

김혜련,강소산 부산외국어대학교 다문화연구소 2024 다문화사회와 교육연구 Vol.16 No.-

This study aims to examine cases of Korean speaking classes using the intercultural approach and verify the effectiveness of classes. Korean speaking classes using the intercultural approach were conducted for learners taking a “Basic Korean Speaking” course at H university in South Korea during the spring semester of 2023. As a result, it was found that the learners’ Korean speaking efficacy increased from 2.87 points before to 3.46 points after the course, indicating a statistically significant improvement. Through satisfaction survey, it was evident that this class enhanced learners’ understanding of Korean culture, provided ample opportunities to voluntarily speak about Korean and their own culture, and stimulated learners’ interest.

翻訳に現れる役割語に関する考察 -『ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石』の 英日·英韓の翻訳文を研究対象に -

SASA HIROKO 한국일어일문학회 2017 日語日文學硏究 Vol.100 No.1

When we compare and contrast translation practices between Korean and Japanese, it is possible to see the frequent use of role language in Japanese translation than in Korean original text which is not observable in Korean translation of Japanese literatures. This research begins with examining if it is possible to see the same tendency in the Korean and Japanese translations of English literatures. I use J. K. Rawling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as an example and compare and contrast the translation of speech styles in its Japanese and Korean versions. As existing literatures point out, the use of role language such as ‘doctor’s language’ (hakase-go, which is a stereotyped speech style of ‘imaginary’ old male doctors/scientists), female language, and dialects is more frequently in the Japanese translation than in Korean. I then analyze how the Korean translation distinguishes the speech of each character without using role language. The result tells that, while the Korean translation contains only a small amount role language, it instead brings its readers into the story with sentence endings to indicate relationships among the characters as well as with the intentional use of translatese. 일본어 원문과 한국어 번역문 혹은 한국어 원문과 일본어 번역문을 비교·대조한 연구에 따르면 한국어보다 일본어가 역할어를 많이 쓴다고 한다. 그래서 본고에서는 영한번역문과 영일번역문에서도 이와 같은 경향이 나타나는지에 대해 알아보았다. 연구방법으로는 영문소설인 '해리포터와 마법사의 돌'의 한국어 번역문장과 일본어 번역문장을 비교하여 역할어 사용 양상에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과 기존 연구에서 지적한 바와 같이 일본어가 한국어보다 많은 역할어를 사용하고 있었다. 일본어 번역문에서는 노인어, 여성어, 방언과 같은 역할어가 많이 사용되었으며, 한국어 번역문에서는 인간관계를 나타내는 상대 높임법의 일부 어미가 역할어로 사용되었다. 또한 한국어 번역문에서는 역할어 외에 번역어투를 사용함으로써 독자가 소설에 더욱 몰입할 수 있도록 하고 있었다.

翻訳に現れる役割語に関する考察 -『ハリー·ポッターと賢者の石』の 英日·英韓の翻訳文を研究対象に -

佐々紘子 (사사 히로코) 한국일어일문학회 2017 日語日文學硏究 Vol.100 No.1

일본어 원문과 한국어 번역문 혹은 한국어 원문과 일본어 번역문을 비교·대조한 연구에 따르면 한국어보다 일본어가 역할어를 많이 쓴다고 한다. 그래서 본고에서는 영한번역문과 영일번역문에서도 이와 같은 경향이 나타나는지에 대해 알아보았다. 연구방법으로는 영문소설인 `해리포터와 마법사의 돌`의 한국어 번역문장과 일본어 번역문장을 비교하여 역할어 사용 양상에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과 기존 연구에서 지적한 바와 같이 일본어가 한국어보다 많은 역할어를 사용하고 있었다. 일본어 번역문에서는 노인어, 여성어, 방언과 같은 역할어가 많이 사용되었으며, 한국어 번역문에서는 인간관계를 나타내는 상대 높임법의 일부 어미가 역할어로 사용되었다. 또한 한국어 번역문에서는 역할어 외에 번역어투를 사용함으로써 독자가 소설에 더욱 몰입할 수 있도록 하고 있었다. When we compare and contrast translation practices between Korean and Japanese, it is possible to see the frequent use of role language in Japanese translation than in Korean original text which is not observable in Korean translation of Japanese literatures. This research begins with examining if it is possible to see the same tendency in the Korean and Japanese translations of English literatures. I use J. K. Rawling`s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer`s Stone as an example and compare and contrast the translation of speech styles in its Japanese and Korean versions. As existing literatures point out, the use of role language such as `doctor`s language` (hakase-go, which is a stereotyped speech style of `imaginary` old male doctors/scientists), female language, and dialects is more frequently in the Japanese translation than in Korean. I then analyze how the Korean translation distinguishes the speech of each character without using role language. The result tells that, while the Korean translation contains only a small amount role language, it instead brings its readers into the story with sentence endings to indicate relationships among the characters as well as with the intentional use of translatese.

일본의 근대 문체 형성에 대한 고찰: 명사문의 ‘だ’와 ‘じゃ(ぢゃ)’를 중심으로

박효경 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2011 언어정보 Vol.0 No.13

Conclusive auxiliary verbs which organize a noun sentence in modern Japanese are consisted of ‘da/de-aru/desu/de-arimasu/de-gozaimasu’, which are sentence final particles. Most of all, there are two auxiliary verbs that are comparable in usage. ‘da’ used to be a dialect derived from Kanto province since the Middle Ages, while ‘ja’ originated from Kansai province. After the standard language had been enacted, ‘da’ is now used as a standard form while ‘ja’ is considered to be a ‘博士語’ or ‘老人語’. I researched ‘da’ and ‘ja’ that can be seen in the works of various genre in the early Meiji era with the aim of clearly differentiating the two forms. In conversation, ‘da’ has been used regardless of speaker's class and gender since it has always been a spoken style. Although ‘ja’ had a feature of a colloquial style which was used in lecture notes and addresses.